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  • Articles  (3,190)
  • Springer  (2,582)
  • Taylor & Francis  (608)
  • 2000-2004  (972)
  • 1985-1989  (1,280)
  • 1980-1984  (938)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (2,068)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (1,122)
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  • Articles  (3,190)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of cyanide to formate and ammonia by a pseudomonad obtained from industrial wastewater (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1988), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Adaptation to cyanide ; Cyanide degradation ; Formate ; Pseudomonad ; Industrial wastewater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A cyanide-degrading pseudomonad was isolated by selective enrichment in a chemostat inoculated with coke-plant activated sludge and maintained at a dilution rate of 0.042/h for 60 days with a feed of 10 mg/l cyanide. The isolate, a facultative methylotroph capable of growth on methanol and methylamine, degraded cyanide to formate and ammonia; it could utilize the released ammonia as a nitrogen source but did not further metabolize formate under the experimental conditions employed. Both cyanide-degrading enzyme activity and respiratory resistance to cyanide were inducible and were enhanced by repeated exposure to the compound. Cell-free extracts stoichiometrically converted cyanide to formate and ammonia in a reaction that did not require oxygen. Enzyme activity, lost upon dialysis, was restored by less than equimolar ratios of NAD(P)H or ascorbate to cyanide, indicating that the reductants did not function directly as co-enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569526
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-moments and C-moments (2000)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 14 (2000), S. 50-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  It is well known that the computation of higher order statistics, like skewness and kurtosis, (which we call C-moments) is very dependent on sample size and is highly susceptible to the presence of outliers. To obviate these difficulties, Hosking (1990) has introduced related statistics called L-moments. We have investigated the relationship of these two measures in a number of different ways. Firstly, we show that probability density functions (pdf ) that are estimated from L-moments are superior estimates to those obtained using C-moments and the principle of maximum entropy. C-moments computed from these pdf's are not however, contrary to what one may have expected, better estimates than those estimated from sample statistics. L-moment derived distributions for field data examples appear to be more consistent sample to sample than pdf 's determined by conventional means. Our observations and conclusions have a significant impact on the use of the conventional maximum entropy procedure which typically uses C-moments from actual data sets to infer probabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004770050004
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1984)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 18 (1984), S. 71-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287377
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of PHA synthase gene from two strains of Rhodospirillum rubrum and in vivo substrate specificity of four PHA synthases across two heterologous expression systems (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (2000), S. 420-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A 3.0-kb genomic fragment has been isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum (ATCC 25903) that contains an open reading frame (ORF) with strong homology to other known polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase genes. This ORF has lower homology to the R. rubrum strain Ha PHA synthase than would be expected within the same species. We have conducted a series of heterologous expression studies evaluating the in vivo substrate specificity of PHA synthase genes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus), Thiocystis violacea, and Nocardia corrallina, within the PHA-synthase-negative hosts, Ralstonia eutropha DSM541 and Pseudomonas putida GpP104. The N. corrallina PHA synthase incorporated the highest percentage of C5 monomers in the polymer when fermented in medium supplemented with 0.1% heptanoate as the sole carbon source. When the T. violacea and R. sphaeroides were expressed in the PHA-negative host DSM541, a greater percentage of C5 monomer was observed in the polymer as compared to the expression of the PHA synthase of R. eutropha, when the transconjugants were fermented in medium supplemented with 0.4% propionate. Evaluation for preference of medium-chain-length monomers demonstrated the flexibility of the N. corrallina, T. violacea, and R. eutropha synthase genes to polymerize a copolyester composed of short- and medium-chain-length monomers when the respective transconjugants were fermented in medium supplemented with 0.5% octanoate. These studies demonstrate that the PHA synthase from N. corrallina, T. violacea, and R. eutropha are able to polymerize a copolyester composed of short- and medium-chain-length monomers, while the PHA synthase from R. sphaeroides lacks this ability and only produces a short-chain-length polymer. These observations suggest that the composition of the PHA from the PHA-producing organisms does not necessarily reflect the inherent specificity of the PHA synthase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051636
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification, characterization, and primary structure of a chitinase from Pseudomonas sp. YHS-A2 (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A chitinase gene (chiA) from Pseudomonas sp. YHS-A2 was cloned into Escherichia coli using pUC19. The nucleotide sequence determination revealed a single open reading frame of chiA comprised of 1902 nucleotide base pairs and 633 deduced amino acids with a molecular weight of 67,452 Da. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that ChiA contains two putative chitin-binding domains and a single catalytic domain. Two proline-threonine repeat regions, which are linkers between catalytic and substrate-binding domains in some cellulases and xylanases, were also found. From E. coli, ChiA was purified 12.8-fold relative to the periplasmic fraction. The Michaelis constant and maximum initial velocity for p-nitrophenyl-N,N′-diacetylchitobiose were 1.06 mM and 44.4 μmol/h per mg protein, respectively. The purified ChiA binds not only to colloidal chitin but also to other substrates (avicel, chitosan, and xylan), but the binding affinity of avicel, chitosan, and xylan is around 10 times lower than that of colloidal chitin. The reaction of ChiA with colloidal chitin and chitooligosaccharides (trimer-hexamer) produced an end product of N,N′-diacetylchitobiose, indicating that ChiA is a chitobiosidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutathione-mediated mineralization of 14C-labeled 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene by manganese-dependent peroxidase H5 from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 659-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) H5 from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, in the presence of either Mn(II) (10 mM) or GSH (10 mM), was able to mineralize 14C-U-ring-labeled 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-4,6-DNT) up to 29% in 12 days. When both Mn(II) and GSH were present, the mineralization extent reached 82%. On the other hand, no significant mineralization was observed in the absence of both Mn(II) and GSH, suggesting the requirement of a mediator [either Mn(II) or GSH] for the degradation of 2-A-4,6-DNT by MnP. Using electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques, it was found that the glutathionyl free radical (GS•) was produced through the oxidation of GSH by MnP in the presence as well as in the absence of Mn(II). GS• was also generated through the direct oxidation of GSH by Mn(III). Our results strongly suggest the involvement of GS• in the GSH-mediated mineralization of 2-A-4,6-DNT by MnP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000436
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydration of tricalcium silicate (1984)
    Springer
    Materials and structures 17 (1984), S. 457-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summary Evidence on the mechanism and products of tricalcium silicate hydration is summarized, and present-day interpretations of that evidence critically discussed, partly with a view to supplying a basis for mathematical modeling of the hydration process. There is general agreement on many, broad features of the reaction and its products, and it should be possible to express many of the proposed hypotheses in mathematical form. Uncertainties nevertheless remain about many questions that are of essential importance if kinetic equations based on an unequivocal understanding of the mechanism are to be formulated. The paper concludes with a list of these questions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473986
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    pH dependence of the in situ formation of an organicN-chloramine water disinfectant (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1987), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus ; Chlorine, free ; Chlorine, combined ; Chlorination rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Staphylococcus aureus was used to assess the bactericidal efficacy of aqueous solutions of the organicN-chloramine compound 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (agent I) formed in situ. The rate of in situ formation, accomplished by reacting free chlorine with the amine precursor, was a function of pH. When the reagents were combined under acidic conditions (pH≤5.5) and allowed to react for 22 h, sufficient residual free chlorine was present to inactivate the bacteria in less than 5 min. When combined under less acidic conditions (pH≥6.0), comparable bacterial inactivation required 30–60 min due to the extensive reaction of the free chlorine to form agent I. The kill rates present under less acidic and neutral conditions are equivalent to those for pre-formed agent I. In water disinfection applications for pH≥6.0, in situ formation of agent I would provide a combination of rapid initial and slower long-term disinfection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569544
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryogenic vacuum pump (1980)
    Springer
    Chemical and petroleum engineering 16 (1980), S. 526-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8329
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01148200
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapport technique: Etat des techniques de biométhanisation au burundi. Le projet belgo-burundais (1989)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 5 (1989), S. 283-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Depuis 1981, l'Administration Générale Belge de la Coopération au Développement (AGCD) a confié à l'Université Catholique de Louvain (Unité de Génie Biologique: Professeurs E.-J. Nyns et H. Naveau) la gestion d'un projet de développement de la biométhanisation au Burundi. C'est d'abord l'établissement d'une cellule de base à Bujumbura destinée à devenir permanente, ensuite, la formation de stagiaires homologues Burundais et l'implantation de 10 digesteurs méthaniques par le projet Belgo-Burundais qui ont contribué de manière décisive au développement de la biométhanisation au Burundi. Depuis 1984, plus de 120 digesteurs méthaniques nouveaux ont été construits dans le cadre de divers projets temporaires régionaux, allemand et chinois, pour ne citer que ceux-là. Ces divers projets temporaires sont désormais coordonnés au sein de la Direction Générale de l'Energie du Ministère Burundais de l'Energie et des Mines qui, grâce à la cellule de base, en assure la continuité. Le projet Belgo-Burundais assure aujourd'hui le suivi scientifique et technique de ces digesteurs. Il collabore à l'étude de leur conception. Il assure la promotion de l'utilisation des effluents digérés, la formation de stagiaires et l'étude des outils d'utilisation du biogaz.
    Notes: Summary Since 1981, the Belgian General Administration for Development and Cooperation (BADC) has granted the Catholic University of Louvain (Unit of Bioengineering: Professors E.-J. Nyns and H. Naveau) a project aimed at implementing biomethanation in Burundi. Its objective is to establish a centralized unit in Bujumbura, which is meant to become permanent, as well as to train Burundese staff and technicians in the construction of 10 methane digesters by the Belgian-Burundese project which have already contributed in a decisive way to the success of biomethanation in Burundi. Since 1984, more than 120 new methane digesters have been constructed within the frame of several temporary regional projects, German and Chinese, to quote but two. These various temporary projects are presently coordinated by the General Directorate for Energy of the Burundese Ministry of Energy and Mines, which, thanks to the centralized unit, ensures continuity. The Belgian-Burundese project ensures today the scientific and technical follow-up of these digesters. It is involved in the study of their design. It ensures the promotion of the end uses of digested effluents, the extension services and the study of appropriate devices for biogas end use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01741758
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