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  • 1995-1999  (411)
  • 1990-1994  (300)
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  • 1
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    Imaging of asteroid 433 eros during NEAR's flyby reconnaissance (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-27
    Description: During the 23 December 1998 flyby of asteroid 433 Eros, the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft obtained 222 images of Eros, as well as supporting spectral observations. The images cover slightly more than two-thirds of Eros (best resolution is approximately 400 meters per pixel) and reveal an elongated, cratered body with a linear feature extending for at least 20 kilometers. Our observations show that Eros has dimensions of 33 x 13 x 13 kilometers. The volume, combined with the mass determined by the NEAR radio science experiment, leads to a density of 2.5 +/- 0.8 grams per cubic centimeter. This relatively high density, and the presence of an extensive linear feature, suggest that Eros may be a structurally coherent body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veverka -- Thomas -- Bell 3rd -- Bell -- Carcich -- Clark -- Harch -- Joseph -- Martin -- Robinson -- Murchie -- Izenberg -- Hawkins -- Warren -- Farquhar -- Cheng -- Dunham -- Chapman -- Merline -- McFadden -- Wellnitz -- Malin -- Owen Jr -- Miller -- Williams -- et -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):562-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, 309 Locy Hall, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. Sou.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10417381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    HLA and HIV-1: heterozygote advantage and B*35-Cw*04 disadvantage (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-12
    Description: A selective advantage against infectious disease associated with increased heterozygosity at the human major histocompatibility complex [human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II] is believed to play a major role in maintaining the extraordinary allelic diversity of these genes. Maximum HLA heterozygosity of class I loci (A, B, and C) delayed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) onset among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1), whereas individuals who were homozygous for one or more loci progressed rapidly to AIDS and death. The HLA class I alleles B*35 and Cw*04 were consistently associated with rapid development of AIDS-defining conditions in Caucasians. The extended survival of 28 to 40 percent of HIV-1-infected Caucasian patients who avoided AIDS for ten or more years can be attributed to their being fully heterozygous at HLA class I loci, to their lacking the AIDS-associated alleles B*35 and Cw*04, or to both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carrington, M -- Nelson, G W -- Martin, M P -- Kissner, T -- Vlahov, D -- Goedert, J J -- Kaslow, R -- Buchbinder, S -- Hoots, K -- O'Brien, S J -- N01-CO-56000/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1748-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation Frederick, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10073943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/*immunology ; Adult ; Alleles ; Antigen Presentation ; Cohort Studies ; Disease Progression ; Ethnic Groups ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Long-Term Survivors/statistics & numerical data ; *Hiv-1 ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; HLA-B Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-C Antigens/*genetics ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Wound healing--aiming for perfect skin regeneration (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-04
    Description: The healing of an adult skin wound is a complex process requiring the collaborative efforts of many different tissues and cell lineages. The behavior of each of the contributing cell types during the phases of proliferation, migration, matrix synthesis, and contraction, as well as the growth factor and matrix signals present at a wound site, are now roughly understood. Details of how these signals control wound cell activities are beginning to emerge, and studies of healing in embryos have begun to show how the normal adult repair process might be readjusted to make it less like patching up and more like regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, P -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 4;276(5309):75-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. paul.martin@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9082989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Cicatrix/etiology ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Epidermis/cytology/embryology ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/physiology ; Growth Substances/physiology ; Hair/physiology ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/physiology ; Keratins/physiology ; Leukocytes/physiology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; *Regeneration ; Skin/blood supply/embryology/innervation ; *Skin Physiological Phenomena ; Sweat Glands/physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology ; *Wound Healing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Genetic acceleration of AIDS progression by a promoter variant of CCR5 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-04
    Description: The CCR5 gene encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor, with CD4, for macrophage-tropic (R5) strains of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Genetic association analysis of five cohorts of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) revealed that infected individuals homozygous for a multisite haplotype of the CCR5 regulatory region containing the promoter allele, CCR5P1, progress to AIDS more rapidly than those with other CCR5 promoter genotypes, particularly in the early years after infection. Composite genetic epidemiologic analyses of genotypes bearing CCR5P1, CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A affirmed distinct regulatory influences for each gene on AIDS progression. An estimated 10 to 17 percent of patients who develop AIDS within 3.5 years of HIV-1 infection do so because they are homozygous for CCR5P1/P1, and 7 to 13 percent of all people carry this susceptible genotype. The cumulative and interactive influence of these AIDS restriction genes illustrates the multigenic nature of host factors limiting AIDS disease progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, M P -- Dean, M -- Smith, M W -- Winkler, C -- Gerrard, B -- Michael, N L -- Lee, B -- Doms, R W -- Margolick, J -- Buchbinder, S -- Goedert, J J -- O'Brien, T R -- Hilgartner, M W -- Vlahov, D -- O'Brien, S J -- Carrington, M -- N01-CO-56000/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1907-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), National Cancer Institute, Frederick MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/mortality/*physiopathology ; Alleles ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Chemokines, CXC/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Disease Progression ; Genes, Dominant ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/genetics/physiopathology ; *Hiv-1 ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Receptors, CCR2 ; Receptors, CCR5/*genetics ; *Receptors, Chemokine ; Receptors, Cytokine/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Heterogeneous amino acids in Ras and Rap1A specifying sensitivity to GAP proteins (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-13
    Description: Guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of Ras is increased by interaction with Ras-GAP (GTPase-activating protein) or with the GAP-related domain of the type 1 neurofibromatosis protein (NF1-GRD), but Ras is not affected by interaction with cytoplasmic and membrane forms of Rap-GAP; Rap1A, whose effector function can suppress transformation by Ras, is sensitive to both forms of Rap-GAP and resistant to Ras-GAP and NF1-GRD. A series of chimeric proteins composed of portions of Ras and Rap were constructed; some were sensitive to Ras-GAP but resistant to NF1-GRD, and others were sensitive to cytoplasmic Rap-GAP but resistant to membrane Rap-GAP. Sensitivity of chimeras to Ras-GAP and cytoplasmic Rap-GAP was mediated by amino acids that are carboxyl-terminal to the effector region. Residues 61 to 65 of Ras conferred Ras-GAP sensitivity, but a larger number of Rap1A residues were required for sensitivity to cytoplasmic Rap-GAP. Chimeras carrying the Ras effector region that were sensitive only to Ras-GAP or only to cytoplasmic Rap-GAP transformed NIH 3T3 cells poorly. Thus, distinct amino acids of Ras and Rap1A mediate sensitivity to each of the proteins with GAP activity, and transforming potential of Ras and sensitivity of Ras to Ras-GAP are at least partially independent properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, K -- Papageorge, A G -- Martin, P -- Vass, W C -- Olah, Z -- Polakis, P G -- McCormick, F -- Lowy, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 13;254(5038):1630-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1749934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; In Vitro Techniques ; Proteins/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; rap GTP-Binding Proteins ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Copernicus: a regional probe of the lunar interior (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-07
    Description: Earth-based telescopic spectral imaging techniques were used to document the spatial distribution of crater materials within the large lunar crater Copernicus at the subkilometer scale on the basis of spectral ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared characteristics. The proposed spectral mixing analysis leads to a first-order mapping of the impact melt material within the crater. Olivine was detected not only within the three central peaks but also along a significant portion of the crater rim. Consideration of an olivine-bearing end-member in the mixing model emphasizes the overall morphological pattern of the rim and wall terraces in the associated fraction image. The identification of widely exposed olivine units supports the idea that the lower crust and possibly the lunar mantle itself are regionally at shallow depth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinet, P C -- Chevrel, S D -- Martin, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 7;260(5109):797-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Autitumoral effect of E1B defective adenoviruses in human malignant cells (1998)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0969-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-5462
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    New finds ofOmphalosaurus and a review of Triassic ichthyosaur paleobiogeography (1998)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-0220
    Electronic ISSN: 1867-6812
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Shape disassociation and inferred heterochrony in a clade of pachypleurosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) (1999)
    Paleontological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-01
    Description: In this paper we analyze the ontogenies of four species of pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) occurring in Triassic-age deposits in the Monte San Giorgio region, Switzerland. Preservation of multiple complete specimens representing a growth series from each taxon allows the comparison of ontogenetic trajectories through a space composed of nine variables important in the evolution of the clade. Trajectories are characterized using the multivariate generalization of the allometry equation and then compared through calculations of the angles between allometry vectors. Individual coefficients of vectors are compared after calculation of bootstrapped confidence intervals. Pachypleurosaur ontogeny is found to be allometric and generally conserved, although significant differences between taxa exist. Shape-disassociated allometric changes characterize the transition between Serpianosaurus and Neusticosaurus, while allometric changes within Neusticosaurus are less significant. N. edwardsii is inferred to have arisen through hypermorphosis. Interpretation of whole-body heterochrony in multivariate analysis is discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8373
    Electronic ISSN: 0094-8373
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Paleontological Society
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  • 10
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    Paleontological paradigms and inferences of phylogenetic pattern: a case study (1999)
    Paleontological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-01
    Description: In this paper we reconstruct the phylogeny of a clade of pachypleurosaurs (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) occurring in Triassic-age deposits in the Monte San Giorgio region, Switzerland. We also present the phylogeny of this clade as a case study for two paradigms of phylogeny reconstruction: cladistics and phenetic/stratigraphic methods. While this dichotomy is not held rigidly by all workers, its advancement by cladists leads us to retain it initially for rhetorical purposes. We review the philosophical bases of species, species concepts, and speciation, as well as cladograms and phylogenies, before introducing the experimental system.Data are presented from cladistic analyses, phenetic analyses, and stratigraphic information. Phylogeny of the clade is interpreted from both paradigms, and the interpretations are found to be inconsistent. Resolution of the phylogeny rests on the emphasis of one type of data over another. An interpretation of cladogenesis within the genusNeusticosaurusentails rejection of suggestive phenetic and stratigraphic data, whereas an anagenetic interpretation entails reversal of autapomorphies in ancestral taxa. Anagenesis is deemed to be the more probable interpretation, based on the strength of the stratigraphic and phenetic data relative to the character data. Implications of the test case results for phylogeny reconstruction in general are discussed, ending with a call for pluralism in approach.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8373
    Electronic ISSN: 0094-8373
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Paleontological Society
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