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  • 1
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    Prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in rats by CDK inhibitors (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: Most traditional cytotoxic anticancer agents ablate the rapidly dividing epithelium of the hair follicle and induce alopecia (hair loss). Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), a positive regulator of eukaryotic cell cycle progression, may represent a therapeutic strategy for prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) by arresting the cell cycle and reducing the sensitivity of the epithelium to many cell cycle-active antitumor agents. Potent small-molecule inhibitors of CDK2 were developed using structure-based methods. Topical application of these compounds in a neonatal rat model of CIA reduced hair loss at the site of application in 33 to 50% of the animals. Thus, inhibition of CDK2 represents a potentially useful approach for the prevention of CIA in cancer patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, S T -- Benson, B G -- Bramson, H N -- Chapman, D E -- Dickerson, S H -- Dold, K M -- Eberwein, D J -- Edelstein, M -- Frye, S V -- Gampe Jr, R T -- Griffin, R J -- Harris, P A -- Hassell, A M -- Holmes, W D -- Hunter, R N -- Knick, V B -- Lackey, K -- Lovejoy, B -- Luzzio, M J -- Murray, D -- Parker, P -- Rocque, W J -- Shewchuk, L -- Veal, J M -- Walker, D H -- Kuyper, L F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. std41085@glaxowellcome.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alopecia/*chemically induced/*prevention & control ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antineoplastic Agents/*toxicity ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/toxicity ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cyclophosphamide/toxicity ; Cytoprotection/drug effects ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Doxorubicin/toxicity ; Drug Design ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Epithelium/drug effects ; Etoposide/toxicity ; Hair Follicle/cytology/*drug effects ; Humans ; Indoles/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Rats ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Scalp/transplantation ; Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The ecology of genetically modified mosquitoes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: Ecological and population biology issues constitute serious challenges to the application of genetically modified mosquitos (GMM) for disease control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, Thomas W -- Takken, Willem -- Knols, Bart G J -- Boete, Christophe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. twscott@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aedes/*genetics/physiology/virology ; Animals ; Anopheles/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Child ; Dengue/prevention & control/transmission ; Ecology ; Environment ; Genetics, Population ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/parasitology/physiology/virology ; Insecticides ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; *Organisms, Genetically Modified ; Pest Control, Biological ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A link between virulence and ecological abundance in natural populations of Staphylococcus aureus (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-09
    Description: Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of severe infection in humans and yet is carried without symptoms by a large proportion of the population. We used multilocus sequence typing to characterize isolates of S. aureus recovered from asymptomatic nasal carriage and from episodes of severe disease within a defined population. We identified a number of frequently carried genotypes that were disproportionately common as causes of disease, even taking into account their relative abundance among carriage isolates. The existence of these ecologically abundant hypervirulent clones suggests that factors promoting the ecological fitness of this important pathogen also increase its virulence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Day, N P -- Moore, C E -- Enright, M C -- Berendt, A R -- Smith, J M -- Murphy, M F -- Peacock, S J -- Spratt, B G -- Feil, E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):114-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. nick.day@ndm.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carrier State/*microbiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology ; Cross Infection/microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Nose/microbiology ; Point Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Staphylococcal Infections/*microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/*genetics/isolation & ; purification/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Erasing the world's slow stain: strategies to beat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR) is perceived as a growing hazard to human health worldwide. Judgments about the true scale of the problem, and strategies for containing it, need to come from a balanced appraisal of the epidemiological evidence. We conclude in this review that MDR is, and will probably remain, a locally severe problem; that epidemics can be prevented by fully exploiting the potential of standard short-course chemotherapy (SCC) based on cheap and safe first-line drugs; and that best-practice SCC may even reduce the incidence of MDR where it has already become endemic. On the basis of the available, imperfect data, we recommend a three-part response to the threat of MDR: widespread implementation of SCC as the cornerstone of good tuberculosis control, improved resistance testing and surveillance, and the careful introduction of second-line drugs after a sound evaluation of cost, effectiveness, and feasibility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dye, Christopher -- Williams, Brian G -- Espinal, Marcos A -- Raviglione, Mario C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2042-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. dyec@who.int〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; *Global Health ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/physiology ; *Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug ; therapy/epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Antiretroviral drugs for tuberculosis control in the era of HIV/AIDS (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has dramatically increased the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in subSaharan Africa, where up to 60% of TB patients are coinfected with HIV and each year 200,000 TB deaths are attributable to HIV coinfection. Now HIV threatens control of TB in Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can prevent TB by preserving immunity, but cohort analysis shows that early therapy, plus high levels of coverage and compliance, will be needed to avert a significant fraction of TB cases. However, ARV drugs could enhance the treatment of TB, and TB programs provide an important entry point for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Brian G -- Dye, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1535-7. Epub 2003 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. williamsbg@who.int〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/drug ; therapy/immunology/mortality ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Developing Countries ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/immunology/mortality ; Hiv-1 ; Hiv-2 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Survival Rate ; Tuberculosis/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Microbiology. Stomachs out of Africa (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spratt, Brian G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1528-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1PG, UK. b.spratt@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genetics, Population ; Geography ; Helicobacter Infections/*microbiology/transmission ; Helicobacter pylori/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombination, Genetic ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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