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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The grain size effects on the photoluminescence of ZnO/α-Al2O3 grown by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3573-3575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: ZnO thin films were epitaxially grown on α-Al2O3 (0001) substrate by radio-frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. Among the ZnO films deposited at 550 °C, the film deposited at 80 W has the narrowest full width half maximum (FWHM) of x-ray diffraction (XRD) θ-rocking curve, 0.16°, indicating a highly c-axis oriented columnar structure. The FWHM of XRD θ-rocking curve of the ZnO film deposited at 120 W and 600 °C was 0.13° with a minimum channeling yield, 4%–5%. In photoluminescence (PL) measurement, only the sharp near band edge emission was observed at room temperature (RT). The FWHM of PL peak was decreased from 133 to 89 meV as rf power increased from 80 to 120 W at 550 °C, and that of film deposited at 120 W and 600 °C showed 76 meV which is lower value than any other ever reported. These PL results were somewhat opposite to that of XRD. From transmission electron microscopy analysis, grain size and defects were found to affect the PL properties. In this study, the PL property of undoped ZnO thin films is discussed in terms of the crystalline structure and the size of grain. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372383
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chaotic analysis of predictability versus knowledge discovery techniques: case study of the Polish stock market (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 19 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Increasing evidence over the past decade indicates that financial markets exhibit nonlinear dynamics in the form of chaotic behavior. Traditionally, the prediction of stock markets has relied on statistical methods including multivariate statistical methods, autoregressive integrated moving average models and autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models. In recent years, neural networks and other knowledge techniques have been applied extensively to the task of predicting financial variables.This paper examines the relationship between chaotic models and learning techniques. In particular, chaotic analysis indicates the upper limits of predictability for a time series. The learning techniques involve neural networks and case–based reasoning. The chaotic models take the form of R/S analysis to measure persistence in a time series, the correlation dimension to encapsulate system complexity, and Lyapunov exponents to indicate predictive horizons. The concepts are illustrated in the context of a major emerging market, namely the Polish stock market.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00213
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Extraction of Trading Rules From Stock Market Data Using Rough Sets (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 18 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: We propose the rough set approach to the extraction of trading rules for discriminating between bullish and bearish patterns in the stock market. Rough set theory is quite valuable for extracting trading rules because it can be used to discover dependences in data while reducing the effect of superfluous factors in noisy data. In addition, it does not generate a signal to trade when the pattern of the market is uncertain because the selection of reducts and the extraction of rules are controlled by the strength of each reduct and rule. The experimental results are encouraging and show the usefulness of the rough set approach for stock market analysis with respect to profitability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00174
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-resistance and nonalloyed ohmic contacts to plasma treated ZnO (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3842-3844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-resistance and nonalloyed ohmic contacts to epitaxially grown n-ZnO were formed by exposing n-ZnO to an inductively coupled hydrogen and an argon plasma. Using Ti/Au, the specific contact resistivity of the ohmic contact was drastically decreased from 7.3×10−3 to 4.3×10−5 Ω cm2 by hydrogen plasma treatment. The photoluminescence spectrum of the hydrogen plasma treated ZnO showed a large enhancement in band-edge emission and a strong suppression in deep-level emission. These results suggest that the low contact resistivity can be attributed to an increase in carrier concentration on the ZnO surface. The specific contact resistivity of the Ar-plasma treated sample was also decreased to 5.0×10−4 Ω cm2, presumably due to the formation of shallow donor on the ZnO surface by ion bombardment. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379061
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A feeding trial of three protein levels (30, 40 and 50%) and two energy levels (300 and 400 kcal/100-g diet) factorial design with three replications was carried out to investigate the proper dietary protein and energy levels for the growth of juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Weight gain of fish tended to improve with increasing dietary protein level. Weight gain of fish fed either the 40% or 50% protein diet with 300 kcal/100-g diet was significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) than with 400 kcal/100-g diet. The best weight gain was obtained from fish fed the 50% protein diet with 300 kcal/100-g diet. Feed efficiency tended to improve with increasing dietary protein level. However, dietary energy level had no significant effect on feed efficiency of fish fed the 30% or 50% protein diet, but that of fish fed the 40% protein diet with 300 kcal/100-g diet was significantly higher than with 400 kcal/100-g diet. Protein retention tended to increase as dietary protein level increased and energy level decreased. Lipid content of fish fed the diet containing 400 kcal/100-g diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the diet containing 300 kcal/100-g diet at all protein levels. Fatty acid compositions such as linoleic acid, EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3) offish were directly affected by dietary lipid (squid liver oil and/or soybean oil) used for energy source. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the proper dietary protein and energy levels for the growth of juvenile flounder are 50% and 300 kcal/100-g diet, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2000.tb00882.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simplified model for the Briggs–Rauscher reaction mechanism (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 2710-2717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A model for the Briggs–Rauscher reaction mechanism with four intermediates and seven steps is proposed by simplifying the model of De Kepper and Epstein [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 49 (1982)]. Assigning suitable rate constants for the steps of the simplified model, we obtain numerical results for the nonlinear dynamic behaviors such as oscillations, limit cycle, multistability, and inverse regulation of the iodine concentration. The results are compared with experiments and other previous models. The comparison shows that the present simplified model expresses the nonlinear dynamic behaviors better than the previous models. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1491243
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential energy surfaces for the photochemical reactions Ca*+H2→CaH+H (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 589-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Six 1A′ potential energy surfaces of the Ca+H2 system have been calculated using an effective-core potential and a core-polarization potential for Ca. Large configuration interactions were performed to ensure accurate energies and wave functions. The 2 1A′ surface, made from Ca(4s3d, 1D), has a very stable intermediate, and crosses with the ground state (1 1A′) potential energy surface in C2v geometry. A diabatic coupling between these two can result in the CaH product. Three potential surfaces originating from Ca(4s3d, 1D) and two potential surfaces originating from Ca(4s4p, 1P) are well separated at low energy region, suggesting that the reaction product CaH from the Ca(4s4p, 1P) state via nonadiabatic transition to the Ca(4s3d, 1D) surface is very unlikely. Other possible routes of producing CaH from the Ca(4s4p, 1P) state also appear quite improbable in the single collision process. The wave function analysis does not show any sign of electron transfer from the metal atom to the hydrogen molecule in the reactant stage, which implies that the harpooning model does not apply to this reaction.© 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1425407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Essentiality of Dietary n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Juvenile Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study was conducted to confirm the essentiality of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, liver, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder. Three replicate groups of fish (average weighing 3.0 g) were fed experimental diets containing lauric acid ethyl ester, soybean oil, soybean and linseed oils mixture, and squid liver oil as lipid sources for 13 wk. No significant difference was observed in survival among all groups (P 〉0.05). Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the squid liver oil diet containing high n-3 HUFA level were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets (P 0.05). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids of liver polar and neutral lipid fractions in fish fed the diet containing lauric acid tended to increase compared to those of the other groups. Fish fed the diets containing soybean and/or linseed oils, which contained high contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, respectively, showed the highest contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in both lipid fractions of the liver (P 0.05). Significantly higher content of n-3 HUFA was observed in both lipid fractions of the liver from fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil than for fish fed the other diets (P 0.05). Total cholesterol, glucose, and glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase in plasma were significantly affected by dietary lipids (P 0.05). Histologically, the liver of fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil had a clear distinction between nuclear and cytoplasm membranes; however, cytoplasm of fish fed the diets containing lauric acid and soybean oil was shrunken, and the hepatic cell outline was indistinguishable. It is concluded that the dietary n-3 HUFA is essential for normal growth, and that the dietary lipid sources affect growth performance, liver cell property, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00022.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Coating on Sodium Hydroxide-Pretreated Titanium Substrate by Electrodeposition (2004)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study examined the characteristics of calcium phosphate coatings deposited on a NaOH-pretreated titanium substrate by electrodeposition in a modified simulated body fluid (SBF) immediately after electrodeposition as well as after the coatings had been immersed in the SBF for 5 d in order to determine the effects of a NaOH pretreatment on the bioactive coating prior to electrodeposition. The results showed that a dense and uniform coating that consisted of brushite and hydroxyapatite had formed on the NaOH-pretreated titanium substrate by electrodeposition. This coating had transformed to a bonelike apatite during immersion in the SBF. This was attributed to the increased surface area of the modified titanium formed after the NaOH treatment as well as the Na+ ions released from that surface. Therefore, a NaOH pretreatment is recommended as an effective method for preparing a bioactive calcium phosphate coating by electrodeposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.01792.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Non-Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Glass as a Bone Substitute (2003)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 254-256 (Dec. 2003), p. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/47/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.254-256.185.pdf
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