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  • 1
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    Net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide and water of far eastern Siberian Larch (Larix cajanderii) on permafrost (2004)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-23
    Description: Observations of the net ecosystem exchange of water and CO2 were made during two seasons in 2000 and 2001 above a Larch forest in Far East Siberia (Yakutsk). The measurements were obtained by eddy correlation. There is a very sharply pronounced growing season of 100 days when the forest is leaved. Maximum half hourly uptake rates are 18 µmol m-2 s-1; maximum respiration rates are 5 µmol m-2 s-1. Net annual sequestration of carbon was estimated at 160 gCm-2 in 2001. Applying no correction for low friction velocities added 60 g C m-2. The net carbon exchange of the forest was extremely sensitive to small changes in weather that may switch the forest easily from a sink to a source, even in summer. June was the month with highest uptake in 2001. The average evaporation rate of the forest approached 1.46 mm day-1 during the growing season, with peak values of 3 mm day-1 with an estimated annual evaporation of 213 mm, closely approaching the average annual rainfall amount. 2001 was a drier year than 2000 and this is reflected in lower evaporation rates in 2001 than in 2000. The surface conductance of the forest shows a marked response to increasing atmospheric humidity deficits. This affects the CO2 uptake and evaporation in a different manner, with the CO2 uptake being more affected. There appears to be no change in the relation between surface conductance and net ecosystem uptake normalized by the atmospheric humidity deficit at the monthly time scale. The response to atmospheric humidity deficit is an efficient mechanism to prevent severe water loss during the short intense growing season. The associated cost to the sequestration of carbon may be another explanation for the slow growth of these forests in this environment.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 2
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    Net ecosystem exchange of carbondioxide and water of far eastern Siberian Larch (Larix dahurica) on permafrost (2004)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-06
    Description: Observations of the net ecosystem exchange of water and CO2were made during two seasons in 2000 and 2001 above a Larch forest in Far East Siberia (Yakutsk). The measurements were obtained by eddy correlation. There is a very sharply pronounced growing season of 100 days when the forest is leaved. Maximum daytime uptake rates are 18 μmol m-2 s-1 maximum respiration rates are 5 μmol m-2 s-1. Net annual sequestration of carbon (C) was estimated at 1.7 (±0.5) ton C ha-1 in 2001. The net carbon exchange of the forest was extremely sensitive to small changes in weather that may switch the forest easily from a sink to a source, even in summer. June was the month with highest uptake in 2001. The average evaporation rate of the forest approached 1.46mm day-1 during the growing season, with peak values of 3mm day-1 with an estimated annual evaporation of 213mm, closely approaching the average annual rainfall amount. 2001 was a drier year than 2000 and this is reflected in the evaporation rates that show lower evaporation rates in 2001 than in 2000. The surface conductance of the forest shows a marked response to increasing atmospheric humidity deficits. This affects the CO2 uptake and evaporation in a different manner, with the CO2 uptake being more affected. There appears to be no change in the relation between surface conductance and normalized net ecosystem uptake at the monthly time scale. The response to atmospheric humidity deficits is an efficient mechanism to prevent severe water loss during the short intense growing season. The associated cost to the sequestration of carbon may be another explanation for the slow growth of these forests in this environment.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma induced smoothing of a spatially incoherent laser beam and reduction of backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1319-1328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The angular divergence and spectral bandwidth of a spatially incoherent laser beam propagating in an underdense plasma are shown to correspond to additional spatial and temporal incoherence in the regime where the average laser intensity in a speckle approaches the self-focusing threshold. The transverse and longitudinal sizes of laser speckles inside the plasma are related in a way that makes it possible to define a local effective beam f-number. The effective f-number decreases as light propagates through the plasma, and the effective f-number at the outgoing boundary is consistent with the transmitted light angular spreading. The spectral broadening and red shift of the transmitted light are interpreted as a result of multiple near-forward stimulated Brillouin scattering of the propagating laser beam. The reduction of backward stimulated Brillouin scattering follows from decrease of the effective speckle length and from the plasma induced temporal incoherence. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1352056
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear stimulated Brillouin scattering in inhomogeneous plasmas (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4227-4237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The combined effects of ion-acoustic nonlinearity and plasma inhomogeneity on a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) are considered in the model of coupled Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and electromagnetic wave equations. In the regime of linear ion-acoustic waves the results are in good agreement with the existing linear theories of SBS and demonstrate the regimes of both convective and absolute instabilities. New features of SBS saturation due to ion-acoustic nonlinearity and pump depletion in inhomogeneous plasmas are found. They include the scaling for saturated reflectivity, the transition from convective to absolute growth, and the temporal pulsations of the reflectivity coefficient. The autoresonance process is analyzed and its relevance to SBS for realistic plasma parameters is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288680
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductance oscillations induced by longitudinal resonant states in heteroepitaxially defined Ga0.25In0.75As/InP electron waveguides (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2274-2276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured at low temperatures the conductance of electron waveguides fabricated from modulation-doped quantum wells by wet etching and regrowth. We have found that, for a waveguide with abruptly changed geometry at the entrance and exit, the conductance shows oscillations, which are superimposed on a conventional conductance plateau structure. The periods and amplitudes of conductance oscillations depend on the length to width aspect ratio of the waveguide. In addition, the amplitudes of conductance oscillations decrease with increasing temperature. We propose that the observed oscillations are caused by the formation of longitudinal resonant electron states in the waveguide, in analogy with optical Fabry–Perot effects. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126319
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear operation of GaInAs/InP-based three-terminal ballistic junctions (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1384-1386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on nonlinear electrical properties of three-terminal ballistic junctions (TBJs) based on high-electron-mobility GaInAs/InP quantum-well structures. Nonlinear electrical transport behavior of the TBJs is found, and we show a correlation between this behavior and the linear regime of electron transmission in the devices. We also study device geometry effects on these electrical properties of the TBJs. Finally, we demonstrate room-temperature operation of the devices. The results obtained are compared with recent predictions by Xu [H. Q. Xu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 2064 (2001)] and good agreement is found. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1396626
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium Nitride Bulk Crystals by Sublimation Method: Growth and X-Ray Characterization (2002)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 389-393 (Apr. 2002), p. 1453-1456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/06/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.389-393.1453.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A semi-micro-method for the determination of quinoid groups in humic acids (1970)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 58 (1970), S. 1247-1254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode für die Bestimmung von Chinoidgruppen in Huminsäuren wurde ausgearbeitet, die auf deren Reduktion mit Fe(II) in alkalischer Triäthanolaminlösung und der biamperometrischen Titration des Reduktionsmittelüberschusses beruht. Die Reduktion wird in homogenem Milieu unter milden Bedingungen durchgeführt, wobei für jede Chinoidcarbonylgruppe ein Äquivalent des Reduktionsmittels verbraucht wird. Hochkonjugierte aromatische Ketone können gleichfalls mit diesem Reagens reduziert werden, aber in den meisten untersuchten Huminsäuren fehlen Carbonylgruppen solchen Typs entweder ganz oder sie sind nur in sehr kleinen Mengen vorhanden.
    Notes: Summary A method for determining quinoid groups in humic acids based on their reduction with Fe(II) in a triethanolamine alkaline solution followed by amperometric titration of the excess reductant is described. The reduction reaction proceeds in a homogeneous medium under mild conditions, one equivalent of the reducing agent being consumed per each quinoid carbonyl. Highly conjugated aromatic ketones were also reduced by the reagent used. However, in the majority of the humic acid samples studied, they were present in insignificant quantities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215962
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Off-diagonal quark distributions in pions in the effective single-instanton approximation (2000)
    Springer
    Physics of atomic nuclei 63 (2000), S. 489-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7788
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nonperturbative functions that parametrize off-diagonal hadronic matrix elements of the light-cone leading-twist quark operators are considered. These functions are calculated within the proposed relativistic quark model allowing for the nontrivial structure of the QCD vacuum, special attention being given to gauge invariance. Hadrons are treated as bound states of quarks; strong-interaction quark-pion vertices are described by effective interaction Lagrangians generated by instantons. The parameters of the instanton vacuum, such as the effective radius of the instanton and the quark mass, are related to the vacuum expectation values of the quark-gluon operators of the lowest dimension and to low-energy pion observables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.855657
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perceptions of Proper Ethical Conduct of Male and Female Russian Managers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 24 (2000), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the impact of gender on perceptions of various business practices by male and female Russian managers. Female managers considered various activities such as doing personal business on company time, falsifying time/quality/quantity reports, padding an expense account more than 10 percent, calling in sick to take a day off, and pilfering organization materials and supplies more unethical than male managers. Female managers also perceived the acceptance of gifts and favors in exchange for preferential treatment more unethical than male managers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006002030496
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