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  • Mutation  (259)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (259)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1995-1999  (158)
  • 1990-1994  (90)
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1945-1949
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (259)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Springer  (6)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-11-21
    Description: The hypothesis that quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes carrying proviral DNA provide a reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was examined. In a study of 22 patients successfully treated with HAART for up to 30 months, replication-competent virus was routinely recovered from resting CD4+ T lymphocytes. The frequency of resting CD4+ T cells harboring latent HIV-1 was low, 0.2 to 16.4 per 10(6) cells, and, in cross-sectional analysis, did not decrease with increasing time on therapy. The recovered viruses generally did not show mutations associated with resistance to the relevant antiretroviral drugs. This reservoir of nonevolving latent virus in resting CD4+ T cells should be considered in deciding whether to terminate treatment in patients who respond to HAART.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finzi, D -- Hermankova, M -- Pierson, T -- Carruth, L M -- Buck, C -- Chaisson, R E -- Quinn, T C -- Chadwick, K -- Margolick, J -- Brookmeyer, R -- Gallant, J -- Markowitz, M -- Ho, D D -- Richman, D D -- Siliciano, R F -- AI23871/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI27670/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI28108/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1295-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9360927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*virology ; Cell Separation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology ; HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mutation ; Proviruses/physiology ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Time Factors ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Integration ; *Virus Latency ; *Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) were obtained from a 550-kilobase region that contains three probes previously mapped as very close to the locus of the fragile X syndrome. These YACs spanned the fragile site in Xq27.3 as shown by fluorescent in situ hybridization. An internal 200-kilobase segment contained four chromosomal breakpoints generated by induction of fragile X expression. A single CpG island was identified in the cloned region between markers DXS463 and DXS465 that appears methylated in mentally retarded fragile X males, but not in nonexpressing male carriers of the mutation nor in normal males. This CpG island may indicate the presence of a gene involved in the clinical phenotype of the syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heitz, D -- Rousseau, F -- Devys, D -- Saccone, S -- Abderrahim, H -- Le Paslier, D -- Cohen, D -- Vincent, A -- Toniolo, D -- Della Valle, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1236-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2006411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Fungal ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Probes ; *Dinucleoside Phosphates ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reference Values ; Restriction Mapping ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *X Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1997-07-11
    Description: Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease, a fatal neurovisceral disorder, is characterized by lysosomal accumulation of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol. By positional cloning methods, a gene (NPC1) with insertion, deletion, and missense mutations has been identified in NP-C patients. Transfection of NP-C fibroblasts with wild-type NPC1 cDNA resulted in correction of their excessive lysosomal storage of LDL cholesterol, thereby defining the critical role of NPC1 in regulation of intracellular cholesterol trafficking. The 1278-amino acid NPC1 protein has sequence similarity to the morphogen receptor PATCHED and the putative sterol-sensing regions of SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carstea, E D -- Morris, J A -- Coleman, K G -- Loftus, S K -- Zhang, D -- Cummings, C -- Gu, J -- Rosenfeld, M A -- Pavan, W J -- Krizman, D B -- Nagle, J -- Polymeropoulos, M H -- Sturley, S L -- Ioannou, Y A -- Higgins, M E -- Comly, M -- Cooney, A -- Brown, A -- Kaneski, C R -- Blanchette-Mackie, E J -- Dwyer, N K -- Neufeld, E B -- Chang, T Y -- Liscum, L -- Strauss, J F 3rd -- Ohno, K -- Zeigler, M -- Carmi, R -- Sokol, J -- Markie, D -- O'Neill, R R -- van Diggelen, O P -- Elleder, M -- Patterson, M C -- Brady, R O -- Vanier, M T -- Pentchev, P G -- Tagle, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 11;277(5323):228-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9211849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/chemistry ; Insect Proteins/chemistry ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Niemann-Pick Diseases/*genetics/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transfection
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1997-08-08
    Description: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the widespread development of distinctive tumors termed hamartomas. TSC-determining loci have been mapped to chromosomes 9q34 (TSC1) and 16p13 (TSC2). The TSC1 gene was identified from a 900-kilobase region containing at least 30 genes. The 8.6-kilobase TSC1 transcript is widely expressed and encodes a protein of 130 kilodaltons (hamartin) that has homology to a putative yeast protein of unknown function. Thirty-two distinct mutations were identified in TSC1, 30 of which were truncating, and a single mutation (2105delAAAG) was seen in six apparently unrelated patients. In one of these six, a somatic mutation in the wild-type allele was found in a TSC-associated renal carcinoma, which suggests that hamartin acts as a tumor suppressor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Slegtenhorst, M -- de Hoogt, R -- Hermans, C -- Nellist, M -- Janssen, B -- Verhoef, S -- Lindhout, D -- van den Ouweland, A -- Halley, D -- Young, J -- Burley, M -- Jeremiah, S -- Woodward, K -- Nahmias, J -- Fox, M -- Ekong, R -- Osborne, J -- Wolfe, J -- Povey, S -- Snell, R G -- Cheadle, J P -- Jones, A C -- Tachataki, M -- Ravine, D -- Sampson, J R -- Reeve, M P -- Richardson, P -- Wilmer, F -- Munro, C -- Hawkins, T L -- Sepp, T -- Ali, J B -- Ward, S -- Green, A J -- Yates, J R -- Kwiatkowska, J -- Henske, E P -- Short, M P -- Haines, J H -- Jozwiak, S -- Kwiatkowski, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 8;277(5327):805-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University and University Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9242607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; Exons ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Tuberous Sclerosis/*genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1998-12-04
    Description: Tau proteins aggregate as cytoplasmic inclusions in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and hereditary frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Over 10 exonic and intronic mutations in the tau gene have been identified in about 20 FTDP-17 families. Analyses of soluble and insoluble tau proteins from brains of FTDP-17 patients indicated that different pathogenic mutations differentially altered distinct biochemical properties and stoichiometry of brain tau isoforms. Functional assays of recombinant tau proteins with different FTDP-17 missense mutations implicated all but one of these mutations in disease pathogenesis by reducing the ability of tau to bind microtubules and promote microtubule assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hong, M -- Zhukareva, V -- Vogelsberg-Ragaglia, V -- Wszolek, Z -- Reed, L -- Miller, B I -- Geschwind, D H -- Bird, T D -- McKeel, D -- Goate, A -- Morris, J C -- Wilhelmsen, K C -- Schellenberg, G D -- Trojanowski, J Q -- Lee, V M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1914-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Dementia/*genetics/metabolism ; Frontal Lobe/metabolism ; Humans ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Solubility ; Syndrome ; tau Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1999-07-03
    Description: Epithelia permit selective and regulated flux from apical to basolateral surfaces by transcellular passage through cells or paracellular flux between cells. Tight junctions constitute the barrier to paracellular conductance; however, little is known about the specific molecules that mediate paracellular permeabilities. Renal magnesium ion (Mg2+) resorption occurs predominantly through a paracellular conductance in the thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL). Here, positional cloning has identified a human gene, paracellin-1 (PCLN-1), mutations in which cause renal Mg2+ wasting. PCLN-1 is located in tight junctions of the TAL and is related to the claudin family of tight junction proteins. These findings provide insight into Mg2+ homeostasis, demonstrate the role of a tight junction protein in human disease, and identify an essential component of a selective paracellular conductance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, D B -- Lu, Y -- Choate, K A -- Velazquez, H -- Al-Sabban, E -- Praga, M -- Casari, G -- Bettinelli, A -- Colussi, G -- Rodriguez-Soriano, J -- McCredie, D -- Milford, D -- Sanjad, S -- Lifton, R P -- F.1/Telethon/Italy -- R01DK51696/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- TGM06S01/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):103-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10390358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium/urine ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics ; Claudins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/*genetics/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/chemistry ; Loop of Henle/chemistry/*metabolism ; Magnesium/blood/*metabolism ; Magnesium Deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/analysis/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Tight Junctions/*metabolism
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: The mouse Clock gene encodes a bHLH-PAS protein that regulates circadian rhythms and is related to transcription factors that act as heterodimers. Potential partners of CLOCK were isolated in a two-hybrid screen, and one, BMAL1, was coexpressed with CLOCK and PER1 at known circadian clock sites in brain and retina. CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers activated transcription from E-box elements, a type of transcription factor-binding site, found adjacent to the mouse per1 gene and from an identical E-box known to be important for per gene expression in Drosophila. Mutant CLOCK from the dominant-negative Clock allele and BMAL1 formed heterodimers that bound DNA but failed to activate transcription. Thus, CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers appear to drive the positive component of per transcriptional oscillations, which are thought to underlie circadian rhythmicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gekakis, N -- Staknis, D -- Nguyen, H B -- Davis, F C -- Wilsbacher, L D -- King, D P -- Takahashi, J S -- Weitz, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1564-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA. 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Biological Clocks ; CLOCK Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; DNA/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Feedback ; Gene Expression ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Retina/metabolism ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1997-11-21
    Description: In evaluating current combination drug regimens for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, it is important to determine the existence of viral reservoirs. After depletion of CD8 cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both patients and normal donors, activation of patient CD4 lymphocytes with immobilized antibodies to CD3 and CD28 enabled the isolation of virus from PBMCs of six patients despite the suppression of their plasma HIV RNA to fewer than 50 copies per milliliter for up to 2 years. Partial sequencing of HIV pol revealed no new drug resistance mutations or discernible evolution, providing evidence for viral latency rather than drug failure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, J K -- Hezareh, M -- Gunthard, H F -- Havlir, D V -- Ignacio, C C -- Spina, C A -- Richman, D D -- AI 01361/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 27670/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 38858/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9360926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*virology ; Coculture Techniques ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology ; HIV-1/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Indinavir/therapeutic use ; Lamivudine/therapeutic use ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mutation ; RNA, Viral/analysis/blood ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/virology ; Viral Load ; Viremia/*drug therapy/virology ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency ; Virus Replication ; Zidovudine/therapeutic use
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: Although isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) is widely used for the treatment of tuberculosis, its molecular target has remained elusive. In response to INH treatment, saturated hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) accumulated on a 12-kilodalton acyl carrier protein (AcpM) that normally carried mycolic acid precursors as long as C50. A protein species purified from INH-treated Mycobacterium tuberculosis was shown to consist of a covalent complex of INH, AcpM, and a beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase, KasA. Amino acid-altering mutations in the KasA protein were identified in INH-resistant patient isolates that lacked other mutations associated with resistance to this drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mdluli, K -- Slayden, R A -- Zhu, Y -- Ramaswamy, S -- Pan, X -- Mead, D -- Crane, D D -- Musser, J M -- Barry, C E 3rd -- AI37004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AI000783-11/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1607-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tuberculosis Research Unit, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics ; Acyl Carrier Protein/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antitubercular Agents/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Isoniazid/*pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics ; Mycolic Acids/metabolism ; Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Up-Regulation
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-07-13
    Description: T cell hybridomas that express zeta zeta, but not zeta eta, dimers in their T cell receptors (TCRs) produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and undergo an inhibition of spontaneous growth when activated by antigen, antibodies to the receptor, or antibodies to Thy-1. Hybridomas without zeta and eta were reconstituted with mutated zeta chains. Cytoplasmic truncations of up to 40% of the zeta molecule reconstituted normal surface assembly of TCRs, but antigen-induced IL-2 secretion and growth inhibition were lost. In contrast, cross-linking antibodies to the TCR activated these cells. A point mutation conferred the same signaling phenotype as did the truncations and caused defective antigen-induced tyrosine kinase activation. Thus zeta allows the binding of antigen/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to alpha beta to effect TCR signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, S J -- Niklinska, B B -- Orloff, D G -- Mercep, M -- Ashwell, J D -- Klausner, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 13;249(4965):174-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2371564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Hybridomas ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunoblotting ; Interleukin-2/*biosynthesis ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/genetics/*immunology ; Precipitin Tests ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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