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  • morphology  (13)
  • AFLP  (11)
  • Springer  (24)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society
  • Annual Reviews
  • Institute of Physics
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • 2000-2004  (24)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1945-1949
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (24)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new aspect of genetic diversity of Indonesian oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) revealed by isoenzyme and AFLP markers and its consequences for breeding (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 956-961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Keywords Elaeis guineensis ; AFLP ; Isoenzyme ; RRS ; Genetic structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plays an important economic role in some countries of Southeast Asia like Indonesia, which is the world’s second producer of palm and palm kernel oil. The quality improvement of planting material needs a better understanding of the genetic relationships between genotypes from different populations used in the breeding programmes. In this study, 48 parents, representative of four populations used in Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI) breeding programmes, were analysed with five selected AFLP primer pairs and four isoenzymatic systems. One hundred and fifty eight scorable band levels were generated of which 96 (61%) were polymorphic. AFLP allowed us to identify off–type descendants which were excluded from analysis. The use of unbiased Rogers distance clearly separated the four studied populations. The Neighbor-Joining method re-groups two African populations which are known as originating from different regions. Nevertheless, the variability revealed is in accordance with oil palm breeders’ knowledge. The results obtained with AFLP showed that the crosses among the African sub-population, which is excluded in oil palm reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) breeding programmes, may be more interesting than the crosses between the African and the Deli populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051567
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of early events in protoplast division and regeneration pathways in sunflower (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 606-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Sunflower ; Helianthus annuus L. ; AFLP ; QTL ; Protoplast ; In vitro regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Experiments were conducted to identify the genetic factors controlling protoplast division and to determine eventual relations between genetic factors involving organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis and protoplast division in sunflower. The present study involved protoplast culture and two traits: total division per 100 protoplasts (TOTD) and asymmetric division per 100 protoplasts (ASYD) were scored in 52 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between PAC-2 and RHA-266. Asymmetric division is an early event in the formation of embryoids from protoplasts. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of highly significant differences among parental genotypes and their RILs. Heritability for the two protoplast division parameters (TOTD and ASYD) was high (0.87 and 0.89, respectively) and genetic gain expressed as percentage of the best parent for 10% of the selected RILs was significant. Twelve putative loci associated with total division per 100 protoplasts were identified. Eleven QTLs were also detected for asymmetric division per 100 protoplasts. The QTLs present high significant LOD scores and sum to a high percentage of phenotypic variance. The percentage of phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 2% to 24%. Some segments of the linkage groups I, XV and XVII are likely to contain genes important for organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis and protoplast division, as clustering of QTLs for these characters were described. The QTLs identified in these three linkage groups should be involved in cell division and in early events associated with cell differenciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051522
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phenetic analysis of morphological variation in Citrullus lanatus in Namibia (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 385-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Citrullus lanatus ; cluster analysis ; evolution ; morphology ; watermelon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Morphological data recorded from field trials using Citrullus lanatus germplasm collected in Namibia were used to analyse and compare the various morphotypes of this species. The experiment comprised wild types and local landraces as well as commercial cultivars. Cluster analysis supported the indigenous classification system used in Namibia, in which Citrullus types are distinguished based on gross morphology, ecology and usage and grouped into seed, cooking and fresh-eating (watermelon) types. Commercial watermelon cultivars formed a distinct cluster. Wide variation was found within the local types whereas the genetic basis of the commercial type appears to be narrow. The commercial cultivars were most closely related to local watermelon types and more distantly related to the wild types, whereas the cooking melons form an intermediate group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008751319879
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of Morphology of Porous Silicon Formed on N+ Type Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; morphology ; mechanism of growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The properties of porous silicon (PS) are closely connected to its morphology, much investigation has been done in order to correlate the morphological characteristics of PS with the anodisation parameters. In this paper the results of morphological analysis of PS formed on N+type substrates of 〈1 0 0〉 and 〈1 1 1〉 orientation are presented. The dependences of the porosity, thickness of PS, density of pores and of the effective surface on the current density are obtained. Interpretation of these results in terms of diffusion layer and energy levels is given, with special attention given to the low current density case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009627412800
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T.H. Huxley's Criticism of German Cell Theory: An Epigenetic and Physiological Interpretation of Cell Structure (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 33 (2000), S. 247-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Keywords: cell theory ; morphology ; Thomas Henry Huxley ; physiology ; Schleiden-Schwann cell theory ; Romantic biology ; scientific zoology ; cytology ; preformationism ; natural history ; epigenesis ; Kernmonopol ; histology ; Albert von Kölliker ; embryology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , History
    Notes: Abstract In 1853, the young Thomas Henry Huxley published a long review of German cell theory in which he roundly criticized the basic tenets of the Schleiden-Schwann model of the cell. Although historians of cytology have dismissed Huxley’s criticism as based on an erroneous interpretation of cell physiology, the review is better understood as a contribution to embryology. “The Cell-theory” presents Huxley’s “epigenetic” interpretation of histological organization emerging from changes in the protoplasm to replace the “preformationist” cell theory of Schleiden and Schwann (as modified by Albert vonKölliker), which posited the nucleus as the seat of organic vitality. Huxley’s views influenced a number of British biologists, who continued to oppose German cell theory well into the twentieth century. Yet Huxley was pivotal in introducing the new German program of “scientific zoology” to Britain in the early 1850s,championing its empiricist methodology as a means to enact broad disciplinary and institutional reforms in British natural history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004881730937
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of Scm1 and Scm2– two loci conferring resistance to sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) in maize (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 934-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Zea mays L ; Maize ; Sugarcane mosaic virus ; SCMV ; Scm1 ; Scm2 ; AFLP ; RFLP ; SSR ; Pedigree relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) causes serious losses of grain and forage yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in Europe. Two dominant genes, Scm1 and Scm2, have been identified to confer resistance to SCMV. Scm1 is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 and Scm2 near the centromere region of chromosome 3. In the present study,resistant, partially resistant, and susceptible maize inbred lines, together with their ancestral lines, were evaluated with molecular markers to trace back the origin of Scm1 and Scm2. The banding patterns indicated that the Scm1 region, originally identified in resistant European line FAP1360A, was derived from its ancestral line FAP954A. The other two resistant European lines, D21 and D32, most likely carry the same Scm1 region, which originated from their common ancestral line A632. This Scm1 region was also present in three partially resistant lines, D09, FAP1396A and FAP693A, but not in the resistant U.S. inbred Pa405. Apart from FAP954A and A632, none of the remaining ancestral lines and none of the susceptible lines harbored the Scm1 region. The Scm2 region present in FAP1360A was obviously transmitted from its ancestral line Co125. However, the presence of the respective Scm2 region was not confirmed in the other three resistant lines (D21, D32 and Pa405), the remaining ancestral lines, and all partially resistant lines by using closely linked markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051373
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AFLP mapping of QTLs for in vitro organogenesis traits using recombinant inbred lines in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 1299-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Keywords Sunflower ; Helianthus annuus L. ; AFLP ; Genetic mapping ; in vitro regeneration ; Recombinant inbred lines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic control for two in vitro organogenesis traits, the number of shoots per explant plated (S/E) and the number of shoots per regenerating explant (S/RE), was investigated in 75 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of sunflower and their two parents (PAC-2 and RHA-266). Genetic variability was observed among the 75 RILs for the organogenesis traits studied. Some RILs presented significant differences when compared with the best parental line (RHA-266). Genetic gain, in terms of the percentage of the best parent, for 32% of the selected RILs was significant. A set of 99RILs from the same cross including the 75 mentioned above was screened with 333 AFLP markers and a linkage map was constructed based on 264 linked loci. Six putative QTLs for the S/RE (tentatively named osr) and seven QTLs for the S/E (ose) trait were detected using composite interval mapping. For each trait, the QTLs explained 52% (ose) and 67% (osr) of the total phenotypic variance. These results suggested that additive gene effects predominate in explaining a large proportion of the observed genetic variation associated with regeneration ability. The coincidental location of QTLs for S/E and S/RE is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051610
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A genetic map of Maritime pine based on AFLP, RAPD and protein markers (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Pinus pinaster ; AFLP ; RAPD ; Protein ; Linkage map ; QTL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  TheAFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique was adapted to carry out genetic analysis in maritime pine, a species characterized by a large genome size (24 pg/C). A genetic linkage map was constructed for one F1 individual based on 239 AFLP and 127 RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Markers were scored on megagametophytes (1n) from 200 germinated F2 seedlings. Polymorphism rate, labour time and cost of both AFLP and RAPD techniques were compared. The AFLP technique was found to be twice as fast and three-times less costly per marker than the RAPD technique. Thirteen linkage groups were identified with a LOD score ≥6 covering 1873 cM, which provided 93.4% of genome coverage. Proteins were extracted from needles (2n) of the F2 progeny and revealed by 2-DE (two-dimensional electrophoresis). Thirty one segregating proteins were mapped using a QTL detection strategy based on the quantification of protein accumulation. Two framework maps of the same F1 individual are now available. The first map (Plomion et al. 1996) uses RAPD markers and the second map, presented in this study, uses mostly AFLP markers. Although the total genetic length of both maps was almost identical, differences among homologous groups were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of AFLP, RAPD and ISSR markers to genetic mapping of European and Japanese larch (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 299-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Keywords Larix ; Linkage map ; RAPD ; AFLP ; ISSR ; Genetic mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic linkage maps have been increasingly developed for a wide variety of plants, using segregating populations such as F2s or backcrosses between inbred lines. These pedigrees are rarely available in outbred species like forest trees which have long generation times. Thus genetic mapping studies have to use peculiar pedigrees and markers in appropriate configurations. We constructed single-tree genetic linkage maps of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Japanese larch [Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.] using segregation data from 112 progeny individuals of an hybrid family. A total of 266 markers (114 AFLP, 149 RAPD and 3 ISSR loci) showing a testcross configuration, i.e.heterozygous in one parent and null in the other parent, were grouped at LOD 4.0, θ=0.3. The maternal parent map (L. decidua)consisted of 117 markers partitioned within 17 linkage groups (1152 cM) and the paternal parent map (L. kaempferi) had 125 markers assembled into 21 linkage groups (1206 cM). The map distance covered by markers was determined by adding a 34.7-cM independence distance at the end of each group and unlinked marker. It reached 2537 cM and 2997 cM respectively for European larch and Japanese larch, and represented respectively a 79.6% and 80.8% coverage of the overall genome. A few 3:1 segregating markers were used to identify homologous linkage groups between the European larch and the Japanese larch genetic maps. The PCR-based molecular markers allowed the construction of genetic maps, thus ensuring a good coverage of the larch genome for further QTL detection and mapping studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050039
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-density linkage map of Theobroma cacao L. (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 948-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Theobroma cacao L. ; AFLP ; Microsatellites ; RFLP ; High-density genetic map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The first linkage map established by Lanaud et al. (1995) was used as a starting point to produce a high-density molecular linkage map. A mapping population of 181 progenies resulting from a cross between two heterozygous genotypes, a Forastero and a Trinitario (hybrid between Forastero and Criollo), was used for the linkage analysis. A new DNA isolation protocol was established, which allows enough good quality DNA to construct a genetic map with PCR-based markers. The map comprises 424 markers with an average spacing between markers of 2.1 cM. The marker types used were five isozymes, six loci from known function genes, 65 genomic RFLPs, 104 cDNA RFLPs, three telomeric probes, 30 RAPDs, 191 AFLPs and 20 microsatellites. The use of new marker types, AFLP and microsatellites, did not disturb the original order of the RFLP loci used on the previous map. The genetic markers were distributed over ten linkage groups and cover 885.4 cM. The maximum distance observed between adjacent markers was 16.2 cM, and 9.4% of all loci showed skewed segregation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051566
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