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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (214)
  • Organic Chemistry  (77)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1960-1964  (291)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymeric organotin compounds (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 52 (1961), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Organotin monomers and polymers are becoming of increasing importance. Of especial theoretical and practical interest are polymers of organotin materials. In the present report results are described of studies carried out in the Laboratory of Vinyl Compounds of the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, USSR and in the Plastics Institute of the State Committee on Chemistry of the Council of Ministers, USSR. The syntheses of a number of organotin polymers are reported, in particular, of the organotin polymethyl methacrylates from trialkyl (or aryl) stannyl methacrylates R3Sn—OCO(CH3)=CH2 and dialkyl (or aryl) stannylene dimethacrylates R2Sn[OCOC(CH3)=CH2]2 and copolymers based on these. The high molecular compounds obtained by polymerization of the organotin esters are a new class of vinyl polymers with the structure: Organotin esters copolymerize with various unsaturated monomers such as methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, cyclopentadiene, etc. The copolymers are mechanically strong, transparent materials. They represent considerable barriers to the passage of x-rays. The organotin esters R3SnOCOC(CH3)=CH2 and R2Sn[OCOC(CH3)=CH2]2 containing the alkyl radicals amyl, hexyl and higher groups polymerize at room temperature in the absence of catalysts to form soft and elastic polymeric materials. In the report a number of properties of another class of organotin polymers, namely, dialkyl (or aryl) stannones (R2SnO)n are discussed. It is suggested that they are high molecular compounds. Their x-ray diagrams and the results of other physicochemical analyses are examined. A study of their Debye x-ray diagrams showed that they have a regularly oriented structure. They are highly reactive and are sources for the preparation of new organotin compounds. Some of their physicochemical properties are described.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205215729
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of heterogeneity on the second virial coefficientPart of Ph.D. thesis submitted by V. S. R. Rao to Osmania University, 1959. (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 50 (1961), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The values of the second virial coefficient A2, were determined by a light-scattering method for polymethyl methacrylate mixed fractions in methyl ethyl ketone and ethyl acetate systems. It is shown that in a mixture of two components A2 is sensitive to the presence of the higher molecular weight component in a sample of a lower molecular weight, but not to the presence of a lower molecular weight component in a sample of higher molecular weight. This effect is found to be predominant in the good solvent (methyl ethyl ketone). The results obtained are in general agreement with those of Chien et al. but are in contrast with those of Elias.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205015304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of new types of linear polymers by the polyrecombination reaction (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 52 (1961), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In an extension of previously reported studies of the use of the polyrecombination reaction to synthesize high molecular weight compounds, it has been shown for the first time that this method yields linear polymers without any significant formation of threedimensional structures. Such polymers may be synthesized from compounds containing a methylene group in the α-position to the benzene ring, carboxyalkyl or carboxyphenyl groups. On treatment of diphenylmethane with tert-butyl peroxide, a linear polymer of molecular weight 10,000-900,000 (depending on the quantity of peroxide used) was obtained. Linear polymers in the form of benzene-soluble powders were also obtained from benzyl benzoate (molecular weight 400,000), methyl phenylacetate, etc. The composition and structure of the polymers obtained were confirmed by chemical analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The relation between the molecular weight of the polymer and the amount of peroxide consumed in the reaction was also established. If groups capable of serving as branching centers in the polymer (e.g., methyl groups in ditolylmethane) are present in the starting compounds, three-dimensional products are formed along with the linear polymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205215728
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical evaluation of the flory universal constant (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 46 (1960), S. 528-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204614822
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Umsetzungen von Silicium-Kohlenstoff-Heterocyclen unter Einwirkung von Aluminiumchlorid (1964)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 23 (1964), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit 1,1-Dimethylsilacyclopentan läßt sich mit AlCl3 eine Ring-Ketten-Polymerisation zu öligen oder kautschukartigen Produkten durchführen. Sind Chlor, Phenyl-oder Benzylgruppen bzw. Reste mit carbofunktionellen Liganden als Substituenten vorhanden, so tritt die Polymerisation nicht ein. Bis(methyltetramethylensila)äthylen polymerisierte zu einem unlöslichen Trimeren. Aus 1-(γ-Chlorpropyl)-1-methylsilacyclopentan entstand mit AlCl3 das entsprechende Chlorsilan unter Abspaltung von Cyclopropan. Bei der Einwirkung von AlCl3 auf 1-Chlormethyl-1-methylsilacyclopentan bildete sich ein Sechsring.Das Polymere des 1-Hydro-1-methylsilacyclopentans kann mit Luftsauerstoff oxydiert und vernetzt werden. An die HSi-Gruppen können γ-Cyanopropylreste angelagert werden. Die Reaktionen wurden durch IR-Spektren verfolgt, Reaktionsmechanismen diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19640230506
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the structure of polymers by infrared spectra (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2923-2933 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this review a short outline of the results of the application of IR-spectroscopy to the study of polymer physics is summarized. Questions of rotational isomerism, mechanical deformation of polymers, crystallization, intramolecular order, and microtacticity determination are discussed. Details are given on the authors' data concerning polypropylene, 1,4-trans-polybutadiene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and cellulose triacetate, and also data on calculations of spectra for different conformations of poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl bromide), and poly(ethylene terephthalate).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080635
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in antibacterials: - synthesis of hydroxy - chloro chalkones. II (1962)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 17 (1962), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With a view to study their antibacterial properties a number of chalkones have been prepated employing 2:3- and 2:4-dichlorobenzaldehydes and a number of substituted hydroxy catophenones. These have been characterised by preparation of their derivatives. The behaviour of some of these chalkones when submitted to Algar-Flynn reaction has also been studied and the results recorded.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19620170101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization reactions on insoluble molecularly disperse substances (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 52 (1961), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Atomic and molecular dispersions of inorganic solids in monomer media has been found capable of giving rise to highly active polymerization centers effective at low tempera- tures It was shown, using BeCl ZnClz, LiC1, TiC1, and RloOj, that salts and oxides which in the form of perfect crystals are not polymerization catalysts, in the molecular disperse state or with highly defective structures may cause the polymerization of a number of monomers (styrene, a-methylstyrene, isoprene) at their melting points. A study was made of the initiating capacity of some metals in molecular mixtures with monomers. It was shown that with suchamixtures of Mg and acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, or methyl acrylate rapid low-temperature polymerization in the solid state takes place. The polymerization is induced by radicals formed on reaction of Mg with the monomers. Similar conversions may occur in the presence of other metals (Hg, Zn, Cd). The methyl methacrylate produced in this way was found to have an isotactic structure. Hence the part played by preliminary ordering of the monomer on the formation of the polymer microstructure has been demonstrated. Studies with the crystalline salts of acrylic and methacrylic acids show that it is possible to initiate poly- merization in the solid phase by the formation of defective crystal structures in the system. This may be arcomplished by heterogeneous chemical reactions and intensive mechanical dispersion of the solid monomers.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205215711
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyse zweier charakteristischer Verteilungen von Polystyrol durch KolonnenfraktionierungHerrn Prof. Dr. OTTO BAYER zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1962)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 57 (1962), S. 220-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Two polystyrenes are polymerized by a radical mechanism in such a way, that the size of the molecules of the one is determined by combination (Polystyrol), and of the other by transfer reaction (Polystyrol). The molecular weight distribution expected in this case can be described by the general equation (1) with k = 1 or k = 2 respectively; small deviations following from the kinetic are considered by calculation.The polystyrenes are fractionated with a column BAKER-WILLIAMS and the result was evaluated by three methods. P̄n and P̄w can be calculated directly from the table of fractions after correcting the first fraction in a corresponding manner. Different graphical methods of evaluation are discussed and the accuracy of the possibility of statement of the methods are tested. At the present status k is allowed to be determined with accuracy of ±10% around k = 1. The fraction wI of the molecules terminated by disproportionation or transfer reaction respectively has an error about ±0.1. Within this limits there is complete agreement between fractionation and kinetic calculation.
    Notes: Zwei Polystyrole werden radikalisch derart polymerisiert, daß die Molekülgröße einmal durch Kombination (Polystyrol A), das andere Mal durch Übertragung (Polystyrol B) bestimmt ist. Die hierbei zu erwartenden Molekulargewichtsverteilungen können durch die allgemeine Koppelungsgleichung (1) mit k = 2 bzw. k = 1 beschrieben werden, wobei kleine Abweichungen, die aus der Kinetik folgen, rechnerisch berücksichtigt werden.Die Polystyrole werden in einer Kolonne nach BAKER-WILLIAMS fraktioniert und das Ergebnis nach 3 Methoden ausgewertet. Aus der Fraktionentabelle läßt sich direkt P̄w und P̄n ausrechnen, wenn die 1. Fraktion eine entsprechende Korrektur erfährt. Verschiedene graphische Auswertungsmethoden werden diskutiert und die Genauigkeit der Aussagemöglichkeiten der Methoden geprüft. Beim gegenwärtigen Stand läßt sich k in der Umgebung von k = 1 auf etwa ± 10% genau bestimmen. Der Gewichtsbruch wI der durch Disproportionierung bzw. Übertragung beendeten Moleküle hat einen Fehler von etwa ±0,1. Innerhalb dieser Grenzen besteht völlige Übereinstimmung zwischen der Fraktionierung und der kinetischen Rechnung.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1962.020570113
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical decomposition of various peranhydrides and peresters (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 52 (1961), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We have studied the kinetics and the products of the thermal degradation of acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl (I), dibenzyl (II) and dicyclohexyl peroxide carbonate (III) in various solvents. The kinetic data show that the degradation is first-order with respect to the peroxide. The activation energies for the reaction in benzene, isopropyl alcohol and carbon tetrachloride have been calculated. It is suggested that the primary process is decomposition of the peroxide to free radicals according to the scheme: In solvents which easily give up hydrogen, such as isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen is removed with the formation of sulfonic acids from I and the corresponding alcohols from II and III: In benzene and carbon tetrachloride the ensuing free radicals disproportionate, forming chiefly unsaturated sulfonic acids on degradation of I, and carbonyl compounds and alcohol on degradation of II and III. It should be mentioned that no products of interaction with the solvent were found on degradation of peroxydicarbonates in benzene. In the degradation of (I), a resin was isolated, of which the nature was determined by decomposition in C14-labeled benzene. Also in the degradation of I, methyl sulfonate was detected in amounts which underwent almost no change on variation in concentration of I. This indicates that the methyl sulfonate was formed by the molecular decomposition of the initial peroxide:
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205215717
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