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  • 1
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We previously reported the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538P whose activity was induced by methanol. In the present study, the methanol-induced NOS was purified 900-fold from S. aureus by means of Mono Q ion exchange column, 2′,5′-ADP-agarose affinity column, and Superdex 200HR gel permeation column chromatography. The purified bacterial NOS showed two protein bands with 67 and 64 kDa molecular mass on SDS–PAGE. However, the molecular mass of the NOS was 135 kDa on Superdex 200HR gel permeation column chromatography, indicating that the native enzyme exists as a heterodimer. This bacterial NOS had Km value of 13.4×10−6 M for l-arginine and Vmax of 35.3 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein. In addition, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, tetrahydrobiopterin, calmodulin and Ca2+ were required as cofactors in the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline, and NOS inhibitors selectively inhibited the activity of the purified NOS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The 4992-bp replicon of a large cryptic plasmid in the gram-positive bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. cynodontis was identified and sequenced. The replicon encoded two proteins essential for plasmid replication and stability. The putative replication protein (RepA) is homologous to that of the plasmids in mycobacterial pLR7 family, while the putative ParA protein immediately downstream of RepA is significantly homologous to the Walker-type ATPase required for partition of plasmid and chromosome of the gram-positive bacteria. These two proteins and other ORFs are clustered with the putative promoters and other regulatory sequences, illustrating an efficient organization of the replicon for this novel plasmid.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 202 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Nucleoside analogues have been the cornerstone of antiviral therapy over the past thirty years and, currently, 16 commonly used antiviral drugs belong to this category. Although for long time it was believed that only d-nucleosides, possessing a ‘natural’ stereochemistry, could elicit biological activity, in the last decade this has been proven not to be true. 3TC, a l-nucleoside analogue, is one of the most effective anti-HIV and anti-hepatitis B virus drugs, and nine other l-nucleosides are currently undergoing clinical trials and/or preclinical studies as antiviral or antitumoral agents. This minireview summarizes some biological features and the current status of these promising l-nucleoside analogues.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : To adequately manage impacts of ongoing or future land use changes in a watershed, the magnitude of their hydrologic impacts needs to be assessed. A grid based daily streamflow model was calibrated with two years of observed streamflow data, using time periods when land use data are available and verified by comparison of model predictions with observed streamflow data. Streamflow data were separated into direct runoff and baseflow to estimate the impacts of urbanization on each hydrologic component. Analysis of the ratio between direct runoff and total runoff from 30 years of simulation results and the change in these ratios with urbanization shows that estimated annual direct runoff increased from 49.2 percent (1973) to 63.1 percent (1984) and 65.0 percent (1991), indicating the effects of urbanization are greater on direct runoff than on total runoff. The direct runoff ratio also varies with annual rainfall, with dry year ratios larger than those for wet years. This suggests that the impact of urbanization on areas that are sensitive to runoff ratios, such as stream ecosystems, might be more serious during drier years than in wetter years in terms of water quality and water yield. This indicates that sustainable base-flow is important to maintaining sound stream ecosystems.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A simple simulation type approach and a statistical method are proposed for determining the confidence interval of the T-year frequency rainfall percentiles (or precipitation extremes) for generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions. The former method is based on the Monte Carlo testing procedure. To generate realizations, the covariance structure of the three parameters of GEV is investigated using an observed information matrix of the likelihood function. For distributions with realistic parameters, the correlation between the location and the scale parameters is practically constant when the shape parameter varies around values close to its optimal value. The latter method is based on likelihood ratio statistics. In the case where the joint confidence surface for shape parameters and estimates is plotted with lines of best estimates, the region where the estimated best percentile value can be chosen as a possible estimate is part of the joint confidence surface. The projection of this bounded region on axis of percentile is defined as the effective confidence interval in this research. The use of this effective interval as the confidence interval of the percentile of T-year frequency rainfall is particularly recommended because it is stable for T and it reflects variations in all three parameters of GEV appropriately.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 2 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 4 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A feeding experiment was conducted in floating cages (1.5 ± 1.0 ± 2.0 m) to determine the requirement of dietary phosphorus by juvenile orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coicodes. Five isonitrogenous (approximately 54% CP) fishmeal-casein-based diets that contained 0.68, 0.77, 0.86, 1.02 and 1.21% total phosphorus from ingredients and supplemental monocalcium phosphate (MCP: 0, 0.75,1.51,2.26,3.02%) were fed to the fish previously fed a basal diet (0.68% total phosphorus) for 2 wk. Fish were fed in triplicate cages with one of the diets twice daily to satiation. After 8 wk of feeding, survival ranged from 70.0% to 81.7% with no significant difference among dietary treatments. The relative weight gain, specific growth rate, muscle lipid, ash, calcium, iron, zinc and phosphorus, bone ash, phosphorus, iron, and zinc were significantly affected by dietary phosphorus level. There were no significant effects of increasing total dietary phosphorus on hepatosomatic index, viscerasomatic index, condition factor, muscle moisture and protein, muscle magnesium, and manganese; and bone calcium, magnesium and manganese. Based on relative weight gain, specific growth rate and bone phosphorus, a dietary level of 0.86% total phosphorus is recommended for juvenile grouper growing in floating cages.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 24 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Results of a laboratory experiment used for quantifying the dissolution characteristics of a trichloroethene dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source entrapped in a three-dimensional saturated sand tank model are presented. A numerical framework was developed to model the experimental results. In the numerical model, the transient NAPL dissolution processes were described using a modified version of a published dissolution model; the resulting transport equations were solved by the RT3D code. The modeling framework has been shown to be capable of simulating the observed results. Further, the modeling analysis identified three critical model parameters. A detailed sensitivity analysis was completed to study the effects of uncertainties associated with the model parameters. The integrated NAPL coupled contaminant transport model described in this work is a useful tool for forecasting the behavior of ground water plumes evolving from entrapped DNAPL sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Large quantities of both liquid and solid wastes are produced annually by the food processing industry. These waste materials contain principally biodegradable organic matter and disposal of them creates serious environmental problems. Factors affecting the costs of waste disposal are the volume or hydraulic load and the strength or organic load. The waste loads at the processing plant can be reduced significantly through the use of new or modified processing methods and through in-plant treatment and re-use. A number of waste treatment processes are available to make the wastewater suitable for discharge. The most widely applied processes are biological treatment, impounding in storage lagoons, and land irrigation. Most solid wastes are disposed of by returning them to the land. The key to minimizing the disposal cost is to remove excessive moisture from the wastes. Many opportunities exist for better utilization of food processing wastes. A variety of processes have been developed for converting the waste materials into bio-fuels, food ingredients, and other valuable bio-products.
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