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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: The structure of the CO2–CO2–H2O van der Waals complex determined by microwave spectroscopy [J. Chem. Phys. 90, 5964 (1989)] (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 5166-5166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458622
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water hydrogen bonding: The structure of the water–carbon monoxide complex (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 7095-7109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rotational transitions between J≤3 levels within the K=0 manifold have been observed for H2O–CO, HDO–CO, D2O–CO, H2O–13CO, HDO–13CO, and H217O–CO using the molecular beam electric resonance and Fourier transform microwave absorption techniques. ΔMJ=0→1 transitions within the J=1 level were also measured at high electric fields. A tunneling motion which exchanges the equivalent hydrogens gives rise to two states in the H2O and D2O complexes. The spectroscopic parameters for H2O–CO in the spatially symmetric tunneling state are [∼(B0) =2749.130(2)MHz, D0=20.9(2)kHz, and μa=1.055 32(2)D] and in the spatially antisymmetric state are [∼(B0) =2750.508(1)MHz, D0=20.5(1)kHz, and μa=1.033 07(1)D]. Hyperfine structure is resolved for all isotopes. The equilibrium structure of the complex has the heavy atoms approximately collinear. The water is hydrogen bonded to the carbon of CO; however the bond is nonlinear. At equilibrium, the O–H bond of water makes an angle of 11.5° with the a axis of the complex; the C2v axis of water is 64° from the a axis of the complex. The hydrogen bond length is about 2.41 A(ring). The barrier to exchange of the bound and free hydrogens is determined as 210(20) cm−1 (600 cal/mol) from the dipole moment differences between the symmetric and antisymmetric states. The tunneling proceeds through a saddle point, with C2v structure, with the hydrogen directed towards the CO subunit. The equilibrium tilt away from a linear hydrogen bond is in the direction opposite to the tunneling path.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458250
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydration of carbon dioxide: The structure of H2O–H2O–CO2 from microwave spectroscopy (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 106-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of the gas-phase trimeric complex H2O–H2O–CO2 is determined through an analysis of the rotational spectra of ten isotopically substituted species. These spectra were measured in the region between 7.5 and 18 GHz using a pulsed-molecular-beam Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The nondeuterated species display two sets of transitions separated by ∼1 MHz. The splittings of the perdeuterated form are smaller and three partially deuterated forms have no splittings. The rotational constants for the lower frequency set of transitions of the normal species are A=6163.571(4) MHz, B=2226.157(2) MHz, C=1638.972(1) MHz, δJ=0.000 83(3) MHz, ΔJ=0.002 98(4) MHz, ΔJK=−0.0005(2) MHz. The differences in the rotational constants between the upper and lower states are ΔA=498 kHz, ΔB=520 kHz, and ΔC=−133 kHz. The dipole moments are μa=1.571(5) D and μb=0.761(4) D with μc=0 D. The dipole moments and the intertial defect of −0.620 uA(ring)2 both indicate an essentially planar complex. The structure is found to be cyclical with the dimer-type bond lengths within the trimer being approximately the same as those found in the free heterodimers. One water molecule is oxygen bound to the carbon atom of the CO2 and is also hydrogen bonded to the oxygen of the second water molecule. The second water molecule is in turn hydrogen bonded to one of the oxygens of the CO2 molecule. The observed splittings are most likely due to a hydrogen-exchanging internal rotation of this second water molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460384
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water in weak interactions: The structure of the water–nitrous oxide complex (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 2861-2868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rotational spectra of H2O–N2O, D2O–N2O, and HDO–N2O have been observed using molecular beam electric resonance techniques at both zero and nonzero electric fields. H2O–N2O is nonrigid with respect to internal rotation of the water subunit. Rotational constants in MHz for the spatially antisymmetric tunneling state are A=12 605.001(77), B=4437.978(32), and C=3264.302(32). Rotational constants for the spatially symmetric tunneling state are A=12 622.595(203), B=4437.422(47), C=3264.962(47). These together with the rotational constants of the other isotopomers are consistent with a planar, T-shaped arrangement of the heavy atoms of the complex, with the distance between the centers of mass of the two subunits, Rc.m., equal to 2.91(2) A(ring) or a distance of 2.97(2) A(ring) from the H2O oxygen to the central nitrogen of N2O. The measured dipole moments of the two tunneling isomers are identical; μa = 1.480(2) and μb = 0.31(2) D. The values of these dipole moment components indicate an in-plane equilibrium tilt of about 20° between the C2v axis of water and the N–O weak bond. This tilt suggests a second interaction may exist between a hydrogen on water and the N2O subunit. The rotational constants suggest that the N2O unit is tilted by about 9° from perpendicular to the N–O weak bond. The barrier for the tunneling interchange of the water protons is estimated to be 235(10) cm−1. Quadrupole coupling constants eqQaa for the outer and inner nitrogen of N2O are 0.371(130) and 0.128(45) MHz, respectively. Electrostatic models applied to water–N2O and water–CO2 predict hydrogen bonded structures rather than the experimentally observed Lewis base structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463028
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure and internal dynamics of CO–CO–H2O determined by microwave spectroscopy (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 7807-7816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rotational spectra of CO–CO–H2O, CO–CO–HDO, 13CO–CO–H2O, and 13CO–13CO–H2O have been measured using a pulsed-molecular-beam Fabry–Perot Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The complex exhibits internal motion involving an exchange of the CO subunits as well as an hydrogen exchange. In the normal species this is indicated in the spectrum by transition doublets separated by a few hundred kHz and an effective shift of alternating transitions which prevents a good semirigid rotor fit. The other isotopically substituted complexes have spectra in which the transitions are either singlet, doublet or quartets depending on the appropriate spin weights or because of dampening of the internal motion. All the spectra are mutually consistent with a tunneling path with four isoenergetic states. By treating the tunneling frequency of the CO interchange as a vibrational frequency, the rotational constants of two internal rotor states and a tunneling frequency could be determined. The tunneling frequency in CO–CO–H2O is 372 kHz and the ground state rotational constants are A=4294.683(70) MHz, B=1685.399(35) MHz, C=1205.532(35) MHz. The tunneling frequency corresponding to the hydrogen exchange is not determined but the observed transition splittings are comparable to those found for other van der Waals complexes containing a water subunit. The dipole moments determined for CO–CO–HDO are μa=4.790(87)×10−30 C m [1.436(26) D], μb=1.79(12)×10−30 C m [0.533(35) D], and μc=1.10(37)×10−30 C m [0.33(11) D]. The general structure of the complex is found to be cyclic. The CO–CO configuration is approximately T-shaped with the carbon atom of one subunit directed toward the molecular axis of the other subunit. The H2O subunit has a hydrogen atom directed toward the CO subunits but not in the expected linear hydrogen bonded configuration. The uncertainties given in parentheses are one standard deviation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468981
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imprinting the Genome: Imprinted Genes, Imprinting Genes, and A Hypothesis for their Interaction (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 27 (1993), S. 7-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.27.120193.000255
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dorsoventral axis inversion (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 373 (1995), S. 111-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR — Arendt and Niibler-Jung1 suggest that a dorsoventral inversion occurred in the origin of the chordates, concluding that the dorsal surface of a chordate is homologous to the ventral side of non-chordates (gastroneuralians), and that the dorsal nerve cord of chordates is homologous the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373111a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Drosophila melanogaster transposable element sequences in species of the obscura group (1992)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 101 (1992), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifteen species belonging to the obscura group of the genus Drosophila were screened for sequences homologous to Drosophila melanogaster transposable elements (TEs) as an initial step in the examination of the possible occurrence of TEs at chromosomal inversion breakpoints. Blots of genomic DNAs from species of the obscura group were hybridized at three different stringencies with 14 probes representing the major families of TEs described in D. melanogaster. The probe DNAs included copia, gypsy, 412, 297, mdg1, mdg3, 3S18, F, G, I, jockey, P, hobo, and FB3. D. melanogaster TEs were not well represented in the species of the obscura group analyzed. The TEs that were observed generally exhibited heterogeneous distributions, with the exception of F, gypsy and 412 which were ubiquitous, and 297, G, Sancho 2, hobo and FB which were not detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346008
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of seedling competition in the segregation of spruce and fir in the southern Appalachians (1994)
    Springer
    New forests 8 (1994), S. 105-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Abies fraseri ; Picea rubens ; elevational gradient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) are codominants of southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests. Fraser fir generally dominates above 1740 m, while red spruce usually dominates below this elevation. This study was designed to determine whether the present segregation of the two species along elevational gradients is associated with seedling competition or contrasting physiological responses to environmental factors. Seedlings were grown for two years in a replacement series experiment along two elevational transects extending from 1300 m to 1900 m, and harvested for growth analysis. Competition increased with decreasing elevation and Fraser fir was apparently the stronger competitor. Mortality was inversely correlated with elevation and was most evident in red spruce in May, and in fir in late summer. Fir growth increased with elevation and red spruce grew most at the middle elevation (1600 m). Neither competitive interactions nor growth responses completely explained the elevational segregation of red spruce and Fraser fir. We hypothesize that the early-successional Fraser fir quickly dominates at higher elevations following disturbance and that continued disturbance will favor its dominance at higher elevations. However, the late-successional noncompetitive red spruce slowly establishes itself and, while consistently present, may only dominate in the absence of disturbance and where other species are at the margins of their distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028188
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of the locus causing Spider Lamb Syndrome to the distal end of ovine Chromosome 6 (1999)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 10 (1999), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Spider Lamb Syndrome (SLS) is a semi-lethal congenital disorder, causing severe skeletal abnormalities in sheep. The syndrome has now been disseminated into several sheep breeds in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The mode of inheritance for SLS is autosomal recessive, making the identification and culling of carrier animals difficult due to their normal phenotype. Two large pedigrees segregating for the SLS mutation were established, and a genome scan with genetic markers from previously published genome maps of cattle and sheep was used to map the locus causing SLS. Genetic linkage between SLS and several microsatellite markers, OarJMP8, McM214, OarJMP12, and BL1038, was detected, thereby mapping the SLS locus to the telomeric end of ovine Chromosome (Chr) 6. Alignment of ovine Chr 6 with its evolutionary ortholog, human Chr 4, revealed a positional candidate gene, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003359900938
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