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  • thermal diffusivity  (6)
  • phylogeny  (3)
  • Springer  (9)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2000-2004  (9)
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  • Springer  (9)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Thermal Diffusivity of Thermal Control Coatings by the Flash Method Using Two-Layer Composite Sample1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 535-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: flash method ; thermal contact resistance ; thermal control coatings ; thermal diffusivity ; two-layer composite sample
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal diffusivity of brittle coatings cannot be measured by the flash method directly because of the difficulty of preparing free-standing samples. Adopting the flash method using a two-layer composite sample, it is possible to measure thermal diffusivity if the radiant pulse is well defined and good thermal contact on the interface of the composite sample can be ensured. Using an equilateral trapezoidal pulse of an Nd-glass laser measuring the dimensionless temperature history of the rear face of the sample, we determined the thermal diffusivity of thermal control coatings in the temperature range of 80 to 200°C. The results for different thicknesses of substrate showed that the thermal contact resistance of the interface can be neglected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006660318958
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Diamond Films1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: diamond ; film ; flash method ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the short-pulse-flash method developed for thermal diffusivity measurements on thin films. Two kinds of CVD diamond film have been prepared, and their thermal diffusivity in the perpendicular direction has been measured with this method. The measurement errors caused by the surface coating are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006648016232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences and phylogeny in East AsianAconitum subgenusAconitum (Ranunculaceae), with special reference to extensive polymorphism in individual plants (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 225 (2000), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Ranunculaceae ; Aconitum ; ITS ; polymorphism ; pseudogenes ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) were used to examine the phylogeny of East Asian aconites. Individual aconites were discovered to contain as many as eight different ITS sequences after cloning and PCR-SSCP (single-stranded conformational polymorphisms) analysis. We identified eight putative ITS pseudogenes from four taxa with low predicted secondary structure stability and high substitution rates. Maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. The ITS trees agree with the previous chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) tree for the vast majority of the taxa. We found two East Asian clades in the ITS trees: 1) a clade with the Chinese diploid,Aconitum volubile and East Asian tetraploids, and 2) a clade of East Asian diploids and Siberian tetraploids. In the former clade, most tetraploid taxa appear to be polyphyletic; sequences from individual plants did not correspond to recognized taxonomic units. This indicates a recent divergence of the East Asian tetraploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985455
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome Painting Technique Contributes to Constructions of Evolutionary Trees of Lemurs (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 905-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: lemurs ; FISH ; Indridae ; phylogeny ; chromosomal evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We used human-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21 to paint chromosomes of four species of Indridae (Avahi laniger, Indri indri, Propithecus verreauxi, and P. diadema). All human chromosome probes hybridized specifically to chromosome segments or to whole arms of indrid chromosomes. In general, the results obtained by chromosome painting confirm those obtained by R-banding except for some reciprocal translocations undetected by R-banding. Our findings confirm that in the evolution of the Indridae, Avahi laniger first emerges, then Indri and Propithecus share a common trunk. After populational evolution, this sister clade diverged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005554911728
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The internal transcribed spacer 2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and the phylogeny of the moss family Hylocomiaceae (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 224 (2000), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Hylocomiaceae ; internal transcribed region 2 ; molecular evolution ; phylogeny ; relative rate test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nucleotide variation of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA was used to estimate the phylogeny of the moss family Hylocomiaceae. Both parsimony and neighbour-joining analyses support the monophyly of this family, as well as all seven of the genera within the family.Rhytidium appears as the basal taxon and a North American clade comprisingRhytidiopsis andThelia is indicated. The analyses suggest thatHylocomium s. l., a polyphyletic genus, should be divided into three separate genera. The rate of nucleotide substitutions of the ITS-2 region in the Hylocomiaceae is consistent with the hypothesis of a molecular clock based on a relative rate tests. A nearly constant rate of 6.42 × 10−10 substitutions per site and per year is postulated for the family, a rate close to that of the Winteraceae and slower than that ofLopezia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986338
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Method of Determining the Thermophysical Properties and Calorific Intensity of the Organ or Tissue of a Living Body (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: calorific intensity ; hot probe ; organ or tissue of a living body ; specific heat ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method was developed to determine simultaneously the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and calorific intensity of the organ or tissue of a living body either in vivo or in vitro with a thin hot probe. By using the method, the thermophysical properties and calorific intensities of a human palm and in vivo liver and a kidney, heart, brain, and foreleg and hindleg muscles of an anesthetized canine were measured. It is concluded that there are no significant differences in the thermophysical properties of organ or tissue of a living body either in vivo or in vitro. The measured thermophysical properties are in good agreement with those reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006669207551
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the Thermal Diffusivity of Metallic Foils and Films by the Photoacoustic Method1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 513-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: metal ; microscopic structure ; phase lag ; photoacoustic effect ; thermal diffusivity ; thin layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal diffusivities of four kinds of metallic foils from 20 to 200μμm in thickness were measured by a photoacoustic method on the basis of the Rosencwaig and Gersho theory. The measured data for continuous foils of uniform microscopic structure almost agreed with the literature values. Measurements were also carried out on two kinds of metallic thin films with of 10μμm thickness produced by sputtering. The difference in thermal diffusivity between the foils and the sputtered films depended on the uniformity of the microscopic structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006656218049
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Two-Dimensional Effect in the Measurement of Thermal Diffusivity of Thin Films with an AC Calorimetric Method1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 525-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: ac calorimetric method ; thermal diffusivity ; thin film ; two-dimensional effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An ac calorimetric method for measuring the thermal diffusivity of thin-film materials has been widely applied. In the application of this method, the systematic errors caused by the heat loss effect, the edge reflection effect, etc., have been analyzed and corresponding correction methods have been developed. But when measuring films with low thermal diffusivity or with thickness comparable to the thermal diffusion length, a two-dimensional effect which will also result in a systematic error of the measurement is present. In this paper, the mechanism of two-dimensional heat conduction within a thin sample which is supplied a periodic heat flux by a chopped light beam is analyzed. A numerical analysis method is developed to study the effect of the two-dimensional heat conduction on the measured thermal diffusivity values. The relations between the measured thermal diffusivity and independent parameters such as frequency, thickness of sample, width of light spot, etc., are demonstrated to indicate the two-dimensional effect. The experimental precondition for minimizing the systematic error caused by the two-dimensional effect is determined. In addition, the analysis method presented in this paper should be useful for more difficult problems such as error estimation of the thermal diffusivity measurement of coatings or composite films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006608302119
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction of Edge Effect in AC Calorimetric Method for Measuring Thermal Diffusivity of CVD Diamond Films1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: ac calorimetric method ; CVD diamond film ; edge effect ; parameter estimation ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the thermal diffusivity measurement of a CVD diamond film using an ac calorimetric method, the reflection of an ac temperature wave at the edge of the film sample should be considered due to the limited length of the sample and its high thermal diffusivity, i.e., the edge effect. In this case, the measured thermal diffusivity is given as a function of frequency. The relation between the measured thermal diffusivity and the frequency is represented as an analytical expression. The real thermal diffusivity is obtained by correcting the edge effect by two means. One is an iterative method using the directly measured edge length of the sample to fit the analytical expression. The other is a parameter estimation method by which a simplex method is used to estimate the edge length and the real thermal diffusivity. Thermal diffusivities of two diamond films were measured, and data were analyzed using the above methods. The result shows that the parameter estimation method is relatively accurate and convenient in processing test data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006600100302
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