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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of symmetrical and spherical solutes in protic, aprotic, and hydrocarbon solvents (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 8 (1979), S. 461-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Diffusion ; Stokes Law ; nonelectrolytes ; rare gases ; tetraalkyltins ; tetraalkylmethanes ; carbon tetrachloride ; methane ; hexane ; decane ; tetradecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The diffusion coefficients of a series of symmetrical tetraalkyltins (tetramethyltin, tetraethyltin, tetrapropyltin, tetrabutyltin, tetradodecyltin) of the gases argon, krypton, xenon, methane, and tetramethylmethane and of carbon tetrachloride and tetraethylmethane in hexane, decane, and tetradecane at 25°C have been determined using the Taylor dispersion technique. Diffusion coefficients for the gases in acetone, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-octanol were also determined. Deviations from the predictions of Stokes' law were found to be large, and the magnitude of the deviation can be directly related to solute size. The predictions of the Hubbard-Onsager equation were tested using the diffusion data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved stochastic separated flow model for turbulent two-phase flow (2000)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 24 (2000), S. 491-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  An improved stochastic separated flow model is proposed to obtain reasonable statistical characteristics of a two-phase flow. Effects of the history of a particle and its current trajectory position on the mean-square fluctuating velocity of the dispersed phase are continuously considered in this model. Comparing with the conventional model, results using the improved model are more reasonable and can also be obtained more easily. Furthermore, the improved model requires less computational particles for simulating dispersed-phase turbulence at the beginning of the stochastic trajectory. In this paper, an application in turbulent two-phase flow of planar mixing layer is carried out. Numerical results including velocity, mean-square fluctuating velocity, particle number density and pdf of fluctuation velocity of dispersed phase are shown to compare well with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Net shape ceramic microcomponents by modified sol–gel casting (2000)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 6 (2000), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Development of ceramic microcomponents can open up the current silicon-based MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) technology to new applications, especially for use in high temperature, chemically reactive environments. We report a study of sol–gel technologies applied to the fabrication of microcomponents. Organic/inorganic hybrid materials, particularly silica-based hybrids, were developed by sol–gel processing. A weak silica network was made possible by using acid catalyst, low functionality organic precursor in the sol preparation. Since the weak network has a high tendency to collapse, the result is a denser material. Incorporation of organic ligands modifies the surface chemistry of gel network so that a greater drying stress was developed and a denser hybrid structure was achieved without high temperature treatment. In addition, the incorporation of organic ligands prevented formation of cracks. Nanoscale oxide particles were dispersed and incorporated into the gel network by surface condensation. The incorporation of titania nanoparticles into sols greatly reduced the volume shrinkage of gels and enhanced the mechanical strength of the components. In this work, silica sol was also applied to coat metallic microcomponents and a thin uniform coating was formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420000051
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concanavalin A induced apoptosis in murine macrophage PU5-1.8 cells through clustering of mitochondria and release of cytochrome c (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 369-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: apoptosis ; concanavalin A ; cytochrome c release ; mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concanavalin A (ConA), normally a mitogen of T-lymphocytes, was found to be a cell cycle-independent apoptosis-inducing agent in cultured murine macrophage PU5-1.8 cells. This assertion is based on the following observations: (1) ConA increased the number of cells with hypo-diploid DNA in a dose dependent manner as revealed by flow cytometry; (2) ConA elicited DNA fragmentation and the cytotoxicity of ConA was suppressed by α-D-methylmannoside which blocks the lectin site of ConA; (3) ConA was able to release cytochrome c (cyto c) into the cytosol of PU5-1.8 cells. When isolated mitochondria were incubated with ConA, release of cyto c was observed too. Interestingly, clustering of mitochondria was found in the cytosol under a confocal microscope after ConA treatment. When cells were incubated with ConA-FITC and subsequently with mitotracker red (a probe for mitochondria), co-localization of fluorescence signals was observed. These results suggest that ConA was delivered to the mitochondria, induced mitochondrial clustering and released cyto c. Our results also show that introduction of exogenous cyto c electroporationally into ConA-untreated cells elicited DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, introduction of specific antibody against cyto c into PU5-1.8 cells suppressed the ConA-mediated cell death. Taken together, our results indicate that ConA induced apoptosis in PU5-1.8 cells through mitochondrial clustering and release of cyto c and the release of cyto c was sufficient to elicit apoptosis in PU5-1.8 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009691727077
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow behaviour of titanium dioxide dispersions in the presence of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose ; Titanium dioxide ; Molecular weight ; Steric yield stress ; Viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) of weight-average molecular weight 15,000, 90,000 and 7,20,000 on the rheological properties of TiO2 dispersions were evaluated. For all three HECs, the maximum yield stress, τymax, (occurred at zero zeta potential), decreased with increasing HEC concentration. Interestingly, the largest reduction in τymax was observed with the HEC with the highest molecular weight. This reduction was attributed to steric interaction arising from adsorbed HEC. Adsorbed high-molecular-weight HEC formed an effectively thicker steric barrier because of its larger size and higher adsorption capacity. Bridging interactions that were expected to be important for the high-molecular-weight HEC were found to be unimportant here. In the flocculated regime, HEC enhanced the shear-thinning characteristics of the TiO2 dispersions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050544
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dynamic photoelastic analysis of dynamic-tear-test specimen (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 16 (1976), S. 176-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic photoelasticity was used to analyze the transient response of dynamic-tear-test (DTT) specimens, .0889×.400m (3.5×15 in.) in size, machined from .0095m (3/8 in.)-thick Homalite-100 plates. Dynamic-stress-intensity factors, dynamic-energy release rates, and crack velocities in ten specimens were determined. Dynamic tear energies were obtained by integrating the area under the dynamic-energy release-rate curves. The average dynamic-energy release rates which were obtained by dividing the dynamic tear energies by the total length of the crack paths, were found to be approximately equal to the critical strain-energy release rate of Homalite-100. Results of the drop-weight-hammer impact vs. crack-initiation experiments showed that the crack initiated after the first buildup of impact forces in the hammer, thus indicating possible ambiguity in using a specified location on the hammer-force curve to derive a comparable static-fracture load for the DTT specimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327995
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal-transient effects on pressure measurements (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 19 (1979), S. 324-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A set of experiments were performed on a flush-mounted strain-gage pressure transducer to determine the nature of erroneous responses induced by two types of thermal transients. The thermal transients studied were a constant step increase in transducer-diaphragm surface temperature, and a constant step increase in diaphragm-surface heat flux. The responses of the transducer to changes in ambient temperature and to temperature gradients in the transducer housing at steady state were investigated also. Analytic models for the transducer were solved under the experimental conditions and compared with the experimental results for the first two transients. These models predicted the response of the transducer quite well for about the first 25 percent of the transient period. Beyond this short time, the transducer behavior was drastically different from the models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324153
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  • 8
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    Error Sources Affecting Variable Rate Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1385-2256
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1618
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Purge and trap method to determine alpha factors of VOC liquid-phase mass transfer coefficients (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-01
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Thermal-transient effects on pressure measurements (1979)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4851
    Electronic ISSN: 1741-2765
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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