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  • Astronomy  (8)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Male
  • Organic Chemistry
  • ddc:330
  • 2000-2004  (11)
  • 1
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    Regional mu opioid receptor regulation of sensory and affective dimensions of pain (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: The endogenous opioid system is involved in stress responses, in the regulation of the experience of pain, and in the action of analgesic opiate drugs. We examined the function of the opioid system and mu-opioid receptors in the brains of healthy human subjects undergoing sustained pain. Sustained pain induced the regional release of endogenous opioids interacting with mu-opioid receptors in a number of cortical and subcortical brain regions. The activation of the mu-opioid receptor system was associated with reductions in the sensory and affective ratings of the pain experience, with distinct neuroanatomical involvements. These data demonstrate the central role of the mu-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands in the regulation of sensory and affective components of the pain experience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zubieta, J K -- Smith, Y R -- Bueller, J A -- Xu, Y -- Kilbourn, M R -- Jewett, D M -- Meyer, C R -- Koeppe, R A -- Stohler, C S -- R01 DE 12059/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE 12743/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):311-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Institute, Medical School, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1687, USA. zubieta@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/physiology ; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Fentanyl/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; Opioid Peptides/physiology ; *Pain ; Pain Measurement ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/*physiology ; Thalamus/physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Antiphase oscillation of the left and right suprachiasmatic nuclei (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: An unusual property of the circadian timekeeping systems of animals is rhythm "splitting," in which a single daily period of physical activity (usually measured as wheel running) dissociates into two stably coupled components about 12 hours apart; this behavior has been ascribed to a clock composed of two circadian oscillators cycling in antiphase. We analyzed gene expression in the hypothalamic circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), of behaviorally "split" hamsters housed in constant light. The results show that the two oscillators underlying the split condition correspond to the left and right sides of the bilaterally paired SCN.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de la Iglesia, H O -- Meyer, J -- Carpino, A Jr -- Schwartz, W J -- R01 NS24542/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):799-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. hacho@bio.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/genetics/metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; *Gene Expression ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; In Situ Hybridization ; Light ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Motor Activity ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Recruitment and spreading of the C. elegans dosage compensation complex along X chromosomes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: To achieve X-chromosome dosage compensation, organisms must distinguish X chromosomes from autosomes. We identified multiple, cis-acting regions that recruit the Caenorhabditis elegans dosage compensation complex (DCC) through a search for regions of X that bind the complex when detached from X. The DCC normally assembles along the entire X chromosome, but not all detached regions recruit the complex, despite having genes known to be dosage compensated on the native X. Thus, the DCC binds first to recruitment sites, then spreads to neighboring X regions to accomplish chromosome-wide gene repression. From a large chromosomal domain, we defined a 793-base pair fragment that functions in vivo as an X-recognition element to recruit the DCC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Csankovszki, Gyorgyi -- McDonel, Patrick -- Meyer, Barbara J -- F32-GM065007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37-GM30702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Cosmids ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Disorders of Sex Development ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; X Chromosome/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe(WMAP) Observations: Data Processing Methods and Systematic Errors Limits (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-12
    Description: We describe the calibration and data processing methods used to generate full-sky maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from the first year of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations. Detailed limits on residual systematic errors are assigned based largely on analyses of the flight data supplemented, where necessary, with results from ground tests. The data are calibrated in flight using the dipole modulation of the CMB due to the observatory's motion around the Sun. This constitutes a full-beam calibration source. An iterative algorithm simultaneously fits the time-ordered data to obtain calibration parameters and pixelized sky map temperatures. The noise properties are determined by analyzing the time-ordered data with this sky signal estimate subtracted. Based on this, we apply a pre-whitening filter to the time-ordered data to remove a low level of l/f noise. We infer and correct for a small (approx. 1 %) transmission imbalance between the two sky inputs to each differential radiometer, and we subtract a small sidelobe correction from the 23 GHz (K band) map prior to further analysis. No other systematic error corrections are applied to the data. Calibration and baseline artifacts, including the response to environmental perturbations, are negligible. Systematic uncertainties are comparable to statistical uncertainties in the characterization of the beam response. Both are accounted for in the covariance matrix of the window function and are propagated to uncertainties in the final power spectrum. We characterize the combined upper limits to residual systematic uncertainties through the pixel covariance matrix.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 5
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    NASA's Space Science Education Resource Directory (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 6
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    First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe(WMAP)Observations: The Angular Power Spectrum (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: We present the angular power spectrum derived from the first-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) sky maps. We study a variety of power spectrum estimation methods and data combinations and demonstrate that the results are robust. The data are modestly contaminated by diffuse Galactic foreground emission, but we show that a simple Galactic template model is sufficient to remove the signal. Point sources produce a modest contamination in the low frequency data. After masking approximately 700 known bright sources from the maps, we estimate residual sources contribute approximately 3500 mu sq Kappa at 41 GHz, and approximately 130 mu sq Kappa at 94 GHz, to the power spectrum [iota(iota + 1)C(sub iota)/2pi] at iota = 1000. Systematic errors are negligible compared to the (modest) level of foreground emission. Our best estimate of the power spectrum is derived from 28 cross-power spectra of statistically independent channels. The final spectrum is essentially independent of the noise properties of an individual radiometer. The resulting spectrum provides a definitive measurement of the CMB power spectrum, with uncertainties limited by cosmic variance, up to iota approximately 350. The spectrum clearly exhibits a first acoustic peak at iota = 220 and a second acoustic peak at iota approximately 540, and it provides strong support for adiabatic initial conditions. Researchers have analyzed the CT(sup Epsilon) power spectrum, and present evidence for a relatively high optical depth, and an early period of cosmic reionization. Among other things, this implies that the temperature power spectrum has been suppressed by approximately 30% on degree angular scales, due to secondary scattering.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 7
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    Anomalous Oxygen and Krypton Abundances in Interstellar Gas (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The primary objective of this program was to obtain FUSE observations of the interstellar H2 absorption toward a sample of stars observed with the HST STIS spectrograph as part of the ISM SNAP Survey. This Survey was designed to produce a database of high quality, high resolution W spectra from which interstellar gas-phase elemental abundances could be derived for large portions of the Galaxy. In particular, oxygen and krypton were chosen as excellent tracers for measuring the homogeneity of the interstellar gas due to their weak depletion into dust grains. The gas-phase 0 and Kr abundances relative to total hydrogen column density had previously been shown with HST GHRS measurements to be essentially constant in the local Milky Way. One of the main motivations of the ISM SNAP Survey was to determine if this constancy held at greater distances and in denser sightlines (where depletion into dust could be a possibility). The initial ISM SNAP STIS observations indicated a number of sightlines with unusual 0 and Kr abundances relative to the measured H I column densities. Since the appropriate benchmark for accurate abundance comparisons is the total hydrogen column density (H I plus H2), FUSE observations of interstellar H2 were carried out in these sightlines in order to determine if they represent cases of true abundance anomalies.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: B071
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  • 8
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    Small-scale Interstellar Structure Toward the Open Cluster Chi Persei; Program ID: BO29 (Cycle 2) (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The primary objective of this program was to obtain FUSE observations of the interstellar H2 absorption toward six early-type stars in the core of the open star cluster Chi Persei. High resolution optical observations of the interstellar Na I absorption toward these stars and others in the core of Chi Per have revealed a rich variety of small-scale diffuse ISM structure in both the distant Perseus and more local Orion spiral arms. At the 1 arc minute angular scales typically probed by the separations of these stars, this structure corresponds to respective physical length scales of 0.6 and 0.15 pc in the Perseus and Orion arm gas. The principal scientific goal of the FUSE observations was to determine if this small-scale Na I structure toward the core of Chi Per was reflected in the abundance and/or excitation of interstellar H2. In September 2001, we obtained FUSE observations of the Chi Per stars BD +56 563, BD +56 571, BD +56 573, BD +56 574, BD +56 575, and BD +56 578 for this program. The data reveal that the Perseus arm gas exhibits significant small-scale variations in the strength of its molecular hydrogen absorption while the Orion arm H2 absorption is relatively uniform. We presented these results at the January 2003 American Astronomical Society meeting in Seattle, WA (points, Meyer, Lauroesch, Nguyen, and Friedman 2002, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 34,1229). Since Na I is not a dominant ion in H I clouds, the variations detected in the Perseus arm Na I line profiles could be due to spatial differences in either the physical structure or the physical conditions in the gas. Although many of the H2 absorption profiles are too saturated or too weak to be definitive in this regard, it is clear that small-scale variations are present in H2 gas with excitation as high as the J=4 rotational level. In contrast, lower spatial resolution H I 21 cm studies of the Perseus arm gas across the face of the h and Chi Per double cluster have shown smoother, continuous variations on the larger scale. In order to investigate if the global velocity structure of H2 toward h and Chi Per more closely follows the chaotic structure seen in interstellar Na I absorption or the smoother, continuous H I structure, we have expanded our FUSE study with a Cycle 4 program (D902, PI: Points) to survey the H2 absorption toward a number of other stars across the face of the double cluster. We have obtained FUSE spectra of 14 additional h and Chi Per stars through this program and are now combining all of the data into a comprehensive study that will be submitted for publication next year.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 9
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    Nucleosynthesis of Short-lived Radioactivities in Massive Stars (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A leading model for the source of many of the short-lived radioactivities in the early solar nebula is direct incorporation from a massive star [1]. A recent and promising incarnation of this model includes an injection mass cut, which is a boundary between the stellar ejecta that become incorporated into the solar cloud and those ejecta that do not [2-4]. This model also includes a delay time between ejection from the star and incorporation into early solar system solid bodies. While largely successful, this model requires further validation and comparison against data. Such evaluation becomes easier if we have a better sense of the nature of the synthesis of the various radioactivities in the star. That is the goal of this brief abstract.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Chondrites and the Protoplanetary Disk, Part 3; LPI-Contrib-1218-Pt-3
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  • 10
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    The Explorer of Diffuse Galactic Emission (EDGE): Determination of Large-Scale Structure Evolution from Measurement of the Anisotropy of the Cosmic Infrared Background (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The formation of the first objects, stars and galaxies and their subsequent evolution remain a cosmological unknown. Few observational probes of these processes exist. The Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) originates from this era, and can provide information to test models of both galaxy evolution and the growth of primordial structure. The Explorer of Diffuse Galactic Emission (EDGE) is a proposed balloon-borne mission designed to measure the spatial fluctuations in the CIB from 200 micrometers to 1 millimeter on 6' to 3 degree scales with 2 microKelvin sensitivity/resolution element. Such measurements would provide a sensitive probe of the large-scale variation in protogalaxy density at redshifts approximately 0.5-3. In this paper, we present the scientific justification for the mission and show a concept for the instrument and observations.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: COSPAR Meeting; Jul 18, 2004 - Jul 25, 2004; Paris; France
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