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  • Articles  (562)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (562)
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • 1995-1999  (260)
  • 1980-1984  (184)
  • 1975-1979  (118)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomethanation: Anaerobic fermentation of CO2, H2 and CO to methanePublication No. 3366 from the Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139 (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1153-1172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies to examine the microbial fermentation of coal gasification products (CO2, H2 and CO) to methane have been done with a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria selected from an anaerobic sewage digestor. The specific rate of methane production at 37°C reached 25 mmol/g cell hr. The stoichiometry for methane production was 4 mmol H2/mol CO2. Cell recycle was used to increase the cell concentration from 2.5 to 8.3 g/liter; the volumetric rate of methane production ran from 1.3 to 4 liter/liter hr. The biogasification was also examined at elevated pressure (450 psi) and temperature to facilitate interfacing with a coal gasifier. At 60°C, the specific rate of methane production reached 50 mmol/g cell hr. Carbon monoxide utilization by the mixed culture of anaerobes and by a Rhodopseudomonas species was examined. Both cultures are able to carry out the shift conversion of CO and water to CO2 and hydrogen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200804
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human interferon production with diploid fibroblast cells grown on microcarriers (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A variety of diploid human fibroblast lines have been successfully grown to high densities (〉106 cell/ml) on recently developed microcarriers. Interferon induction using poly I·poly C and a superinduction procedure resulted in yields greater than 10,000 units/ml with one cell line. A direct comparison of microcarrier cultures to roller bottle cultures showed equivalent interferon yields on a per cell basis and some apparent differences relating to optimum inducer concentrations and kinetics of interferon accumulation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210306
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic biosynthesis of cephalexin (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1237-1247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reaction kinetics of the enzymatic of cephalexin from 7-aminodea-cetoxy cephalosporanic acid and phenylglycine methylester was studied using the synthesizing enzyme obtained from Xanthomonas citri. The activation energy, Km value for 7-aminodeacetoxy cephalosporanic acid and phenylglycine methylester, and Ki value for phenylglycine methylester were determined as 8.63 kcal/mol, 3.7mM, 14.5mM, and 70mM, respectively. The enzyme was found to be constitutive and susceptible to deactivation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220610
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of an exchange filtration technique to obtain synchronous sporulation in an extended batch fermentation (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fermentor system with an external filtration loop has been developed to control the growth and sporulation of yeast in a single vessel. Excess growth medium, instead of being removed by centrifugation, is removed by filtration and replaced with acetate sporulation medium. The technique did give 80% sporulation after 20 hr, greatly improving the rate and degree of synchrony of sporulation and it also eliminated the contamination hazard of the conventional harvest technique, centrifugation, and resuspension of vegetative cells in sporulation medium. Furthermore it permits proper control of the environmental conditions throughout the growth, exchange, and sporulation phase. In this technique 100% recycle of biomass is achieved without any packing of the cells on the filter. This technique has wide application in the study of industrial fermentation that involves microbial differentiation such as the production of ergot alkaloids, bacitracin, and cephalosporin.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210208
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics and physiology of stipitatic acid and gluconate production by carbon sufficient cultures of Penicillium stipitatum growing in continuous culture (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1455-1464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The yield from glucose of ammonia-grown carbon-limited continuous cultures of Penicillium stipitatum was ca. 20% higher than that of nitrate-grown cultures at all growth rates examined. However, the yield from oxygen was similar during growth on both nitrogen sources. Under phosphate limitation the specific rate of gluconic acid and stipitatic acid production increased with growth rate, but the former product accounted for virtually 100% of the excreted carbon. Stipitatic acid was not produced under nitrogen limitation, and glucose supplied to the culture in excess of that required for growth was virtually quantatively converted into gluconic acid. Productivities of 11.4 g gluconic acid/L/h were stably maintained in continuous culture. Under conditions of glucose excess the enzyme glucose oxidase was excreted into the culture. The specific activity of this extracellular enzyme increased when the input glucose concentration to the culture was progressively increased. The excretion of a protein under nitrogen limitation suggests that this enzyme plays an important role under these conditions. Indeed, it was demonstrated that nitrogen-limited cultures did not overmetabolize gluconate at either pH 6.5 or 3.5, although up to 29 g/L gluconate was present in the culture. The Ygluconate and YO2 of C- and N-limited gluconate-grown cultures were similar indicating that the rapid conversion of glucose to gluconate probably affords a means of regulating carbon flow in this organism. Nitrogen-limited cultures of P. stipitatum overmetabolized glucose to a much greater extent than acetate, fructose, or gluconate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260261210
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme immobilization in porous solid supports - penetration of immobilized enzyme (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1032-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The process of enzyme immobilization under the diffusion-controlled regime (i.e., fast attachment of enzyme compared to its diffusion) is modeled and theoretically solved in this article. Simple and compact solutions for the penetration depth of immobilized enzyme and the bulk enzyme concentration versus time are presented. Furthermore, the conditions for the validity of our solutions are also given in this article so that researchers can discover when the theoretical solutions can be applied to their systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260904
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of hydrocarbon emulsification and solubilization occurring during the growth of Endomycopsis lipolytica on hydrocarbons (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 955-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A comparative characterization of the phenomena of hydrocarbon emulsification and solubilization taking place during the growth of Endomycopsis lipolytica on n-alkanes and alkenes was made. Evidence was obtained for the cellular production of different factors involved in emulsification and solubilization of hydrocarbons. It was shown that the production of these factors closely followed cell growth. The inducible nature of the alkane solubilizing factor was demonstrated using actidione as inhibitor. Whereas emulsifying factor was demonstrated using actidione as inhibitor. Whereas emulsifying factors showed a broad affinity to some particular hydrocarbons, solubilizing factor was found to be highly specific for the particular hydrocarbon on which the cells were grown. The emulsifying factor was heat stable whereas the solubilizing factor was highly unstable even at -4°C. Metal-ion chelating agents strongly inhibited the activity of both of the factors. A crude isolate of the alkane emulsifying factor was obtained and its peptide characteristics were demonstrated. Using EDTA as an inhibitor for the emulsification-solubilization activity, evidence was obtained for the predominent role played by the emulsification-solubilization mechanism in the uptake of alkane by yeast cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210604
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of physical and physicochemical pretreatments of wood for SCP production with Chaetomium cellulolyticum (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2417-2420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Relatively poor SCP production (4.2 mg/L h) was obtained using C. cellulolyticum and ground aspen wood treated with steam at atmospheric pressure for 1 h. The percentage of protein in the final product increased to 21.4% at a specific growth rate of 0.15 h-1 when the wood sample was treated with steam at a higher pressure (280 psig for 4 min) according to the "Stake" process. Alkali treatment (10% and 15% w/w at 121°C for 30 min), known to solubilize hemicelluloses and some of the lignin, gave intermediate results. More complete delignification of wood using NaClO2 increased the protein composition in the final product to 37.9%, at a specific growth rate of 0.19 h-1. Cellulose utilization was lowest (12.4%) in the case of the wood treated with steam at atmospheric pressure; it was higher at 75.3 and 78.5% for wood treated with NaOH at 10 and 15% w/w levels, respectively. The cellulose utilization was highest (90%) for wood treated with NaClO2.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231103
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation and applications of optical cell density probes in mammalian cell bioreactors (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: optical cell density probes ; turbidity probes ; on-line monitoring ; in situ probes ; mammalian cell bioreactors/fermentors ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: On-line optical cell density probes were implemented to continuously monitor the cell densities in mammalian cell bioreactor and to achieve advanced bioreactor controls. We tested cell density probes from six manufacturers in high cell density bioreactors. When externally calibrated, Aquasant and Ingold backscattering probes produced the most linear probe responses (PR) versus cell density (CD), followed by the ASR and Cerex laser probes. Monitek and Wedgewood transmission probes had lower resolutions. All probes were tested in two murine hybridoma fermentations. Cell densities varied between 1 × 106 cells/mL to 20 × 106 cells/mL and the bioreactors were operated for 5 to 7 weeks. For our bioreactors, Aquasant, Ingold, ASR, Wedgewood, and Monitek probes gave satisfactory responses. Little fouling was observed with any probe at the end of 2 weeks. Fouling was a possibility after 3 weeks in one bioreactor but its effect can be easily corrected. Cell density control and specific perfusion control of bioreactors based on the Aquasant probe were achieved. Implementation of cell density probe based perfusion control, instead of “step perfusion adjustments” based on manual hemacytometer control, will result in smoother operation, healthier cultures, increased medium delivery efficiency, and reduced operational excursions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450606
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cometabolic degradation of trichloroethylene in a bubble column bioscrubber (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 461-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: trichloroethylene ; bioscrubber ; bubble column ; cometabolism ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A bubble column bioreactor was used as bioscrubber to carry out a feasibility study for the cometabolic degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE). Phenol was used as cosubstrate and inducer. The bioreactor was operated like a conventional chemostat with regard to the cosubstrate and low dilution rates were used to minimize the liquid outflow. TCE degradation measurements were carried out using superficial gas velocities between 0.47and 4.07 cm s-1 and TCE gas phase loads between 0.07 and 0.40 mg L-1 Depending on the superficial gas velocity used, degrees of conversion between 30% and 80% were obtained. A simplified reactor model using plug flow for the gas phase, mixed flow for the liquid phase, and pseudo first order reaction kinetics for the conversionof TCE was established. The model is able to give a reasonable approximation of the experimental data. TCE degradation at the used experimental conditions is mainly limited by reaction rate rather than by mass transfer rate. The model can be used to calculate the reactor volume and the biomass concentration for a required conversion. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470407
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