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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (6)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1
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    Rac-1 and Raf-1 kinases, components of distinct signaling pathways, activate myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) is a serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the myotonic dystrophy (DM) locus on human chromosome 19q13.3. It is a close relative of other kinases that interact with members of the Rho family of small GTPases. We show here that the actin cytoskeleton-linked GTPase Rac-1 binds to DMPK, and coexpression of Rac-1 and DMPK activates its transphosphorylation activity in a GTP-sensitive manner. DMPK can also bind Raf-1 kinase, the Ras-activated molecule of the MAP kinase pathway. Purified Raf-1 kinase phosphorylates and activates DMPK. The interaction of DMPK with these distinct signals suggests that it may play a role as a nexus for cross-talk between their respective pathways and may partially explain the remarkable pleiotropy of DM.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: FEBS letters (ISSN 0014-5793); Volume 475; 3; 273-7
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) induces actin cytoskeletal reorganization and apoptotic-like blebbing in lens cells (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: DMPK, the product of the DM locus, is a member of the same family of serine-threonine protein kinases as the Rho-associated enzymes. In DM, membrane inclusions accumulate in lens fiber cells producing cataracts. Overexpression of DMPK in cultured lens epithelial cells led to apoptotic-like blebbing of the plasma membrane and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Enzymatically active DMPK was necessary for both effects; inactive mutant DMPK protein did not produce either effect. Active RhoA but not constitutive GDP-state mutant protein produced similar effects as DMPK. The similar actions of DMPK and RhoA suggest that they may function in the same regulatory network. The observed effects of DMPK may be relevant to the removal of membrane organelles during normal lens differentiation and the retention of intracellular membranes in DM lenses. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Cell motility and the cytoskeleton (ISSN 0886-1544); Volume 45; 2; 133-48
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Differential assembly of alpha- and gamma-filagenins into thick filaments in Caenorhabditis elegans (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Muscle thick filaments are highly organized supramolecular assemblies of myosin and associated proteins with lengths, diameters and flexural rigidities characteristic of their source. The cores of body wall muscle thick filaments of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are tubular structures of paramyosin sub-filaments coupled by filagenins and have been proposed to serve as templates for the assembly of native thick filaments. We have characterized alpha- and gamma-filagenins, two novel proteins of the cores with calculated molecular masses of 30,043 and 19,601 and isoelectric points of 10.52 and 11.49, respectively. Western blot and immunoelectron microscopy using affinity-purified antibodies confirmed that the two proteins are core components. Immunoelectron microscopy of the cores revealed that they assemble with different periodicities. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that alpha-filagenin is localized in the medial regions of the A-bands of body wall muscle cells whereas gamma-filagenin is localized in the flanking regions, and that alpha-filagenin is expressed in 1.5-twofold embryos while gamma-filagenin becomes detectable only in late vermiform embryos. The expression of both proteins continues throughout later stages of development. C. elegans body wall muscle thick filaments of these developmental stages have distinct lengths. Our results suggest that the differential assembly of alpha- and gamma-filagenins into thick filaments of distinct lengths may be developmentally regulated.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of cell science (ISSN 0021-9533); Volume 113 ( Pt 22); 4001-12
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    STEM Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans muscle thick filaments: evidence for microdifferentiated substructures (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: In the thick filaments of body muscle in Caenorhabditis elegans, myosin A and myosin B isoforms and a subpopulation of paramyosin, a homologue of myosin heavy chain rods, are organized about a tubular core. As determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy, the thick filaments show a continuous decrease in mass-per-length (MPL) from their central zones to their polar regions. This is consistent with previously reported morphological studies and suggests that both their content and structural organization are microdifferentiated as a function of position. The cores are composed of a second distinct subpopulation of paramyosin in association with the alpha, beta, and gamma-filagenins. MPL measurements suggest that cores are formed from seven subfilaments containing four strands of paramyosin molecules, rather than the two originally proposed. The periodic locations of the filagenins within different regions and the presence of a central zone where myosin A is located, implies that the cores are also microdifferentiated with respect to molecular content and structure. This differentiation may result from a novel "induced strain" assembly mechanism based upon the interaction of the filagenins, paramyosin and myosin A. The cores may then serve as "differentiated templates" for the assembly of myosin B and paramyosin in the tapering, microdifferentiated polar regions of the thick filaments.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of molecular biology (ISSN 0022-2836); Volume 305; 5; 1035-44
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Feral Hogs Management at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge: Analysis of Current Management Program (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This ST1 Technical Memorandum (TM) summarizes a two-month project on feral hog management in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR). For this project, feral hogs were marked and recaptured, with the help of local trappers, to estimate population size and habitat preferences. Habitat covers included vegetation cover and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data for MINWR. In addition, an analysis was done of hunting records compiled by the Refuge and hog-car accidents compiled by KSC Security.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: NASA/TM-2009-214756
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of granuloma-dependent angiotensin-converting enzyme and eosinophil chemotactic factor in the skin of athymic nude mice (1987)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hypersensitivity ; granulomas ; skin ; athymic nude mice ; biomedical analysis ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; eosinophil chemotactic factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), other proteinases, and eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF-G) are known to be elevated in hepatic hypersensitivity granulomas of thymus intact (nu/+) mice after Schistosoma mansoni infection. The enzyme activities also increase, but to a lesser degree in hepatic granulomas of athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, and ECF-G is not detectable. In this study isolated hepatic granulomas from nu/+ mice were grafted into the skin of uninfected nu/nu mice, and changes in those cellular functions were determined to examine whether the newly formed granulomas by recipient nu/nu cells acquire the functional activities as well as the histological appearance of nu/+ granulomas. ACE and ECF-G rapidly disappeared from grafted sites during the first 5 days, corresponding to loss of nu/+ cells from the graft. Reduction in activities of arylsulfatases, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase also occurred, but to a lesser extent. Recovery of ACE and ECF-G activities to the levels seen in nu/+ hepatic granulomas was observed by 14 days after grafting when nu/nu cells had accumulated in the grafts and formed new granulomas. Other enzymes increased to approximately half the levels seen in grafted donor granulomas. Circulating eosinophilia also increased. The findings indicate that nu/nu cells that accumulated in the skin grafts not only morphologically mimicked nu/+ type granulomas but also demonstrated nu/+ levels of cellular function. Analysis of skin granulomas developing in nu/+ mice after grafting of nu/+ hepatic granulomas showed the similar histology and enzymatic changes, whereas the skin sites inoculated with purified schistosome eggs alone caused neither significant histological changes nor elevation of ACE activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240340108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface ultrastructure of the gill arch of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, from seawater and freshwater, with special reference to the morphology of apical crypts of chloride cells (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The surface ultrastructure of the gill arches of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, adapted to seawater or freshwater, was found to be similar to that reported for other euryhaline teleosts. Two rows of gill filaments (about 42 filaments per row) extended posterolaterally, and two rows of gill rakers (about 10 rakers per row) extended anteromedially from each arch. Leaf-like respiratory lamellae protruded along both sides of each filament, from its base to its apex. The distributions, sizes, and numbers of various surface cells and structures were also determined. All surfaces were covered by a mosaic of pavement cells, which measured about 7 × 4 μm and exhibited concentrically arranged surface ridges. Taste buds were especially prominent on the rakers and the pharyngeal surfaces of the first and second gill arches, but were often replaced by horny spines on the third and fourth gill arches. Apical crypts of chloride cells occurred mostly on the surfaces of the gill filaments adjacent to the afferent artery of the filament. In seawater adapted killifish, crypts resembled narrow, deep holes along the borders of adjacent pavement cells, had openings of about 2 μm2, and occurred at a frequency of about 1 per 70 μ2 of surface area. In freshwater fish, the crypts usually had larger openings (about 10 μ2), occurred less frequently (1 per 123 μ2), and exhibited many cellular projections in their interiors. Changes in crypt morphology may be related to the ion transport function of chloride cells.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850309
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of elastase associated with granulomatous tissue remodeling (1986)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 32 (1986), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: granulomatous inflammation ; murine elastase ; aldehyde-fuchsin-stained fibers ; granuloma ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Elastases have been reported to be involved in various types of tissue injury. In this study we detected hydrolytic activities for [3H]-elastin and Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA (SLAPN) in hepatic granulomas which became elevated in parallel with enlargement of the granulomas and disappearance of aldehyde-fuchsin-stained filaments in the lesions of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The elastase was partially purified by gel filtration followed by anion-exchange chromatography. This enzyme has a molecular weight of 20-25k and hydrolyzed denatured collagen (azocoll), Glu-Pro-Val-pNA, SLAPN, and [3H]-elastin. Optimal pH was 7-8.5. It is a serine proteinase and distinct in its inhibitor profile from murine peritoneal macrophage elastase, which has been reported by others. Digestion of elastic fibers in vessel walls and fine fibrils in newly developed granulomas by the granuloma elastase was histochemically identified with aldehyde-fuchsin stain. These results indicate that a serine proteinease functions as a major elastase in granulomatous tisssue remodeling and may account for the disappearance of elastic fibers and other elements of the matrix in fully developed granulomas.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240320109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the nuclear antigen p105 as a function of cell-cycle progression (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 130 (1987), S. 336-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The characterization of the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen designated p105 in quiescent and proliferating lymphocytes is described. Through the use of novel flow cytometric and cell-sorting strategies the intracellular content of p105 was assessed in situ on a per cell basis. These analyses demonstrated the presence of multiple cellular subpopulations within the cell cycle differing significantly in p105 content. The data revealed that the flow cytometric quantitation of p105 levels may effectively discriminate cycling from noncycling cells. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that the modulation of this interchromatin-associated antigen was correlated with a significant degree of nuclear restructuring. In conjunction with cell sorting, immunogold electron microscopy and immunoblot controls demonstrated that the cell-cycle-related modulation in p105 cannot be accounted for by increased cellular mass or antigen sequestration. The significance of these controls and of the potential role of p105 in cellular proliferation is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041300305
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular biology of brain and mind development (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 10 (1989), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The recent dramatic development of molecular neurobiology has focused almost entirely on biological events in individual brain cells, and it seems that many of the goals of such work will soon be attained. Yet, when we attain those goals, we will still have to ask how this information will enable us to understand the properties of brain cell collectivities and their presumptive roles in higher brain functions. Even general ideas about those functions are not yet well defined. Therefore, it seems worthwhile to start studying correlations of the molecular events to these higher functions to help delineate the molecular aspects that need study.It is readily appreciated that we cannot tell what other animal species see, hear, taste, smell and feel when touching something, though we can foresee the time when we will be able to detail the biochemical and biophysical consequences of all inputs to those senses. Thus, however deep our understanding of the biology of those species, we are unable to establish relations between their biological responses to inputs and their presumptive mental perceptions. Even though humans can use language to talk about those perceptions, we cannot even verify whether someone else's perceptions are the same as our own, as with the old question of whether two individuals see the same thing when viewing something blue. Questions about still higher mental functions of human brains are even less accessible to analysis and can be approached at best, by using correlations. In this article are a number of such questions and their current correlation-level answers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950100203
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