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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (27)
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1965-1969  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excretion and ultrastructure of the antennal gland of the fiddler crab Uca mordaxThis work was supported by grant AMO 9975-01 of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 473-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Function and ultrastructure of the excretory organs (antennal glands) of the shore crab Uca mordax were investigated. The crabs were maintained at three different salinities: 50%, 100% and 200% seawater. In spite of previous reports to the contrary, the investigation showed that the powerful osmoregulatory ability found in Uca mordax is not due to participation of the antennal glands. Freezing point depression of urine under all conditions was found to be slightly less than that of the hemolymph, indicating a slightly hypoosmotic urine. It was further found that the antennal gland is extremely effective in resorbing sodium from the filtrate. The higher the salinity to which the crabs were acclimated the lower the sodium concentration in the urine. No water was resorbed from the filtrate as shown by the fact that the inulin U/P ratio remained unity regardless of the salinity to which the crabs were adapted. Electronmicroscopy of the antennal glands revealed that the coelomosac cells are similar to the podocytes described in the crayfish by Kümmel ('64), and the coelomosac appears to be a typical filtration organ. The cells of the labyrinth showed brush border and very elaborate basal infoldings with numerous mitochondria. The deep cytoplasmic infoldings which represent interdigitations with neighboring cells may be correlated with the effective sodium reabsorption in the labyrinth, but apparently not with water movement.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sudanophilic lipid of normal and regenerating limb tissues of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescensThis investigation was supported by a Public Health Service research grant GM06208 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 118 (1966), S. 57-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The most intense and widely distributed sudanophilic responses of cryostat-sectioned newt limb tissues were obtained with a simultaneous fix and stain procedure of 1:1 10% formal-calcium and sudan black B. Droplets and globules of lipid mixtures and rodlets (mitochondria) were typical responses distributed within the epidermis, subcutaneous glands, dermis and other connective tissues, striated muscle (also with positive fibrils), tunics of blood vessels, and blood cells. A prominent droplet response was located subjacent to the adepidermal basement membrane. The myelin of brachial nerve stained intensely.In regenerating limbs, the wound epithelium response was comparable to that of epidermis. Post-amputational lipophanerosis of injured muscle and brachial nerves was observed. The retrograde degeneration of nerve myelin was extensive, and continued into the early differentiative phase of regeneration. Lipid-engorged macrophages were prominent among the injured tissues, distal to these, and within the wound epithelium.The regeneration blastema revealed a large quantity of sudanophilic lipid. Prominent droplet and rodlet responses were typical of the myelinating regenerating nerves. The response of regenerating muscle equaled that of the mature stump fibers. The cells of the regenerating chondroskeleton contained sudanophilic lipid.Organic solvents such as acetone, ether, chloroform and chloroform:methanol reduced or prevented the sudanophilic responses. Sudan red 7B revealed less lipid than did sudan black B. A fixation effect was demonstrated with post-chromated formalcalcium, and chromic-formalin fixed sections. In the latter preparations, swollen-bodies, identified as mitochondria, stained intensely.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051180105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protocol design considerations that relate to demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of chemopreventive agents (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 67 (1997), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cancer ; chemoprevention ; clinical trial ; surrogate endpoint biomarker ; protocol design ; safety ; efficacy ; FDA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: As with other drugs, applications for marketing approval of new chemopreventive agents in the United States must include data from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials that demonstrate effectiveness and safety for the intended use. Knowledge of a drug's pharmacologic actions and metabolism may benefit protocol design, by identifying the patient populations and dosing schedules associated with a favorable risk/benefit profile. With availability of appropriate preclinical data, including standard assessments of an agent's toxicology, effects on reproductive performance, and genotoxicity, initial Phase I studies of 1-3 months may be performed in normal volunteers or an appropriate higher-risk population. For chronic dosing studies of longer duration, preclinical toxicology studies of longer duration are relevant. Enrollment in chemoprevention studies should be directed toward individuals at sufficient risk of developing cancer so that potential benefit may counterbalance the unpredictable and possibly serious adverse effects that may be observed with prolonged administration of a study drug. Phase I and II studies with clinical dosing lasting up to 12 months often afford opportunities to assess drug effect on surrogate endpoint biomarkers that may correlate with endpoints of clinical effectiveness. Phase III and late phase II chemopreventive investigations should routinely utilize a prospective, randomized study design (double-masked and placebo-controlled, when possible). To support marketing approval, there must be evidence that a chemopreventive agent significantly delays or prevents the occurrence of malignancy, with acceptable safety. In some circumstances, modulation of a surrogate marker may provide a basis for marketing approval, before more definitive endpoint data become available. However, the acceptability of a surrogate depends on the nature and quality of the data supporting its predictive value. Given the considerations of large study size, long duration, and high cost that may hamper development of potential agents, studies designed to examine the predictive value of surrogate endpoint biomarkers are of great importance to the future development of chemoprevention research. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 27:1-6. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the crocodile kidney (Crocodylus acutus) with special reference to electrolyte and fluid transportThis work was supported by grant AM09975-02 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 121 (1967), S. 255-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The study of the ultrastructure of the kidney tubules of the crocodile was made to compare the cellular structure with the capacity for electrolyte resorption and the ability to create an osmotic gradient across the tubular wall. The crocodile tubular cells were found to differ from the mammalian tubular cells in that they do not have basal infoldings, but instead have open lateral spaces between the cells, similar in many aspects to those found in the mammalian gallbladder. The physiological role of these lateral spaces in solute and fluid transfer is discussed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051210402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of limb tissues of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescensThis investigation was supported by a research grant GM 06208, and a graduate training grant 8T1-HD-16, from the Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 251-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The limb tissues of the adult newt investigated for their fine structure include epidermis, subcutaneous glands, dermis, striated muscle, peripheral nerves and blood vessels. This survey complements and extends previous observations, emphasizing intercellular junctions, and the ubiquitous “glycocalyx” (= polysaccharide-protein lamella, around cells and adjacent to epithelia).Our survey touches on the characteristic tonofilaments, intercellular desmosomes and basal hemidesmosomes of the epidermis. The subcutaneous glands consist of secretory cells with a granular product, and myoepithelial cells; intercellular desmosomes are present. The adepidermal reticulum of collagen fibrils reveals periodic regions of intersecting fibrils ( = nodules), and fibril continuity with the underlying dermis: a striking feature is the adipose tissue closely applied to the adepidermal reticulum. The limb striated muscle displays typical banded myofibrils, and a triad system with centrotubules in the I-band close to the Z-band: terminal sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum complete the triad system. A particularly prominent glycocalyx is applied to the surface of the sarcolemma. The peripheral nerves of the limb possess connective tissue sheaths with prominent vesiculation of the cell membranes, and an occasional intercellular desmosomal junction. Blood vessels typically have endothelial cells with prominently vesiculated plasma membranes.This investigation serves as the basis for recognizing the fine structure of tissue responses to trauma, their repair, and regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051230305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid of normal and regenerating limb tissues of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescens: Acidic and non-acidic lipids, phospholipids, and cholesterolThis investigation was supported by a Public Health Service Research grant GM06208, from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 118 (1966), S. 353-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cryostat-cut sections of unamputated and amputated-regenerating limbs of the adult newt were examined following the Nile blue test for acidic and non-acidic lipids, the acid hematein and plasmal tests for phospholipids, and a Schultz test for cholesterol.Triglycerides (Nile blue test) are prominent in dermis and macrophages: triglyceride droplets are scattered in epidermis, wound epithelium, and regeneration blastema. Fatty acids (Nile blue test) are present in all tissues of the normal and regenerating limb: nerve myelin contains relatively little free fatty acid, while macrophages appear to contain the least amount of this lipidic substance.Plasmalogens (plasmal test) are prominent in the myelin of nerves, and macrophages: a weak cytoplasmic reaction obtains in the epidermis, subcutaneous glands, striated muscle, tunics of blood vessels, wound epithelium, blastema cells, chondrocytes, perichondrium and periosteum.Mitochondria responding for cephalin, lecithin, and sphingomyelin (acid hematein test) are ubiquitously distributed among the cells and tissues of the normal and regenerating limb. These phosphatides are prominent in nerve myelin, macrophages, and in dermal droplets: a variable response obtains from the myofibrils of striated muscle.Cholesterol (Schultz test) was demonstrated only in nerve myelin and in macrophages associated with injured nerves.Particular attention was paid to the lipid responses of the regeneration blastema, and the conclusion was reached that not all of the lipid previously demonstrated with sudan dyes was characterized by the current series of lipid tests.A modified Nile blue sulfate test that promises greater specificity in distinguishing between acidic and non-acidic lipids is introduced.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051180305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of tissues in the amputated-regenerating limb of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescensThis investigation was supported by a research grant GM 06208, and a graduate training grant 8T1-HD-16, from the Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 271-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the fine structure of injured, repairing and regenerating tissues of the amputated forelimbs of the adult newt: observations were made on wound epithelium, nerves, striated muscle, the regeneration blastema, connective tissues and cartilage.The wound epithelium shows little modulation from the adjacent epidermis: a subjacent glycocalyx and hemidesmosomes are initially absent. Some cells reveal phagocytic activity. As regeneration progresses, a glycocalyx, hemidesmosomes, and an adepidermal reticulum of fibers develop.Nerve fiber degeneration and regeneration lie side by side in the same nerve bundle. Myelin degeneration is evident within 24 hours; neural connective tissues loosen and fibers appear to spread apart.Striated muscle fibers display a nonuniform response to trauma, due to unequal degree of injury inflicted by amputation. The moderately and greatly injured fibers lose their distal fibril organization. There is a numerical increase in mitochondria, and occasionally a pyknotic nucleus is present. The myofiber glycocalyx appears to resist destruction, even when cell degeneration is extensive. Satellite cells have been observed intimately in contact with injured myofibers. Myogenesis is accompanied by an increase in collagen fibrillogenesis associated with adjacent fibroblasts. Many of these latter cells appear to contain intracellular fibrils: the significance of these observations are discussed, and a basis for intracellular fibrillogenesis and tropocollagen accretion is proposed.The fine structure of the regeneration blastema cell agrees with the description offered by others for the adult newt limb regeneration.Early prochondral condensation of blastema cells is described briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051230306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microcirculation in mouse spleen (nonsinusal) studied by means of corrosion casts (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 186 (1985), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Corrosion casts of mouse spleen, examined by scanning electron microscopy, enabled vascular pathways of the arterial, intermediate, and venous circulations to be traced over considerable distances. The arterial tree is surrounded by white pulp immediately upon entering at the hilus, and relatively few arterioles extend into red pulp. A profusion of capillaries is present in both periarterial lymphatic sheaths and lymphatic nodules, arranged as bifurcating systems (rather than anastomosing networks) terminating in the marginal sinus (MS) and marginal zone (MZ). The MS, which is situated between white pulp and MZ, consists of a discontinuous layer of flattened anastomosing spaces which are up to six times as large as those in rat spleen. Extensive filling of the entire MZ took place before appreciable filling of surrounding red pulp occurred. Capillary terminations in red pulp are always continuous with reticular meshwork, i.e., no evidence for a “closed” circulation was found. Casts of the venous origins support the classification “pulp venules” rather than “venous sinuses” and show major morphological differences from the richly anastomosing system of sinuses in rat. In the subcapsular region of mouse spleen large anastomosing veins ramify over the surface, with reticular meshwork occupying extensive areas between adjacent veins. For in vivo microscopy this arrangement offers advantages over that found in rat spleen (accompanying paper), where almost the entire surface is densely covered with venous sinuses.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051860103
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  • 9
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    Electronic Resource
    Microcirculation in rat spleen (sinusal), studied by means of corrosion casts, with particular reference to the intermediate pathways (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 186 (1985), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Blood vessels and their connections in rat spleen were traced over considerable distances by scanning electron microscopy of microcorrosion casts prepared by injection of minimal amounts of casting material. The periarterial lymphatic sheath and lymphatic nodules are highly developed, containing an abundance of capillaries which terminate in the marginal sinus (MS) and marginal zone (MZ). The MS, which consists of a series of discontinuous flattened vascular spaces interconnected by short capillaries, shows circumferential filling followed by flow radially outward into the MZ. Contrary to the generally accepted view, many venous sinuses begin as open-ended tubes at the MS or MZ, allowing free entry of blood into the venous system, thereby bypassing the reticular meshwork of the red pulp. The majority of arterial capillaries terminate in the reticular meshwork (“open” circulation), but evidence for direct connections between capillaries and venous sinuses (“closed” circulation) was also obtained. Casts of the subcapsular region reveal an elaborate system of venous sinuses in fan-shaped arrays, superimposed on an extensive network of capillaries draining into flattened reticular spaces; such casts provide a three-dimensional map useful in interpreting light microscopic observations of red cell flow in vivo. Sphincter-like constrictions in venous sinuses, at points of connection with larger sinuses, indicate that these are possible sites for control of intrasplenic flow distribution.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051860102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature regulation in the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)This work was supported by grant HE 02228 from the National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 67 (1966), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) maintained a body temperature of 30.7°C ± 1.03 s.d. (N = 23) at ambient temperatures (TA) between 0 and 25°C. It may, however, also become hypothermic at low TA. At TA = 30°C or above the echidna became hyperthermic. The thermoneutral range was about 20-30°C. At low TA the metabolic rate might be increased several fold. The thermal conductance was at a minimum at TA = 20°C, and was not further reduced at lower TA. At higher TA the thermal conductance increased up to five-fold. The evaporation showed little change with increasing TA. At the highest TA we used (33°C) the evaporation on the average accounted for the dissipation of only about one-third of the metabolic heat produced. These findings suggest that the echidna, although it can maintain its body temperature at low ambient temperature, cannot rely upon evaporation as the major avenue for heat loss at high ambient temperature.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040670108
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