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  • Springer  (198)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (33)
  • 2000-2004  (136)
  • 1970-1974  (95)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 121-134 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Keywords Contamination ; Dereliction ; Desk studies ; Foundation remnants ; Rehabilitation ; Site investigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Contaminated and possibly hazardous ground represents a problem in all of the industrialized countries of the world. The investigation of a site that is suspected of being contaminated differs somewhat from a routine site investigation. Sampling of soils, groundwater and gas-producing material may be required. Various precautions may be necessary in doing this and operatives may have to wear protective clothing. Four case histories have been chosen to illustrate different aspects of the rehabilitation of abandoned contaminated land, namely, investigation, assessment, ground treatment and redevelopment. The first comes from Leeds in West Yorkshire, England, and outlines how a site investigation was undertaken and the nature of the contamination present, together with a note on the suggested redevelopment. The remaining three case histories are taken from the heavily industrialized district of the Ruhr in Germany, where extensive mining of coal and associated industries were developed from the mid-19th century onwards. The first considers the site of the former Graf Moltke mine near Essen. In this instance, the somewhat novel methods of data assessment and ground treatment are dealt with. The Mont Cenis site at Herne-Sodingen is one of the more notable old mining/industrial sites undergoing redevelopment in the state of North Rhine Westphalia. Hence, the case history concentrates of this aspect of rehabilitation. This involves not only the construction of new and interesting structures but an attempt to reduce energy consumption in an attempt to effect the concept of sustainable development of an urban area. The last example deals with the abandoned site of the Minister Achenbach mine at Lünen, where the ground conditions were further complicated by the presence of old bomb craters that had been filled with a variety of materials. In addition, because of the suspected presence of former foundation structures in the ground an electromagnetic survey was carried out across part of the site, the areas of high conductivity suggesting their presence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2000-12-13
    Print ISSN: 0943-0105
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0495
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 445-451 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth rates of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN), mixotrophic cryptophytes, dinoflagellates and ciliates in field assemblages from Ace Lake in the Vestfold Hills (eastern Antarctica) and Lakes Fryxell and Hoare (McMurdo Dry Valleys, western Antarctica), were determined during the austral summers of 1996/1997 and 1997/1998. The response of the nanoflagellates to temperature differed between lakes in eastern and western Antarctica. In Ace Lake the available bacterial food resources had little impact on growth rate, while temperature imposed an impact, whereas in Lake Hoare increased bacterial food resources elicited an increase in growth rate. However, the incorporation of published data from across Antarctica showed that temperature had the greater effect, but that growth is probably controlled by a suite of factors not solely related to bacterial food resources and temperature. Dinoflagellates had relatively high specific growth rates (0.0057–0.384 h−1), which were comparable to Antarctic lake ciliates and to dinoflagellates from warmer, lower latitude locations. Temperature did not appear to impose any significant impact on growth rates. Mixotrophic cryptophytes in Lake Hoare had lower specific growth rates than HNAN (0.0029–0.0059 h−1 and 0.0056–0.0127 h−1, respectively). They showed a marked seasonal variation in growth rate, which was probably related to photosynthetically active radiation under the ice at different depths in the water column. Ciliates' growth rates showed no relationship between food supply and mean cell volume, but did show a response to temperature. Specific growth rates ranged between 0.0033 and 0.150 h−1 for heterotrophic ciliates, 0.0143 h−1 for a mixotrophic Plagiocampa species and 0.0075 h−1 for the entirely autotrophic ciliate, Mesodinium rubrum. The data indicated that the scope for growth among planktonic Protozoa living in oligotrophic, cold extreme lake ecosystems is limited. These organisms are likely to suffer prolonged physiological stress, which may account for the highly variable growth rates seen within and between Antarctic lakes.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 479-487 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We used an acoustic tracking system to record under-ice movements of two free-ranging adult male Weddell seals. The two males were unconstrained and interacting with other Weddell seals at a breeding colony in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. We reconstructed three-dimensional paths of 279 dives by these seals. All dives were less than 20-min duration and none were deeper than 220 m. These three-dimensional dive profiles were compared with conventional time-depth dive profiles recorded using microprocessor loggers. We assigned each of the 279 dives to 1 of 6 classes using an existing classification scheme on the basis of the time-depth trace. Within these, two-dimensionally derived, classes the actual three-dimensional dive profiles at times varied profoundly. Additional parameters obtained with the acoustic system, such as bearing and distance travelled between diving and surfacing points, demonstrate that significant, additional, biologically important information can be derived from the three-dimensional data.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 92 (1974), S. 181-200 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Gnathonemus petersii respond to each other's electric organ discharge (EOD) with an “echo” discharge of their own at a latency of about 12 msec. This response persists until interfish distances reach about 30 cm (Fig. 4). 2. Artificial electrical stimuli were used to further characterize the response. Response threshold, latency dependence on stimulus intensity, polarity characteristics (Figs. 5–7), and differential regional sensitivity indicate that “medium” electroreceptors in the anterior region of the animal underlie the response. 3. Response probability depends upon the delay of the stimulus after the last EOD and also upon the instantaneous EOD rate (Figs. 8, 9). The echo response in turn resets the EOD rhythm of the responding animal (Fig. 10). These results suggest that the echo input pathway terminates on the presumed mesencephalic command center.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The major releasing stimulus in intraspecific nest defense ofLasioglossum zephyrum is the odor emitted by a non-resident bee. Non-resident bees older than two days emit the releasing odor and elicit aggressiveness by guard bees, whereas younger non-resident bees are accepted more often. Defense motivation is a function of nest age and/or ontogeny. As nests become older and cells are constructed and provisioned, there is a gradual increase in guard aggressiveness, although no one attribute of nest ontogeny (such as cell construction) seems to be a definitive point at which nest defense is initiated, nor is there any specific day after the emergence of the first bee when nest defense begins. The guard plays the major role in rejecting intruders, although other members of the colony may do so if a non-resident bee passes the guard and enters the nest.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 93 (1974), S. 183-193 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraspecific nest defense inLasioglossum zephyrum involves specific agonistic action patterns by guard bees released by non-resident intruders. When guards are not highly motivated, intention movements are exhibited which also occur in the context of more aggressive interactions. Antennation, either mutual or by one bee, usually occurs prior to aggressive movements. Two main action patterns occur when a non-resident bee attempts to enter a nest: (1) the guard blocks the nest entrance with the abdomen, which often leads to backing movements and abdominal thrusts to eject the intruder, (2) the guard assumes a fight posture with head and abdomen extended toward the intruder; from the fighting posture, lunging often results in which the guard moves forward, alternating between head (mandibular) and abdomen (sting) thrusts. Most interactions are one-sided, with the intruder retreating from the guard, but mutual more intense fighting does occur.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 93 (1974), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In laboratory colonies ofLasioglossum zephyrum, derived from unrelated pupae and in nests with identical soil and food sources, guards recognize non-resident conspecifics on the basis of odor discrimination. Odors which are important in this recognition mechanism seem to be individual bee odors. The system of recognition may be one of the following: 1. The guard recognizes the summation of odors emitted by all resident bees, and a non-resident intruder emitting an odor which is not part of this repertoire elicits aggressive responses by the guard, or 2. the guard becomes habituated to the odors of each resident bee, and a non-resident intruder emitting an odor to which the guard is not habituated, elicits aggressive responses.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 92 (1974), S. 201-228 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The electric organ discharge (EOD) patterns seen in pairs of mormyrid fishes (Gnathonemus petersii) during displays related to aggression and establishment of dominance are described. 2. A new method of reliably separating the discharges of the two fish was used. In this method a fine wire was attached to the tail of one animal (Fig. 1). 3. Discharge patterns were examined at different stages during the characteristic sequence of overt behavioral events which usually occurred after an intruder was put into a tank in which another fish of the same species had been resident for 1 hour or more. The resident attacked the intruder immediately, the intruder being initially unresponsive. After a few minutes, however, the two fish entered into intense, mutual, antiparallel displays (Fig. 2). The displays occurred repeatedly during a period of 0.5–30 min. This period ended suddenly with one of the fish clearly dominant as shown by one-sided attacks and avoiding behavior by the submissive fish. 4. All attacks were accompanied by a smooth acceleration to a high discharge rate which was usually terminated abruptly (Fig. 3). Anti-parallel behavior was accompanied by similar accelerations in both fish. Interdischarge intervals during these high rates changed discretely between those of about 15 msec and those of about 9 msec (Figs. 3–9). Initial attacks before the antiparallel period usually produced no effect or a brief acceleration in the discharges of the attacked animal. Similar attacks when dominance was well established caused a slowing of the discharge rate of the attacked fish. 5. The echo response in which one fish responds to the EOD of another with a discharge of its own at a latency between 11 and 14 msec was seen at all stages of the encounter. This latency corresponded rather exactly to the gap in the interval histogram between the shorter intervals around 9 msec and the longer ones around 15 (Figs. 11, 12). This correspondence led to a degree of avoidance of near synchronous discharges during those attacks which did not cause either slowing or accelerations in the attacked animal (Fig. 11). A degree of synchrony avoidance also occurred during the mutually high discharge rates of antiparallel behavior. This resulted from the phase locking of the two discharge trains which was often present at these times and which was probably due to the echo responses (Fig. 13). 6. Several features of the individual discharge trains and of their interaction were examined during the period of antiparallel activity. This was done in order to see if some critical parameter could be detected which would allow one to predict the winner of the encounter and which might be used as a signal by the fish themselves. No single feature among those we examined was clearly and consistently related to the outcome of the encounter.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 102 (1972), S. 206-214 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gametophytes of Pteridium aquilinum fed for six days with 50 and 75 p.p.m. thiouracil ceased to produce archegonia, but archegonia already initiated completed their development. Eggs produced in the presence of 50 p.p.m. thiouracil were viable, but embryogenesis was retarded. Gametophytes fed with 75 p.p.m. thiouracil mostly remained barren after insemination, the eggs being inviable, but others produced outgrowths from the archegoniate region which were either gametophytic, or sporophytic with a tendency to revert morphologically and functionally to gametophytic tissue. Thiouracil administered after fertilization either prevented embryogenesis, or retarded it, the sporophytes then being deformed and often showing a tendency to produce gametophytic tissue. The embryo became less sensitive to short periods of thiouracil as it developed, possibly because of the appearance of relatively quiescent regions, serving as reservoirs of unaffected cells. The results are held to support the view that the genes responsible for sporophytic growth become activated during oogenesis, and that the cytoplasm of the mature egg already contains the information leading to this kind of growth.
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