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  • Lepidoptera  (3)
  • Microspore embryogenesis  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High frequency production of doubled haploid plants of Brassica napus cv. Topas derived from colchicine-induced microspore embryogenesis without heat shock (1996)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1996), S. 668-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Chromosome doubling ; Colchicine ; Doubled haploids ; Microspore embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This report describes a very high genome doubling efficiency of Brassica napus cv. Topas plants, derived from microspores induced to undergo embryogenesis with a colchicine treatment, without the use of a heat treatment. The plants showed normal growth and development, and 90% were fertile. In contrast, only 6% of the plants derived from heat-induced embryos were fertile diploids. All cytological analysis of the progeny of fertile plants showed 2n=38 chromosomes. These results show that colchicine can simultaneously induce microspore embryogenesis and double the ploidy level to produce doubled haploid plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231921
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of embryogenesis with colchicine instead of heat in microspores ofBrassica napus L. cv. Topas (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 198 (1996), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Colchicine ; Heat shock ; Microspore embryogenesis ; Microtubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Prior to this report, heat treatment (32.5°C, 24 h) was the method used to induce embryogenesis fromBrassica napus microspores. Continuous culture at 25°C results in pollen development. This study shows that colchicine alone, at the non-inductive temperature of 25°C, can induce embryogenesis, thus demonstrating that heat shock is not required for embryogenic induction inB. napus cv. Topas. Embryogenic frequencies of over 15% were obtained by culturing isolated microspores with 25 μM colchicine for 42 h at 25°C. The microspore developmental stages responsive to colchicine were unicellular vacuolate and late unicellular, somewhat earlier stages than the population responsive to heat induction. Other groups have reported that heat-shock proteins are essential to the induction of embryogenesis. The present study offers a method of embryogenic induction without the use of heat which will allow discrimination between the factors associated with response to heat shock and those involved with changing cell development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620060
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular changes during heat shock induction and embryo development of cultured microspores ofBrassica napus cv. Topas (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 185 (1995), S. 106-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Embryogenesis ; Heat shock ; Induction ; Microspore embryogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Brassica napus cv. Topas microspores, isolated and cultured near the time of the first pollen mitosis and subjected to a heat treatment of 24 h, can be induced to develop into haploid embryos. This is a study of microspore structure during induction and embryo determination. Early during the 32.5 °C incubation period the nucleus moved away from the edge of the cell, and granules, 30 to 60 nm in diameter, appeared in the mitochondria and as a cluster in the cytoplasm. Cells divided symmetrically and at the end of the heat treatment, acquired the features of induced bicellular structures described previously. The features persisted as the cells divided randomly within the exine for 4–7 days following heat induction. Multicellular structures released from the exine underwent periclinal divisions resulting in protoderm differentiation of the globular embryo, thus determining embryo development. The cytoplasm of early heart-stage embryos contains abundant polyribosomes. Non-embryogenic development was indicated by large accumulations of starch and/or lipid and thickened cell walls or an unorganized pattern of cell division following release of the multicellular structures from the exine. Embryogenesis is discussed in terms of induction, embryo determination and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01272758
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect antifeedant activity associated with compounds isolated from species ofLonchocarpus andTephrosia (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 365-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spodoptera littoralis ; Spodoptera exempta ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Lonchocarpus, Tephrosia ; antifeedant ; feeding behavior ; gustatory codes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The antifeedant activity of a series of 21 chalcones, flavanes, and flavanones isolated from the generaLonchocarpus andTephrosia (Leguminosae) was assessed by behavioral and electrophysiological bioassays against larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis andS. exempta. The antifeedant activity is related to the molecular structure of the compounds, and possible modes of interaction with the insect taste receptors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021771
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental inhibition ofSpodoptera litura (Fab.) larvae by a novel caffeoylquinic acid from the wild groundnut,Arachis paraguariensis (Chod et Hassl.) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 2917-2933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spodoptera litura ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Arachis paraguariensis ; wild groundnuts ; caffeoylquinic acids ; resistance ; rutin ; quercetin ; phenolics ; growth inhibition ; Arachis hypogaea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A novel compound, 1-caffeoyl-4-deoxyquinic acid (1-CdQA) has been identified along with 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) (syn. chlorogenic acid) in the foliage ofArachis paraguariensis, a wild species of groundnut that is highly resistant to attack by the larvae ofSpodoptera litura. When neonate larvae were fed on diets treated with 3-CQA or 1-CdQA, their development was severely inhibited compared to larvae on untreated diets, and the effects were similar in nature and magnitude to those observed for larvae feeding on diets treated with 5-CQA, rutin, and quercetin. The effects of all the compounds were dose related, and their optimal concentration was approximately 3 mM, which corresponds to the total foliar concentration of both caffeoylquinic acids and quercetin diglycosides inA. paraguariensis. After 24 h, the development of third stadium larvae feeding on diets treated with 5-CQA, rutin and 1-CdQA was promoted compared to larvae on control diets, but after 96 hr larvae feeding on treated diets had gained significantly less weight than those on the control diets. 1-CdQA, 3-CQA, and quercetin dyglycosides (previously identified in the foliage ofA. paraguariensis) are considered to be valuable components in resistance of groundnuts toS. litura and may provide useful genetic markers in future breeding for resistance to this pest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980592
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral and electrophysiological study of antifeedant mechanisms associated with polyhydroxy alkaloids (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3167-3196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spodoptera littoralis ; Spodoptera exempta ; Heliothis virescens ; Helicoverpa armigera ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; polyhydroxy alkaloids ; piperidine ; pyrrolidine ; castanospermine ; swainsonine ; alexine ; fagomine ; behavior ; electrophysiology ; receptor mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eleven polyhydroxy alkaloids of plant origin were tested for anti-feedant effects against larvae of the lepidopteransSpodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera frugiperda, Heliothis virescens, andHelicoverpa armigera. Data from behavioral and electrophysiological investigations were correlated to reveal information on the mode of action of the antifeedants. The pyrrolidine DMDP was an effective antifeedant for all four species, whereas the piperidines fagomine and XZ-1 and the pyrrolizidine alexine were all ineffective as antifeedants. The activity of the pyrrolidines CYB-3 and DAB-1, the piperidines DNJ, DMJ, and BR1, and the bicyclic octahydroindolizine castanospermine varied among species. The investigation focuses on the structural similarities between some of the alkaloids and some common phagostimulatory sugars and illustrates a neural interaction involving the neurons that are differentially responsive to alkaloids and sugars. InS. littoralis, the neurons responding specifically to the alkaloids DMDP, DAB-1, and castanospermine and to the sugars fructose, sucrose, and glucose are more active when the compounds are applied singly than when an alkaloid and a sugar are applied together. The implications for the occurrence and functioning of different sugar receptor sites are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979618
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