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  • thermal diffusivity  (10)
  • phylogeny
  • Springer  (14)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2000-2004  (9)
  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (14)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: flash method ; thermal contact resistance ; thermal control coatings ; thermal diffusivity ; two-layer composite sample
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal diffusivity of brittle coatings cannot be measured by the flash method directly because of the difficulty of preparing free-standing samples. Adopting the flash method using a two-layer composite sample, it is possible to measure thermal diffusivity if the radiant pulse is well defined and good thermal contact on the interface of the composite sample can be ensured. Using an equilateral trapezoidal pulse of an Nd-glass laser measuring the dimensionless temperature history of the rear face of the sample, we determined the thermal diffusivity of thermal control coatings in the temperature range of 80 to 200°C. The results for different thicknesses of substrate showed that the thermal contact resistance of the interface can be neglected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 479-485 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: diamond ; film ; flash method ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the short-pulse-flash method developed for thermal diffusivity measurements on thin films. Two kinds of CVD diamond film have been prepared, and their thermal diffusivity in the perpendicular direction has been measured with this method. The measurement errors caused by the surface coating are discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Ranunculaceae ; Aconitum ; ITS ; polymorphism ; pseudogenes ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) were used to examine the phylogeny of East Asian aconites. Individual aconites were discovered to contain as many as eight different ITS sequences after cloning and PCR-SSCP (single-stranded conformational polymorphisms) analysis. We identified eight putative ITS pseudogenes from four taxa with low predicted secondary structure stability and high substitution rates. Maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. The ITS trees agree with the previous chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) tree for the vast majority of the taxa. We found two East Asian clades in the ITS trees: 1) a clade with the Chinese diploid,Aconitum volubile and East Asian tetraploids, and 2) a clade of East Asian diploids and Siberian tetraploids. In the former clade, most tetraploid taxa appear to be polyphyletic; sequences from individual plants did not correspond to recognized taxonomic units. This indicates a recent divergence of the East Asian tetraploids.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 905-913 
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: lemurs ; FISH ; Indridae ; phylogeny ; chromosomal evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We used human-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21 to paint chromosomes of four species of Indridae (Avahi laniger, Indri indri, Propithecus verreauxi, and P. diadema). All human chromosome probes hybridized specifically to chromosome segments or to whole arms of indrid chromosomes. In general, the results obtained by chromosome painting confirm those obtained by R-banding except for some reciprocal translocations undetected by R-banding. Our findings confirm that in the evolution of the Indridae, Avahi laniger first emerges, then Indri and Propithecus share a common trunk. After populational evolution, this sister clade diverged.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 224 (2000), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Hylocomiaceae ; internal transcribed region 2 ; molecular evolution ; phylogeny ; relative rate test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nucleotide variation of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA was used to estimate the phylogeny of the moss family Hylocomiaceae. Both parsimony and neighbour-joining analyses support the monophyly of this family, as well as all seven of the genera within the family.Rhytidium appears as the basal taxon and a North American clade comprisingRhytidiopsis andThelia is indicated. The analyses suggest thatHylocomium s. l., a polyphyletic genus, should be divided into three separate genera. The rate of nucleotide substitutions of the ITS-2 region in the Hylocomiaceae is consistent with the hypothesis of a molecular clock based on a relative rate tests. A nearly constant rate of 6.42 × 10−10 substitutions per site and per year is postulated for the family, a rate close to that of the Winteraceae and slower than that ofLopezia.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 5 (1984), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: heat capacity ; laser-flash method ; thermal diffusivity ; thermal conductivity ; vanadium-oxygen alloy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Several recent advances made in the author's laboratory in the experimental apparatus and measuring procedures for precise measurements of thermophysical properties by the laser-flash method are reviewed. Heat-capacity measurement has been done on metals and ceramics within an accuracy of ±0.5% in the range from 80 to 800 K, and within ±2% from 800 to 1100 K. Thermal diffusivity has been also measured from 80 to 1300 K with reasonable corrections for heat leak and finite pulse width. As an example of the experimental results by the method, the data of heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity of vanadium-oxygen alloys containing 1.07 and 3.46 at.% of oxygen from 80 to 800 K are presented and compared with those of pure vanadium metal.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 9 (1988), S. 923-931 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: high temperature ; KCl ; molten salts ; forced Rayleigh scattering method ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes measurement of the thermal diffusivity of molten KCl in the temperature range from 804 to 1030°C by the forced Rayleigh scattering method. In this contact-free optical measuring technique for the thermal diffusivity of liquids, a sample needs to be colored by the admixture of a dye for suitable absorption of a heating laser beam. The dye substances employed are CoCl2 and NiCl2, which were chosen through the experimental evaluation. The accuracy is estimated to be ±7% for molten KCl colored with NiCl2. The results converted to thermal conductivity show one of the smallest values among other previous data; the difference is a factor of four. The present study demonstrates the promising applicability of the forced Rayleigh scattering method to the measurement of high-temperature molten salts, which has never be attained by other conventional methods.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 207-215 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: calorific intensity ; hot probe ; organ or tissue of a living body ; specific heat ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method was developed to determine simultaneously the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and calorific intensity of the organ or tissue of a living body either in vivo or in vitro with a thin hot probe. By using the method, the thermophysical properties and calorific intensities of a human palm and in vivo liver and a kidney, heart, brain, and foreleg and hindleg muscles of an anesthetized canine were measured. It is concluded that there are no significant differences in the thermophysical properties of organ or tissue of a living body either in vivo or in vitro. The measured thermophysical properties are in good agreement with those reported in the literature.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 513-524 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: metal ; microscopic structure ; phase lag ; photoacoustic effect ; thermal diffusivity ; thin layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal diffusivities of four kinds of metallic foils from 20 to 200μμm in thickness were measured by a photoacoustic method on the basis of the Rosencwaig and Gersho theory. The measured data for continuous foils of uniform microscopic structure almost agreed with the literature values. Measurements were also carried out on two kinds of metallic thin films with of 10μμm thickness produced by sputtering. The difference in thermal diffusivity between the foils and the sputtered films depended on the uniformity of the microscopic structure.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 9 (1988), S. 1071-1080 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: alkaline carbonate salts ; density ; high temperatures ; molten salts ; specific heat capacity ; stepwise heating method ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop measuring methods for the thermal diffusivity, the specific heat capacity, and the density of molten salts, as well as to measure these properties of mixtures of alkaline carbonate salts. The thermal diffusivity is measured by the stepwise heating method. The sample salt is poured into a thin container, and as a result, a three-layered cell is formed. The thermal diffusivity is obtained from the ratio of temperature rises at different times measured at the rear surface of the cell when the front surface is heated by the stepwise energy from an iodine lamp. The specific heat capacity is measured using an adiabatic scanning calorimeter. The density is measured by Archimedes' principle. Thermal conductivity is determined from the above properties. Measured samples are Li2CO3-K2CO3 (42.7–57.3, 50.0-50.0, and 62.0-38.0 mol%).
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