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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genetic analysis of the four Trisopterus (Gadidae) taxa suggests that the interrelationships of the two morphs of poor cod (T. minutus minutus in the Atlantic and T. minutus capelanus in the Mediterranean) should be reconsidered. The Mediterranean poor cod T. m. capelanus is more closely related to bib T. luscus than to the Atlantic poor cod, so the population structure in the Atlantic and Mediterranean poor cod must be considered separately. Among 635 Atlantic individuals there was some evidence of poor cod population differentiation (allele frequency heterogeneity test P 〈0·0005; FST=0·0135, P≤0·0005). Levels of genetic variation were similar to those reported for related gadoid species. Some differentiation was present on the Norwegian coast (samples from Trondheimsfjord) and between the Faeroe Islands (Faeroe Bank) and the adjacent European coastal location. In contrast no statistically significant population differentiation was evident in Mediterranean poor cod, but fewer samples and individuals were screened.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1736-1738 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Based on semiclassical density matrix equations, we derive a simple analytical expression for the pump-probe response function of an active semiconductor optical waveguide. The results are in good agreement with published pump-probe measurements of gain and refractive index dynamics in laser amplifiers. In particular, an experimentally observed delay in carrier heating is explained, and spectral effects not previously considered are shown to be significant under typical experimental conditions. © 1994 American Institue of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 15 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Salmonid eggs were collected from spawning redds in the Norwegian rivers Alta, Gaula, and Driva in 1982. Their phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI; E.C. No. 5.3.1.9) patterns, as revealed by isoelectric focusing and histochemical staining, were compared to standard zymograms produced by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and trout (S. trutta L.) white skeletal muscle extracts, and to the zymogram in salmon eggs of known origin. In salmon, the egg zymogram was identical with that of muscle. Two types of zymograms, identical with either salmon or trout muscle zymograms and thus regarded as species-determinants, were observed among the eggs from wild fish. Their proportions in the three rivers were as expected from current knowledge of species composition. The present findings are related to previous reports on PGI expression in salmonids. The PGI zymograms are probably diagnostic keys to species for eggs from Norwegian stream-dwelling salmonids, including Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Some managemental implications of the present results are briefly discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2514-2516 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectrally resolved streak camera measurements of picosecond pulses emitted by hybridly colliding pulse mode-locked (CPM) laser diodes are presented in this letter. Depending on the modulation frequency both blue-chirped (upchirped) and red-chirped (downchirped) pulses can be observed. The two different regimes and the transition between them are characterized experimentally and the behavior is explained on the basis of our model for the CPM laser dynamics. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3877-3879 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The large signal dynamics of passively colliding pulse mode-locked laser diodes is studied. We derive a model which explains modelocking via the interplay of gain and loss dynamics; no bandwidth limiting element is necessary for pulse formation. It is found necessary to have both fast and slow absorber dynamics to achieve mode-locking. Significant chirp is predicted for pulses emitted from long lasers, in agreement with experiment. The pulse width shows a strong dependence on both cavity and saturable absorber length. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3236-3238 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A femtosecond four-wave mixing technique is used to measure the ultrafast coherent dynamics of the optical polarization in semiconductor optical amplifiers. A heterodyne detection scheme enables us to measure a background-free quasi-degenerate four-wave mixing signal even without spatial separation of the pump and probe beam. First results indicate that the polarization dephasing time close to the transparency point is on the order of 100 fs. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2708-2710 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pump-probe measurements in GaAs/GaAlAs waveguide saturable absorbers reveal an ultrafast transient in the absorption recovery dynamics, and a second slower signal before the final recovery. We present a model of the differential transmission measurements which includes high field and space charge effects in addition to the spectral hole burning and carrier heating typically found in semiconductor amplifiers. The results of the model indicate that field-induced carrier heating strongly influences the absorption dynamics in saturable absorbers used for mode-locked diode lasers. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 143-145 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An experimental and theoretical study of ultrafast gain dynamics in InGaAsP multiple quantum well laser amplifiers is presented. A transition from pump-induced heating of the carriers to pump-induced cooling is observed by change of the pump-probe wavelength. The experimental results are in good agreement with a theoretical model including the effects of carrier temperature dynamics, spectral holeburning, and two-photon absorption.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 449-451 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectral effects arising from linear gain dispersion are shown to strongly influence the ultrafast gain dynamics measured in active semiconductor waveguides using the pump-and-probe technique. Measurements on a AlGaAs amplifier under varying amounts of gain dispersion are in good agreement with a simple analytical theory derived from semiclassical density matrix equations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 944-946 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing processes in bulk semiconductor optical amplifiers are analyzed by comparing experimental data at detuning frequencies up to 3 THz with numerical calculations based on semiclassical density-matrix equations. Carrier heating and spectral holeburning are found to be dominant in mediating wave mixing in the THz region and lead to comparable contributions to nonlinear gain suppression in semiconductor lasers.
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