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  • apoptosis  (13)
  • Springer  (13)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society
  • Annual Reviews
  • Institute of Physics
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1945-1949
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (13)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society
  • Annual Reviews
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis: Decrease of Hepatocyte Population in Mice after Hyperthermia (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 130 (2000), S. 912-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: whole-body hyperthermia ; hepatocytes ; alkaline dissociation of tissues ; apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract hyperthermia caused hemodynamic disorders in the liver and degenerative and necrobiotic changes in hepatocytes of CBA mice. Total hepatocyte count decreased during restitution, this decrease being most pronounced 30 min after exposure. The number of binucleated cells also markedly decreased. The absence of necrotic changes in hepatocytes during the entire restitution period indicated their apoptotic death and elimination by macrophagal resorption. Under these conditions liver regeneration at the cellular level occured mainly via division of binucleated hepatocytes. On the other hand, proliferation of oval cells in the portal zones and their differentiation into hepatocytes were observed at certain stages of reparative regeneration of the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015390901689
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis and the cell cycle in Xenopus: PMA and MPMA exposure of splenocytes (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: Amphibia ; apoptosis ; cancer ; cell cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous and induced cancers are rare in non-isogeneic or inbred amphibians. Neoplastic cells become immortalized through loss of a normal capacity to die by apoptosis. Mature lymphocytes of mammals require activation and entry into the cell cycle in order to become susceptible to apoptosis. Whether Xenopus lymphocytes differ from mammalian lymphocytes in this regard is examined. In vitro exposure of PMA, or its analogue, MPMA, to adult splenocytes of Xenopus laevis was used to affect apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis of FITC-Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence (apoptosis) and BrdU uptake (DNA synthesis) were assayed concurrently in the same lymphocyte population over time. Significant increases in apoptotic levels were induced throughout a 72 hour period in PMA-treated cells only. Lymphocytes were also separated by size for analysis. Several sub-populations of lymphocytes were identified, the most interesting of which was small and apoptotic within 4 hours, after PMA exposure. PMA-induced DNA synthesis did not become elevated until after 24 hours. “Direct” apoptosis, i.e. without cell cycle entry, was found only in these small, mature lymphocytes. Since small lymphocytes make up the vast majority of those being analyzed, “direct” apoptosis may be a determining mechanism in the resistance to neoplasia observed in Amphibia. Cells that die more readily are less likely to transform into neoplastic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009600428328
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelial cell survival and apoptosis in the tumor vasculature (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: Angiogenesis ; angiopoietins ; apoptosis ; integrins ; vascular endothelial growth factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The balance of endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and apoptosis is a major determinant in tumor angiogenesis. Recently, several studies demonstrated that numerous angiogenic factors not only induce angiogenesis but also function as EC survival factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, is also an EC survival factor in embryonic vasculogenesis and tumor angiogenesis. VEGF activates specific intracellular survival pathways in ECs including Bcl-2, A1, IAP, Akt, and Erk. Integrins may function as EC survival factors by preventing anoikis by enhancing binding to the extracellular matrix. In addition, integrins may function in concert with VEGF to promote EC survival. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) has recently been shown to stabilize EC networks by binding to the EC-specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2. Pericytes also function as EC survival factors, by cell-cell contact, secretion of survival factors, or both. Targeting any of the above mechanisms for EC survival may provide novel antineoplastic strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009679307513
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD95/CD95L interactions and their role in autoimmunity (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: apoptosis ; diabetes ; Fas ; organ-specific auto-immunity ; thyroiditis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) is a broadly expressed death receptor involved in a variety of physiological and pathological apoptotic processes. Since its discovery, defects in CD95/CD95L system have been proposed as major pathogenic factors responsible for impaired immunological tolerance to self antigens and autoimmunity. Later, analysis of altered sensitivity to CD95-induced apoptosis in cells targeted by the immune response has revealed an unexpected role for CD95 and CD95L in organ-specific autoimmunity. CD95 has been shown to be expressed and functional in virtually all cell types that are target of the organ-specific autoimmune response. Here we review some of the major findings concerning the role of CD95 in autoimmunity, in dysfunctions due to increased or decreased CD95-induced apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009668212375
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early transitory rise in intracellular pH leads to Bax conformation change during ceramide-induced apoptosis (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 551-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: apoptosis ; Bax ; ceramide ; mitochondria ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ceramide can induce apoptosis through a caspase independent pathway. Bax has been described as able to kill cells in the absence of caspase activity, therefore we measured Bax in situ during ceramide-induced apoptosis using anti-Bax antibodies and flow cytometry analysis. An early (〈30 min) increase in Bax labeling was observed after the addition of several ceramide species to several hemopoietic-related cell types. On U937, this increase was not due to antigens synthesis or processing, but rather an increased accessibility or reactivity of Bax antigens for antibodies. This increased immuno-reactivity of Bax was not inhibited by Z-VAD-fmk nor leupeptin, and preceded nuclear fragmentation by several hours. Such an increase in immuno-reactivity was also observed after Fas ligation, but it occurred later (〉2 h) accompanying nuclear apoptosis, and was inhibited by Z-VAD-fmk. Bax immuno-reactivity was found to be related to intracellular pH (pHi), and C2-Ceramide (C2-Cer) induced a very early (〈10 min) transitory increase in pHi. Both Bax immuno-reactivity and pHi increases were dependent on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) status. It was concluded from these results that C2-Cer induced a transitory increase in pHi in relation to the PTP. This rise in pHi led to conformational changes in Bax which could be responsible for further apoptosis in the C2-Cer pathway while it was a consequence of caspase activation in the Fas pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009693630664
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suicidal differential housekeeping gene activity in apoptosis induced by DCNP (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 379-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: apoptosis ; ATP depletion ; cell acidification and shrinkage ; CpG-specific megabase fragmentations ; DCNP (2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol) ; housekeeping genes ; microarray (genechip) ; zVAD-fmk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous suggestions of CpG-specific apoptotic commitment implied critical epigenetic modulation of house-keeping genes which have canonical CpG islands at 5′ promoter regions. Differential housekeeping gene activity however has not been shown. Using a focussed microarray (genechip) of 22 housekeeping genes we show this in apoptosis induced in human Chang liver cells by DCNP (2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol), a non-genotoxic inhibitor of sulfate detoxification. 3–7 folds downregulation of 9 genes in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory electron transport chain suggested gene-directed energy depletion which was correlated with observed ATP depletion. 4 folds downregulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenease gene suggested gene-directed metabolic acidosis which was correlated with observed cell acidification. Other differential housekeeping gene activity, including 4 folds upregulation of microtubular alpha-tubulin gene, and 2 folds upregulation of ubiquitin, also had a bearing on apoptosis. Broadspectrum zVAD-fmk caspase inhibition abolished 200 bp DNA ladder fragmentations but not the CpG-specific megabase fragmentations and other hallmarks of cell destruction, suggesting a caspase-independent cell death. Death appeared committed at gene-level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009695811147
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homocysteine-thiolactone induces caspase-independent vascular endothelial cell death with apoptotic features (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 403-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: apoptosis ; atherosclerosis ; cell culture ; endothelial function ; mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. Cell death is generally classified into two large categories: apoptosis, which represents active, physiological programmed cell death, and necrosis, which represents passive cell death without underlying regulatory mechanisms. Apoptosis plays an important role in tissue homeostasis and its role in endothelium integrity can be influenced by the functional status of endothelial cells. Homocysteine, a sulfated amino-acid product of methionine demethylation, is an independent risk factor for vascular disease (arterial and venous thombosis). Our goal was to investigate the thiol-derivatives effect on the endothelial cell apoptosis. Methods. Three parameters were measured: mitochondrial membrane potential using DiOC6(3) as the probe, DEVDase activation, and phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface with fluorosceinated annexin V labeling which allows apoptosis to be distinguished from necrosis. Results. Homocysteine-thiolactone induced endothelial cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner (range: 50–200 μ M), independently of the caspase pathway. Only homocysteine-thiolactone, among the thiol derivatives tested, induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was not influenced by the serum concentration in culture medium, suggesting that the observed apoptotic process could occur in vivo. None of the inhibitors used (e.g., leupeptin, fumosinin Bl, catalase, or z-VAD-fmk) was able to prevent homocysteine-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Conclusion. The apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells induced by high concentration of homocysteine-thiolactone might be one step atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and contribute to its complication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009652011466
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis evaluation in epithelial cells exposed to different chemicals: relevance of floating cells (2000)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 16 (2000), S. 53-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: apoptosis ; cell adhesion ; cytotoxicity tests ; epithelial cells ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The recent increase in understanding of cell death has promoted new approaches in toxicological studies, mainly those dealing within vitro systems where the evaluation of cell death has been the most widely adopted end-point in measuring the effects of chemical toxicants. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving the traditional cytotoxicity test protocols in order to produce more specific information on the type of cell death induced by exposure to toxicants. In particular, we characterized the mode of cell death in an established epithelial cell line, HEp-2 cells, which is frequently used in cytotoxicity testing owing to its easy handling and standardization of culture conditions. Reference chemicals for apoptosis and necrosis were selected as controls, together with other molecules that have been shown, in preliminary studies, to induce various morphological and structural modifications in relation to cell death. The results obtained show that: (a) the floating fraction of treated cells gives the clearest picture of the necrotic/apoptotic distribution; (b) morphological analysis is crucial for characterization of apoptosis; (c) more than one cytotoxic end-point is necessary to clearly identify the type of cell death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007696604725
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Necessity of Superoxide Production for Development of Etiolated Wheat Seedlings (2000)
    Springer
    Biochemistry (Moscow) 65 (2000), S. 1357-1361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1608-3040
    Keywords: antioxidant ; Endomyces magnusii ; apoptosis ; BHT ; DNA ; fragmentation ; DNA synthesis ; ontogenesis ; ROS ; plant ; protein synthesis ; superoxide ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract It was found that production of superoxide (O2 – ·) is crucial for normal morphogenesis of etiolated wheat seedlings in the early stages of plant development. The development of etiolated wheat seedlings was shown to be accompanied with cyclic changes in the rate of O2 – · production both in the entire intact seedling and in its separated organs (leaf, coleoptile). First increase in the rate of O2 – · production was clearly observed in the period from two to four days of seedling development, then the rate of O2 – · production decreased to the initial level, and then it increased again for two days to a new maximum. An increase in O2 – · production in the period of the first four days of seedling development correlates with an increase in DNA and protein contents in the coleoptile. The second peak of increased rate of O2 – · production observed on the sixth or seventh day of seedling development coincides with a decrease in DNA and protein contents and apoptotic internucleosomal nuclear DNA fragmentation in the coleoptile. Incubation of seedlings in the presence of the antioxidant BHT (ionol) strongly affects their development but it does not influence the increase in DNA and protein contents for the initial four days of seedling life, and it slows down the subsequent age-dependent decrease in protein content and fully prevents the age-dependent decrease in DNA content in the coleoptile. A decrease in the O2 – · amount induced by BHT distorts the seedling development. BHT retards seedling growth, presumably by suppression of cell elongation, and it increases the life span of the coleoptile. It seems that O2 – · controls plant growth by cell elongation at the early stages of seedling development but later O2 – · controls (induces) apoptotic DNA fragmentation and protein disintegration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002892520658
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity of sympathoadrenal system and myelokaryocyte death during aging in AKR/JY mice (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 519-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: adrenal glands ; bone marrow ; apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Accelerated bone marrow cell death and activation of the sympathoadrenal system were observed during aging of highly leukemic 2–7-month-old AKR/JY mice compared to that in (CBA/CaLac×AKR/JY)F1 strain. Close correlation was revealed between activity of the sympathoadrenal system and necrotic and apoptotic forms of cell death. This can promote tumor process, because maximum changes in hemopoietic cells occur during advanced stage of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02434863
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