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  • Autotrophic growth  (3)
  • bioavailability  (3)
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
  • Elsevier
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2000-2004
  • 1980-1984  (4)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
  • Elsevier
  • National Academy of Sciences
    • +
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of zimelidine (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: zimelidine ; norzimelidine ; antidepressants ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The systemic availability of a new antidepressant, zimelidine, and of its pharmacologically active metabolite, norzimelidine, was studied in six healthy male volunteers. Three single doses of zimelidine (25 mg and 100 mg orally and 25 mg i.v.) and two single doses of norzimelidine (25 mg orally and i. v.) were given to each volunteer allowing at least seven days between administrations. Plasma concentrations of zimelidine and norzimelidine were determined in serial blood samples by HPLC. Following oral zimelidine peak plasma concentrations of the metabolite were attained about 3 h after dosing. Oral administration of norzimelidine itself resulted in a plasma concentration profile for this compound that was similar to that observed after oral zimelidine. Utilising the plasma concentration data following intravenous infusion of each compound, the elimination half-lives for zimelidine and norzimelidine were calculated to be 5.1 h (range 4.3–6.0) and 15.5 h (range 10.6–22.9) respectively. The total body clearances of the 2 compounds were similar at 0.52 l · min−1 (range 0.26–0.70) for zimelidine and 0.56 l · min−1 (range 0.28–0.83) for norzimelidine. The substantially longer elimination half-life of norzimelidine was apparently the result of a larger volume of distribution (9.4 l · kg−1; range 7.8–11.4) for this metabolite, as compared to zimelidine (3.21 · kg−1; range 1.6–4.9). The calculated bioavailability of zimelidine was 26% (range 9.1–39) after the 25 mg oral dose, and 29% (range 14–46) after the 100 mg dose. The bioavailability of norzimelidine was 66% (range 36–91). However, oral administration of zimelidine resulted in as much or more norzimelidine reaching the systemic circulation, as the oral administration of norzimelidine itself. This is important as a large part of the activity of the drug may be due to the metabolite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562618
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophilic Bacilli growing with carbon monoxide (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 139 (1984), S. 402-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Carboxydotrophic bacteria ; Bacillus schlegelii ; Species description ; Autotrophic growth ; Thermophilic bacteria ; Carbon monoxide ; Carbon monoxide oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four strains of obligately thermophilic Bacilli capable of growing with carbon monoxide as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated from settling ponds of a sugar factory. Most of them could be identified as strains of Bacillus schlegelii on the basis of cell wall composition, DNA homology menaquinone and DNA base content. Growth with CO was very fast (t d =3 h) and was optimal at 65°C. No growth occurred below 50°C. As with the mesophilic carboxydotrophs, hydrogen plus carbon dioxide could also serve as autotrophic substrates. Growth of the isolates with CO depended on the presence of molybdenum in the growth medium. This suggested CO oxidase in the newly isolated Bacilli being a molybdenum hydroxylase similar to the enzymes from the mesophilic carboxydotrophs. Some data characterizing the CO-oxidizing activity in extracts of the thermophilic isolates are also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408387
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reisolation of the carbon monoxide utilizing hydrogen bacterium Pseudomonas carboxydovorans (Kistner) comb. nov. (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 118 (1978), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Autotrophic growth ; Hydrogen ; Carbon monoxide ; Gram-negative hydrogen bacteria ; Pseudomonas carboxydovorans ; Facultative autotrophs ; CO oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From enrichment cultures four carbon monoxide utilizing bacteria were isolated; strain OM5 isolated from waste water was studied in detail. The cells are Gram-negative, slightly curved rods, motile by a single subpolarly inserted flagellum. The colonies are smooth, translucent and not slimy. The cells are able to grow autotrophically in mineral medium under an atmosphere of 40% CO, 5% O2 and 55% N2 at a doubling time of 20h (30°C) or of 85% H2, 5% O2 and 10% CO2 at a doubling time of 7h. Heterotrophic growth occurrd on organic acids such as acetate (t d =8h), pyruvate (t d =8h), lactate, crotonate, malate, succinate (t d =8h), formate (t d =35h) and glyoxylate as substrates. The enzyme system for carbon monoxide utilization is formed only during growth on CO; hydrogenase is present in cells grown on CO or on H2+CO2 as well as grown on pyruvate. The rate of oxygen reduction by intact CO-grown cells is 3.7-fold higher in the presence of hydrogen than in the presence of carbon monoxide. During growth the stoichiometry of gas uptake was 6.1 CO+2.8 O2+H2O → 〈CH2O〉+5.1 CO2. For the new isolate the name Pseudomonas carboxydovorans (Kistner) comb. nov. has been proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406071
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 127 (1980), S. 301-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Autotrophic growth ; Carboxydobacteria ; Bacterial carbon monoxide (CO) ; Hydrogen (H2) ; Oxidation ; Localization of enzyme activities ; Pseudomonas carboxydovorans ; Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena ; Pseudomonas carboxydoflava ; Comamonas compransoris ; Achromobacter carboxydus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (“carboxydebacteria”) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H2-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H2 with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD+, FMN+, and NAD(P)+ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H2O→CO2+2H++2e- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of microsize and ultramicrosize griseofulvin products in man (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 8 (1980), S. 347-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: griseofulvin ; bioavailability ; HPLC assay ; plasma levels ; human study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The relative bioavailability of ten marketed dosage forms of griseofulvin was evaluated in two separate crossover studies. Each study utilized 12 healthy subjects, with eight of the subjects being common to both studies. Plasma griseofulvin concentrations were determined 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 25, 34, 49, and 73 hr after dosing, using a high-pressure liquid chromatographic method. The “high-dose” study compared four microsize dosage forms administered as 500-mg doses and two ultramicrosize formulations given as 250-mg doses. The “low-dose” study employed four 250-mg microsize products and two 125-mg ultramicrosize products. The individual plasma level-time profiles for the majority of doses suggested prolonged absorption of microsize griseofulvin. The ultramicrosize dosage forms exhibited peak concentrations which were not significantly different (p〉0.05) from those of the microsize products administered as twice the dose. In the high-dose study, the two 250-mg ultramicrosize dosage forms exhibited areas under the plasma level-time curve (AUC) which were significantly (p〈0.05) less than the AUCs for all but one of the 500-mg microsize products. In the low-dose study the AUCs for the ultramicrosize products were significantly lower than the AUCs for all of the microsize dosage forms. Significant differences were also noted among the AUCs for the microsize products, although the maximum difference was less than 20% in both studies. A comparison of the AUCs observed in the high- and low-dose studies revealed that the AUCs for two of the 500-mg microsize dosage forms were only approximately 75% the AUC predicted from the 250-mg dose for the eight subjects common to both studies. All other formulations exhibited a dose proportionality for AUC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059383
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of 11 phenytoin products (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 133-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: bioavailability ; phenytoin sodium capsules ; plasma levels ; human studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eleven single lots of 100-mg phenytoin sodium capsules were evaluated for their relative bioavailability in 12 normal human volunteers. These products were manufactured by eight different companies and met all compendial specifications. The products were evaluated with respect to plasma levels at various times up to 96 hr following administration of single 100-mg doses, times of peak level, peak plasma concentrations, and areas under the plasma level—time curve. Several of the products exhibited statistically significant differences in the various parameters studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066217
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