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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ study of the hydrogenation of diphenyl ether in the presence of pyrrhotite and hydrogen sulfide (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 90 (1986), S. 156-159 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100273a035
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multipurpose monochromator for the Basic Energy Science Synchrotron Radiation Center Collaborative Access Team beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source x-ray facility : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2191-2193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Basic Energy Science Synchrotron Radiation Center (BESSRC) Collaborative Access Team (CAT) will construct x-ray beamlines at two sectors of the Advanced Photon Source facility. In most of the beamlines the first optical element will be a monochromator, so that a standard design for this critical component is advantageous. The monochromator is a double-crystal, fixed exit scheme with a constant offset designed for ultrahigh vacuum windowless operation. In this design, the crystals are mounted on a turntable with the first crystal at the center of rotation. Mechanical linkages are used to correctly position the second crystal and maintain a constant offset. The main drive for the rotary motion is provided by a vacuum compatible Huber goniometer isolated from the main vacuum chamber. The design of the monochromator is such that it can accommodate water, gallium, or liquid-nitrogen cooling for the crystal optics. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146455
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MBE grown CdTe photoconductor array detector for x-ray measurements : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2320-2323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A photoconductor array was made using molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) grown CdTe. CdTe has been found to be an excellent material for high-energy photon detection. The objective is to develop an array detector with high efficiency and fast response toward x rays. There is considerable interest in the development of new x-ray detectors for use in the new synchrotron-radiation sources. Photoconductor arrays with gaps ranging from 5 to 50 μm between elements and 100 μm pitch size have been fabricated. The temporal response of the detectors was measured using 100 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses. The temporal response of the photoconductor arrays is as fast as 21 ps rise time and 38 ps full width half maximum (FWHM). Spatial and energy responses were obtained using x rays from rotating anode (ANL) and synchrotron-radiation sources (NSLS, beam line X-18 B). The spatial resolution of the photoconductor obtained was 75 μm FWHM, for a 50 μm beam size. The best results were obtained for those arrays with the best crystal qualities. Linear response up to an energy of 15 keV was observed. Also observed was that a substantial number of x-ray photons were effectively absorbed within the MBE CdTe layer. The array detector did not show any evidence of radiation damage after x-ray exposures of several days. When the detector is cooled to 230 K the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by more than an order of magnitude. These results demonstrate that MBE grown CdTe is a suitable choice to meet the detector requirements for synchrotron-radiation applications. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145676
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argonne National Laboratory X6B beamline at NSLS: A versatile facility : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1688-1690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: With high-intensity, high-energy resolution, energy tunability, and flexibility of operation, the Argonne National Laboratory X6B beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) has become a versatile facility for a variety of x-ray diffraction, scattering, and spectroscopy experiments. The beamline can be operated in either focused or unfocused beam mode, depending on the requirement of specific experiments. We describe the x-ray optics and beamline performance, and present selected experimental results to demonstrate the main features of the X6B beamline. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145884
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elliptical multipole wiggler facility at the Advanced Photon Source : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1839-1841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The use of circularly polarized radiation is advantageous for the study of magnetic materials using x-ray scattering techniques. The APS is an ideal source of x-ray radiation for such studies. We present a description of the elliptical multipole wiggler (EMW) [S. Yamamoto, H. Kawata, H. Kitamura, and M. Ando, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2672 (1989)] to be constructed at the APS. This device has been chosen for reasons of tunability and special polarization properties. This insertion device is capable of producing circularly polarized x rays on axis. The EMW period will be λu=16 cm, the number of full strength poles in the hybrid structure is 31, and the device length is 2.8 m. The hybrid magnetic structure produces a peak vertical magnetic field with Ky=14 and the electromagnet provides horizontal magnetic field with Kx=1–2. The frequency of the horizontal field change is up to 10 Hz. The beamline will consist of three stations operating in tandem with only one station receiving x rays at any one time. The three stations have three distinct functions, namely Compton scattering, magnetic scattering, and surface scattering. Special considerations will be made to insure the proper control of the polarization when using circular polarized light. The design of the elliptical multipole wiggler beam line will follow an approach very close to that developed by Kawata et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 1885 (1989)]. Our objective is to obtain a high photon flux with energies above 40 keV and well characterized polarization. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145799
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New CdTe photoconductor array detector for x-ray applications (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2037-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A CdTe photoconductor array x-ray detector was grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a Si(100) substrate. The temporal response of the photoconductor arrays is as fast as 21 ps rise time and 38 ps full width half-maximum (FWHM). The spatial resolution of the photoconductor was good enough to provide 75 μm FWHM using a 50 μm synchrotron x-ray beam. A substantial number of x-ray photons are absorbed effectively within the MBE CdTe layer as observed from the linear response up to 15 keV. These results demonstrate that MBE grown CdTe is a suitable choice of the detector materials to meet the requirements for x-ray detectors. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113684
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CdZnTe Array Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation Applications (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 1332-1336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An X-ray linear-array detector was fabricated using high-pressure Bridgman-grown CdZnTe. The detector area was 175 × 800 µm and the pitch size was 250 µm. The measured dark current for the test 16-element detector was as low as 0.1 pA at 800 V cm−1 with excellent uniformity. Energy spectra were measured using a 57Co radiation source. Both a small-pixel effect and charge sharing were observed. For the arrays, an average 5.8% full width at half-maximum (FWHM) at the 122 keV photopeak was obtained with a standard deviation of 0.2%. A large-area detector (1 × 1 cm) of the same material before fabrication exhibited a low-energy tail at the photopeak, which limits the photopeak FWHM to 8%, typically due to hole trapping. At energies below 60 keV, charge sharing between elements was observed. The charge sharing was greatly reduced by providing a path to ground for unwanted charges. A prototype readout electronic system for an eight-channel array detector was developed. A readout system intended for a multielement solid-state detector system was also used. The array detector will be used for high-energy diffraction and Compton scattering measurements at the Advanced Photon Source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598007237
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant x-ray reflectivity measurements of a Ni/Fe alloy thin film: A composition profile (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 97 (1995), S. 465-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the composition profile of a Ni/Fe permalloy (0.8 Ni/0.2 Fe) thin film using glancing incidence X-ray reflectivity. Resonant reflectivity measurements were carried out by tuning the X-ray energy below and above, close and away from the respective K-edges of Fe and Ni. The information obtained using this method allows a determination of not only the electron density but also the composition profiles of the Ni/Fe alloy thin film. This non-destructive technique is a promising tool for the determination of the chemical composition of thin film. We used a matrix formalism to describe the wave propagation in a continuous medium. In our calculations, we used linear segments to approach the local electron density profile at the interfaces and Gaussian factors to account for the rms(root mean squre) roughness due to irregularities in the boundary position. We were able to obtain excellent fits to the data and get consistent geometry and composition parameters from the reflectivity measurements at five different X-ray energies. We detected oxidation layers on the top surface and between the alloy thin film and the substrate. We observed also that the Ni/Fe composition at the interfaces deviate from that of the bulk of the thin film sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317230
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of Ag, Fe and Ge microclusters (1989)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 12 (1989), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 78.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structures of Ag, Fe and Ge microclusters were determined using EXAFS. The measurements were performed over a wide range of clusters sizes. The clusters were prepared using the gas aggregation technique and isolated in solid argon at 4.2 K. The measurements were performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at beam line X-18B. A strong contraction of the interatomic distances was observed for Ag dimers and multimers. Silver clusters larger than 12 A mean diameter show a small contraction of thenn distance and a structure consistent with an fcc lattice. By contrast clusters smaller than 12 A show the presence of a small expansion and a strong reduction or absence ofnnn in the EXAFS signal. This points towards a different crystallographic structure for Ag microclusters with diameter less than 12 A. In iron clusters we observe a gradual reduction of thenn distance as the cluster size decreases. The interatomic distance for iron dimers was determined to be 1.94 A, in good agreement with earlier measurements. The iron microclusters show a bcc structure down to a mean diameter of 9 A. Iron clusters with 9 A mean diameter show a structure inconsistent with a bcc lattice. The new structure is consistent with an fcc or hcp lattice. The measurements on Ge clusters show the presence of only nearest neighbors. There was clear evidence of temporal annealing as determined by variations in the near edge structure of the K-absorption edge. Absorption edge measurements were also performed for free Ge clusters travelling perpendicular to the direction of the synchrotron radiation beam. The measurements performed on the free clusters were consistent with those obtained for matrix isolated clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01426915
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technological applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy (1986)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 27 (1986), S. 147-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A brief review is given of some recent industrial applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy. One of the most desirable futures of the Mossbauer effect is the feasibility of performing in situ measurements. Such measurements are extremely important especially in the upgrading of coal derived liquids. Such applications have been very successful in understanding the role of iron sulfides stoichiometries in direct coal liquefaction. The use of in situ techniques in invaluable in the investigation of the metal support interaction and their relation to carburization processes in Fischer-Tropsch reactions. Some examples of such applications will be presented in this paper. In this paper, emphasis will be placed in the use of a multiple technique approach to elucidate scientific problems of industrial importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02354751
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