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  • Chemistry  (24)
  • Flexural fatigue  (1)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (24)
  • Springer  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1990-1994  (18)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (24)
  • Springer  (1)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniaxial and biaxial flexural fatigue of glass reinforced inter-penetrated network polymer composites (1994)
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 19-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: Flexural fatigue ; Glass reinforced composites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions Flexural fatigue of uniaxially and biaxially stressed IPN/glass mat composites was investigated using four point bend (4PB) and concentrically loaded (CL) specimen geometries. Regions of nearly constant bending moment between the inner spans of a 4PB beam and within the inner annulus of a CL circular plate yield quasi-uniform uniaxial and biaxial stress, respectively, on the tensile faces. The specimen dimensions were optimized for both loading geometries to give: (1) reduced specimen deflection through maximizing the ratio of the induced tensile stresses to the applied load, (2) minimized contact stresses by maximizing the induced stress with respect to the unit contact load, and (3) a large material volume exposed to the maximum cyclic stress (i.e., statistical fracture initiation). A power model was used to analyze the fatigue data for the 4PB and CL specimens. Both IPN composite materials studied fatigued more rapidly under the more severe loading conditions imposed by the CL specimen geometry. Fractography revealed that debond fracture was the dominant damage process for both geometries. The initial debond cracks were uniformly distributed throughout the stressed regions, confirming the presence of nearly uniform tensile stress. Damage localization followed after further cycling and was characterized by a locally high debond fracture density, fiber fracture, and always occurred where several glass strands crossed near the specimen surface. Final specimen failure resulted from the preferential growth of dominant cracks through the specimen thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567209
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic-mechanical and dielectric characterization of PEEK crystallization (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 314-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic-mechanical and dielectric characterization of the cold crystallization of PEEK has been performed in order to develop a non-destructive evaluation method of crystallinity in thermoplastic matrices. The Avrami approach is applied here to describe the Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) crystallization kinetics after an appropriate reduction of dynamic-mechanical and dielectric parameters. Avrami exponents obtained from dielectric characterization are comparable with those obtained with DSC measurements reported in literature, while the exponents obtained from the dynamic-mechanical characterization are higher, reflecting also changes in the aspect ratio of the growing crystals. Variations in the glass transition temperature detected during cold crystallization are analyzed and analogies between PEEK and PET are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300509
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric characterization of water sorption in epoxy resin matrices (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Water sorption in epoxy based materials was analyzed by dielectric spectroscopy using remote sensors. A method to determine diffusion coefficients from the changes in permittivity during water absorption is proposed and was verified experimentally by comparison with standard water gain measurements. Although the technique is limited by electrode polarization phenomena, it is sensitive to the presence of water molecules and is capable of detecting different levels of water concentration as a function of frequency. The utilization of remote sensors demonstrated the capability of dielectric analysis to be applied both in the laboratory environment, and on a larger scale, as a nondestructive technique for monitoring environmental changes in actual polymer matrix composite parts.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760330204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ composite: Phenolphthalein polyethersulfone - thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer blends (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 658-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Phase behavior, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties plus morphology have been studied for a binary polymer blend. The blend is phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) with a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP), a condensation copolymer of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethylene terephthalate (PHB-PET). It was found that these two polymers from optically isotropic and homogeneous blends by means of a solvent casting method. The homogeneous blends undergo phase separation during heat treatment. However, melt mixed PES-C/PHB-PET blends were heterogeneous based upon DSC and DMA analysis and SEM examination. Addition of LCP in PES-C resulted in a marked reduction of melt viscosity and thus improved processability. Compared to pure PES-C, the charpy impact strength of the blend containing 2.5% LCP increased 2.5 times. Synergistic effects were also observed for the mechanical properties of blends containing 〈 10% LCP. Particulates, ribbons, and fibrils were found to be the typical morphological units of PHB-PET in the PES-C matrix, which depended upon the concentration of LCP and the processing conditions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350805
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water transport in a polyketone terpolymer (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1365-1370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyketone terpolymer ; water vapor ; permeation ; clustering ; sorption ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Water transport in a polyketone terpolymer was analyzed performing both sorption and permeation experiments. Water vapor sorption tests were conducted at four temperatures (35, 45, 55, and 65°C) and at several activities. The analysis of sorption isotherms revealed the occurrence of water clustering. A reduction of the endothermicity of mixing as the amount of sorbed water increased was observed which is consistent with significant association of penetrant molecules in the polymer. Permeation experiments performed at 35°C at upstream pressures ranging from 4 to 25 Torr showed evidence of a reduction in water diffusivity as function of sorbed water concentration which is a typical indication of penetrant aggregation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330906
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical characterization of incompatible blends of polymethylmethacrylate and polycaprolactone (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 2691-2704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blends of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) were prepared and characterized. The analysis of the glass transition temperature indicates no compatibility of the two polymers, which segregated into two distinct phases. The fracture strength of the blends can be explained on the basis of a constitutive model of spheres of PCL embedded in a PMMA matrix. The trend of water sorption confirms the hypothesis of phase segregation of PCL in the glassy matrix of PMMA.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070411116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-transport properties of ethylene/propylene/carbon monoxide polyketone terpolymer (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 1261-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The demand for heat-stable and easily processable polymeric materials with good gasbarrier properties is becoming more and more important due to the advent of new technological applications in the field of food packaging. A renewed interest has arisen for a polyketone class of polymers, which seems to fulfill these requirements. Our attention has been focused on a polyketone terpolymer (0.93 : 0.07 : 1 ethylene/propylene/carbon monoxide) in order to determine the transport properties and to relate them to the polymer structure. Permeability tests have been performed at three different temperatures (25, 35, and 45°C) with three different gases (helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide). Permeabilities, diffusivities, and solubilities have been evaluated. Their dependence on temperature was interpreted on the basis of permeation and diffusion apparent activation energies (Ep and Ed) and of heats of solution (ΔHs). The investigated polymer has been found to be rubbery at the test temperature (glass transition temperature is about 17°C), but the detected permeabilities are comparable to those of glassy polymers widely used for packaging applications. The experimentally determined diffusion coefficients have been related to the semicrystalline nature of the polymer and to the different dimensions of the gas adopted in the investigation. The gas-solubility coefficients determined from permeability measurements were related to the force constant of the gas molecules in the Lennard-Jones (6-12) potential field equation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500717
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate)/Poly-L-lactide blends: Thermal and mechanical properties (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1525-1535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(L-lactides) (PLLA) have been prepared by solvent casting. Compatibility, thermal behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of systems with various compositions were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical measurement, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wide-angle X ray (WAXS). Glass transition temperature of solvent cast materials, detected by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), showed partial molecular interactions between PHBV and PLLA. Crystallinity of the PLLA phase slightly decreased with increasing amount of PHBV, confirming the partial dispersion of PLLA in the PHBV phase. Mechanical properties were analyzed with theoretical models able to predict the behavior of heterogeneous systems. Phase separation was confirmed by SEM observations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070541017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water sorption in cellulose-based hydrogels (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 2403-2407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sorption of distilled water in a cellulose-based hydrogel is presented. The examined system is based on a mixture of sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, crosslinked with divinilsulphone. The effect of chemical composition, manufacturing procedures, as well as desiccation protocols on equilibrium water uptake was investigated. Experimental results were interpreted in terms of crosslinking density, presence of ionic groups on the backbone, as well as macroscopic sample morphology detected by electron scanning microscopy. The reported results evidence the possibility to bias the process parameters in order to obtain hydrogels characterized by the desired water sorption levels. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas transport through ethylene-acrylic acid ionomers (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1269-1280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: ionomer ; permeation ; diffusion ; sorption ; gas ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Transport properties of several gases in two ethylene-acrylic acid ionomers characterized by a different amount of acrylic acid groups and percentage of neutralization have been investigated. Sorption and permeation experiments have been performed with N2, O2, CO2, CH4, C2 H6, and SF6 in the 25-65°C range and with C3H8 only at 25°C. Gas permeabilities, diffusivities, and solubilities were evaluated along with activation energies and heats of solution. Data obtained in the present investigation were compared to analogous results reported in literature for polyethylene to better highlight the effect of ionic aggregates on the gas transport mechanism. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330812
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