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  • Rats  (292)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (292)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2000-2004  (97)
  • 1980-1984  (195)
  • 1940-1944
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (292)
  • Springer Nature
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: Most traditional cytotoxic anticancer agents ablate the rapidly dividing epithelium of the hair follicle and induce alopecia (hair loss). Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), a positive regulator of eukaryotic cell cycle progression, may represent a therapeutic strategy for prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) by arresting the cell cycle and reducing the sensitivity of the epithelium to many cell cycle-active antitumor agents. Potent small-molecule inhibitors of CDK2 were developed using structure-based methods. Topical application of these compounds in a neonatal rat model of CIA reduced hair loss at the site of application in 33 to 50% of the animals. Thus, inhibition of CDK2 represents a potentially useful approach for the prevention of CIA in cancer patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, S T -- Benson, B G -- Bramson, H N -- Chapman, D E -- Dickerson, S H -- Dold, K M -- Eberwein, D J -- Edelstein, M -- Frye, S V -- Gampe Jr, R T -- Griffin, R J -- Harris, P A -- Hassell, A M -- Holmes, W D -- Hunter, R N -- Knick, V B -- Lackey, K -- Lovejoy, B -- Luzzio, M J -- Murray, D -- Parker, P -- Rocque, W J -- Shewchuk, L -- Veal, J M -- Walker, D H -- Kuyper, L F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. std41085@glaxowellcome.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alopecia/*chemically induced/*prevention & control ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antineoplastic Agents/*toxicity ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/toxicity ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cyclophosphamide/toxicity ; Cytoprotection/drug effects ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Doxorubicin/toxicity ; Drug Design ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Epithelium/drug effects ; Etoposide/toxicity ; Hair Follicle/cytology/*drug effects ; Humans ; Indoles/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Rats ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Scalp/transplantation ; Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses and has been implicated in many pathological conditions. We used structure-based design to engineer variant TNF proteins that rapidly form heterotrimers with native TNF to give complexes that neither bind to nor stimulate signaling through TNF receptors. Thus, TNF is inactivated by sequestration. Dominant-negative TNFs represent a possible approach to anti-inflammatory biotherapeutics, and experiments in animal models show that the strategy can attenuate TNF-mediated pathology. Similar rational design could be used to engineer inhibitors of additional TNF superfamily cytokines as well as other multimeric ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steed, Paul M -- Tansey, Malu G -- Zalevsky, Jonathan -- Zhukovsky, Eugene A -- Desjarlais, John R -- Szymkowski, David E -- Abbott, Christina -- Carmichael, David -- Chan, Cheryl -- Cherry, Lisa -- Cheung, Peter -- Chirino, Arthur J -- Chung, Hyo H -- Doberstein, Stephen K -- Eivazi, Araz -- Filikov, Anton V -- Gao, Sarah X -- Hubert, Rene S -- Hwang, Marian -- Hyun, Linus -- Kashi, Sandhya -- Kim, Alice -- Kim, Esther -- Kung, James -- Martinez, Sabrina P -- Muchhal, Umesh S -- Nguyen, Duc-Hanh T -- O'Brien, Christopher -- O'Keefe, Donald -- Singer, Karen -- Vafa, Omid -- Vielmetter, Jost -- Yoder, Sean C -- Dahiyat, Bassil I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1895-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Xencor, 111 West Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy ; Biopolymers ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Progression ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Galactosamine/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; *Protein Engineering ; Rats ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease, characterized by inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, possibly due to autoimmunity. Large-scale sequencing of cDNA libraries, derived from plaques dissected from brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), indicated an abundance of transcripts for osteopontin (OPN). Microarray analysis of spinal cords from rats paralyzed by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, also revealed increased OPN transcripts. Osteopontin-deficient mice were resistant to progressive EAE and had frequent remissions, and myelin-reactive T cells in OPN-/- mice produced more interleukin 10 and less interferon-gamma than in OPN+/+ mice. Osteopontin thus appears to regulate T helper cell-1 (TH1)-mediated demyelinating disease, and it may offer a potential target in blocking development of progressive MS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chabas, D -- Baranzini, S E -- Mitchell, D -- Bernard, C C -- Rittling, S R -- Denhardt, D T -- Sobel, R A -- Lock, C -- Karpuj, M -- Pedotti, R -- Heller, R -- Oksenberg, J R -- Steinman, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1731-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, B002, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ; Experimental/genetics/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Interferon-gamma/genetics/metabolism ; Interleukin-10/genetics/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Multiple Sclerosis/*genetics/immunology/*metabolism/pathology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osteopontin ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Sialoglycoproteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/immunology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: Skeletal muscle adapts to decreases in activity and load by undergoing atrophy. To identify candidate molecular mediators of muscle atrophy, we performed transcript profiling. Although many genes were up-regulated in a single rat model of atrophy, only a small subset was universal in all atrophy models. Two of these genes encode ubiquitin ligases: Muscle RING Finger 1 (MuRF1), and a gene we designate Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx), the latter being a member of the SCF family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Overexpression of MAFbx in myotubes produced atrophy, whereas mice deficient in either MAFbx or MuRF1 were found to be resistant to atrophy. These proteins are potential drug targets for the treatment of muscle atrophy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bodine, S C -- Latres, E -- Baumhueter, S -- Lai, V K -- Nunez, L -- Clarke, B A -- Poueymirou, W T -- Panaro, F J -- Na, E -- Dharmarajan, K -- Pan, Z Q -- Valenzuela, D M -- DeChiara, T M -- Stitt, T N -- Yancopoulos, G D -- Glass, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1704-8. Epub 2001 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591-6707, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Creatine Kinase/genetics ; Creatine Kinase, MM Form ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Hindlimb Suspension ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle Proteins/genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Muscular Atrophy/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; MyoD Protein/genetics ; Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5 ; Myogenin/genetics ; Peptide Synthases/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases ; *Trans-Activators ; Up-Regulation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogen with hormonal activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Material cross-reacting with EGF was detected in the central nervous system of the developing and adult albino rat by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. High concentrations of EGF-cross-reacting material were identified in forebrain and midbrain structures of pallidal areas of the brain. These include the globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the islands of Calleja . Thus, EGF may represent another gut-brain peptide with potential neurotransmitter-neuromodulator functions in pallidal structures of the extrapyramidal motor systems of the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fallon, J H -- Seroogy, K B -- Loughlin, S E -- Morrison, R S -- Bradshaw, R A -- Knaver, D J -- Cunningham, D D -- GM31609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS16017/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS19964/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6144184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/growth & development/*physiology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*physiology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Globus Pallidus/physiology ; Mitogens/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Rats
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1984-02-17
    Description: The effect of hypoxic exposure on various mitochondrial enzymes and on cell mitochondrial genomic content was studied in two types of mammalian cells. Hypoxia depressed the activity of six enzymes to the same degree. The kinetics of depression and of recovery during reexposure to normoxia were statistically similar for three marker enzymes. Despite the global and symmetrical decrease in enzyme activities, mitochondrial DNA remained constant. This suggests either symmetrical loss of mitochondrial enzymes from all mitochondria or complete loss of enzymes from a subpopulation of mitochondria with retention of an intact mitochondrial genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, B J -- Robin, E D -- Tapper, D P -- Wong, R J -- Clayton, D A -- 5 R01 HL23701-14/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 17;223(4637):707-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6320368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Anoxia/physiopathology ; Citrate (si)-Synthase/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics/*metabolism ; Macrophages/*enzymology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*enzymology ; Mitochondria, Muscle/*enzymology ; Oxidoreductases/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases/*metabolism ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: Long-term infusion of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol into the third ventricle of the rat brain caused a stabilization of body weight at a lower than normal level. Among the glucose- and glycerol-treated animals this weight loss was caused in part by temporary hypophagia. Among the animals treated with beta-hydroxybutyrate the weight loss was unaccompanied by a reduction in food intake. The results are consistent with the view that the systems controlling food intake and body weight are sensitive to the availability of brain fuels. They are not consistent however, with the view that these control systems monitor calories independently of their source.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, J D -- Wirtshafter, D -- Asin, K E -- Brief, D -- AM 26030/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):81-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7193909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid ; Animals ; *Appetite Regulation/drug effects ; *Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm ; Drinking/drug effects ; *Eating/drug effects ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; Glycerol/*pharmacology ; Hydroxybutyrates/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1982-02-26
    Description: The glucagon analog [l-N alpha-trinitrophenylhistidine, 12-homoarginine]-glucagon (THG) was examined for its ability to lower blood glucose concentrations in rats made diabetic with streptozotocin. In vitro, THG is a potent antagonist of glucagon activation of the hepatic adenylate cyclase assay system. Intravenous bolus injections of THG caused rapid decreases (20 to 35 percent) of short duration in blood glucose. Continuous infusion of low concentrations of the inhibitor led to larger sustained decreases in blood glucose (30 to 65 percent). These studies demonstrate that a glucagon receptor antagonist can substantially reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic animals without addition of exogenous insulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, D G -- Goebel, C U -- Hruby, V J -- Bregman, M D -- Trivedi, D -- AM21085/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM25318/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 26;215(4536):1115-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6278587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*drug therapy ; Glucagon/*analogs & derivatives/*antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Hyperglycemia/*drug therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*drug effects ; Receptors, Glucagon ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: The release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) from tissue from the mediobasal hypothalamic-anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area of prepuberal female rats was measured in a perfusion system. Measurements were also made of the concentrations of LHRH in these tissue fragments and of luteinizing hormone in serum obtained when the rats were killed. Four groups of immature rats were studied: intact, ovariectomized, ovariectomized and implanted with estradiol-containing capsules, and ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol and injected with progesterone. The release of LHRH from the tissue of ovariectomized animals was significantly less than that of intact females and was not modified when the ovariectomized rats received estradiol. However, there was a four- to fivefold increase in LHRH release from tissue of ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol when they were killed 6 hours after they received an injection of progesterone. The concentrations of LHRH in tissue and of luteinizing hormone in serum varied among groups and with the time of day that the animals were killed. The interactions among luteinizing hormone, gonadal steroids, and the photoperiod seem to set the appropriate conditions for neural processes triggering a complete and normal release of luteinizing hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramirez, V D -- Dluzen, D -- Lin, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6990489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Circadian Rhythm ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism ; Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Hypothalamus, Anterior/metabolism ; Light ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Preoptic Area/metabolism ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: Unc104/KIF1A belongs to a class of monomeric kinesin motors that have been thought to possess an unusual motility mechanism. Unlike the unidirectional motion driven by the coordinated actions of the two heads in conventional kinesins, single-headed KIF1A was reported to undergo biased diffusional motion along microtubules. Here, we show that Unc104/KIF1A can dimerize and move unidirectionally and processively with rapid velocities characteristic of transport in living cells. These results suggest that Unc104/KIF1A operates in vivo by a mechanism similar to conventional kinesin and that regulation of motor dimerization may be used to control transport by this class of kinesins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomishige, Michio -- Klopfenstein, Dieter R -- Vale, Ronald D -- AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2263-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Diffusion ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Kinesin/*chemistry/physiology ; Liposomes ; Microtubules/*physiology ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/*physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
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