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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto polyester fibers. III. Electrokinetic properties of acrylic acid and acrylonitrile-grafted polyester fibers in the presence of cationic dyes (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 2139-2146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The electrokinetic properties such as zeta potential, surface charge density, and surface conductivity of polyester fibers grafted with acrylic acid and acrylonitrile were measured when cationic dye solutions were streamed through. The presence of the cationic dyes on the surface of the fibers and their specific adsorption at the carboxylic groups in the acrylic acid graft copolymer produce lowering of zeta potential. The decrease in surface charge density as the percent graft increases is due to the decrease in surface area of the fibers due to the adsorption of the cationic dyes. The same trend is observed with acrylonitrile-grafted fibers. The surface conductivity of the acrylonitrile-grafted polyester fibers increases with increase in dye concentration of the streaming solution. The results for the 27.4% grafted sample differed from those of the 7.32% and 12.1% grafts, which is indicative of the formation of a three-dimensional network causing change in both the physical structure as well as the chemical nature of the surface of the substrate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230724
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto polyester fibers. II. Kinetics of grafting of acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and vinyl acetate onto polyester fibers (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 2133-2138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of grafting of acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, and vinyl acetate onto polyester fiber by catalytic initiation and radiation were studied. The energy of activation determined for acrylic acid grafting by the catalytic method was 10.7 kcal/mole and that for vinyl acetate grafting by the radiation method, 11.7 kcal/mole. In the case of acrylonitrile grafting by the catalytic method, the rate of grafting decreased with increase in temperature of grafting, showing the differential behavior of the precipitating type of polymer from that of homogeneous polymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230723
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma ray-induced graft copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid to nylon 6 fabric (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Kinetics of radiation-induced grafting of acrylamide (Aam) and acrylic acid (Aa) to nylon 6 fabric were investigated employing a mutual radiation technique. Copper sulfate was used as the radical scavenger to reduce homopolymer formation. Formic acid was used for swelling, and its effect on grafting was studied. Maximum amount of grafting was doubled when formic acid was used for swelling nylon prior to, but not during, irradiation. The rate of grafting was not significantly affected if it was carried out in an atmosphere of air instead of nitrogen. The effect of monomer concentration, dose rate, and total dose on grafting has been studied. Rate of grafting was significantly higher when lower dose rates and monomer concentrations were used. Saturation grafting was proportional to monomer concentration up to 2.1M. Initial rate of grafting was proportional to monomer concentration. The rate of grafting of Aam was proportional to the dose rate to the power 0.25-1.0. A synergestic effect was noticed during grafting with mixtures of Aam and Aa (80:20; 20:80). Grafted fabrics showed considerable increase in moisture regain. Dyeability and tensile properties of the grafted fabrics were not significantly affected by grafting. Aa-grafted fabrics did not melt up to 320°C, whereas untreated nylon melts at 215°C.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190101
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting on polyester fibers (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 461-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acrylic acid (AA) and acrylonitrile (AN) were used to carry out grafting on polyester (PE) fibers using the techniques of initiation by γ-radiation as well as benzoyl peroxide. The nature of the grafted fiber substance was found to be the same, irrespective of the grafting technique. Extent of grafting depended upon the time, concentration of the initiator, and the monomer as well as on the irradiation dose. The increase in the moisture regain was directly proportional to the amount of graft in the fiber. AA grafted fibers were rendered more hydrophilic than AN grafted fibers for equivalent amount of grafts. Considerable improvement in dyeability of the PE fibers was possible through grafting. About 50% to 100% improvement with disperse dyes was observed in case of PE fibers containing 22.4% and 9.0% graft of AA and AN, respectively. Intense fast dyeing with direct and basic (cationic) dyes was also possible, and the dye content was proportional to the extent of graft introduced in the fiber. The CN groups were reduced to NH2 groups in the AN graft on the fiber. In this way, deep, fast, and bright dyeing was obtained with reactive dyes. Electrokinetic studies were carried out on the grafted fibers. With the increased amount of AA graft, the maxima in the zeta potential curve shifted toward higher acidic pH as greater amounts of alkali was utilized by the —COOH groups in the graft. In this respect, CN groups were less sensitive due to their lesser polarity as compared to the carboxylic groups. It was observed from surface charge density (S.C.D.) studies that the effective surface area of the fiber decreased with the increase in the amount of graft, particularly in case of AN graft. Surface conductivity (S.C.) studies revealed that with increase in the number of polar groups (—COOH) on the surface of the fiber, the S.C. increased with the increase in the amount of AA graft. In case of AN grafts, the reduction in effective surface area of the fiber played a more important role than the contribution by the CN groups to surface conductivity.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mass spectrum of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone oxime (1977)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1977), S. 536-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone Oxime is found to undergo loss of OH·, H2O, NHOH·; and PhCNO when subjected to electron impact, revealing novel hydrogen and skeletal migrations. The fragmentation mechanisms are found to differ considerably from those of benzophenone oxime and we confirmed these cleavages by exact mass measurements and deuterium labelling.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210120811
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron impact studies on some aryl heteryl ketoximes (1977)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1977), S. 411-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of nine aryl heteryl ketoximes indicated that a gaseous phase Beckmann rearrangement occurs to a significant extent, as confirmed by the exact mass measurements of the resulting aroyl cation peaks. Loss of oxygen, hydroxyl radical and migration of the oxime hydrogen to the heterocycle is observed to take place in varying proportions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210120614
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of oxidation of some amino acids by KMNO4 in a moderately concentrated H2SO4 medium in the presence and absence of Ag+ (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of oxidation of glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, serine threonine, aspartic, and glutamic acid by acid permanganate were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of the reactions. The rate law was found to be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{{ - d[Mn\left({VII} \right)]}}{{dt}} = k_0 [a\min oacid][Mn\left({VII} \right)] $$\end{document} The reactions were found to be acid catalyzed, and the kinetic data indicate the participation of the water molecules in the rate-determining step as a proton-abstracting agent from the substrate, as per Bunnett's hypothesis. As Ag+ was found to catalyze these reactions, the oxidation of glycine and glutamic acid was studied, and the rate law was found to be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{{ - d\ln [Mn\left({VII} \right)]}}{{dt}} = \frac{{Kk_c^{''} [a\min oacid][Ag^ +]}}{{1 + K[a\min oacid] = K[Ag^ +]}}$$\end{document} A probable mechanism consistent with the observed results is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field desorption mass spectrometry of phospholipids. II - fragmentation of dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline from comparison of d0, d4 and d9 speciesFor communication describing preliminary work, see Ref. 6. (1976)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1976), S. 172-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Field desorption mass spectra have been obtained for dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline-d0, -d4 and -d9. The two latter compounds were synthesized from dimethylene-d4 choline bromide and trimethyl-d9 choline bromide, respectively. Comparison was made of spectra of these three compounds obtained at different field anode temperatures in order to establish the composition of the major cleavage, rearrangement, and association ions. At low anode heating currents (≤ 20 mA) the most intense peak is [M + 1]+ which accounts for c. one-third of the total ionization. At higher temperatures various fragmentation processes, some of which are without analogy in electron impact mass spectrometry, become more important. The presence of an intermolecular methyl transfer process has been confirmed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200030406
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent effect on the time constant of concentrated polymer solutions (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 1663-1676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The time constant, τ, signifying the onset of non-Newtonian behavior of polymer solutions is known to be a function of mass concentration, C, molecular weight, M, temperature, T, and zero shear viscosity, η0. Williams' theory predicts that the time constant is also affected by the solvent character. To study the predicted effect, the time constants of poly(methyl methacrylate) solutions in chlorobenzene (good solvent) and m-xylene (poor solvent) were experimentally determined. It was found that the ratio of the time constant to the Rouse relaxation time was a function of the combined variable CM. For all values of CM, both the time constant and the ratio of the time constant to the Rouse relaxation time were larger in a poor solvent than in a good solvent. This behavior may be attributed to the relatively stronger attractive interpolymer molecular forces present in solutions in poor solvents. As the temperature is raised the poor solvent becomes better and the ratio of the time constant to the Rouse relaxation time is found to become independent of solvent character.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190617
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on wire coating extrusion. I. The rheology of wire coating extrusion (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 1019-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Wire coating extrusion was studied, both experimentally and theoretically, using a pressure-type die. For the experimental study, a wire coating apparatus of laboratory scale was constructed, consisting of a pay-off device, extruder, cross-head and pressure-type die, cooling trough, and take-up device. The materials used were low- and high-density polyethylenes and thermoplastic rubber. The following measurements were taken during the experiments: (1) the axial pressure profiles in the die, (2) melt flow rate, and (3) take-up speed. The measurements were then used to determine the effect of the rheological properties of the polymers on the performance of the wire coating operation. It was found that a reduction in axial pressure gradient and a reduction in the recoverable elastic strain of a molten polymer at the die exit can be realized as the speed of the wire is increased. For the theoretical study, using a power-law model, the equations of motion were solved numerically to predict the volumetric flow rate as functions of the pressure gradient in the die and the rheological properties of the polymer being extruded. Solution of the system equations permitted us to predict the velocity profile and shear stress distributions of a molten polymer inside a pressure-type wire coating die.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760181309
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