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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 1075-1081 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method for calculating impact ionization coefficients by solving the Boltzmann transport equation is presented. The distribution function is taken to be expressible as a Legendre polynomial expansion, which is substituted into a Boltzmann equation that incorporates the effects of nonparabolic band structure, deformation-potential phonon scattering, and impact ionization. The resulting Boltzmann equation can be expressed in a linear form, and solved using sparse-matrix difference-differential methods. Ionization coefficients are obtained directly from the distribution function. Calculated values for the ionization coefficients agree very well with experiment for electrons in silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 58 (1993), S. 7283-7285 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Wind driven raindrop tracking is used to investigate the microscale redistribution of wind driven rainfalls in street canopies by combining a Eulerian wind flow model and a Lagrangian raindrop tracking model. The former conducts large eddy simulations of the turbulent flows in street canopies, and the latter performs raindrop trajectory calculations by releasing a large number of raindrops into the computational domain. The wind speed model is verified with available wind tunnel measurement. Twenty sets of simulations are carried out for various building configurations and driving rain angles. The simulated results show that the trajectories of smaller raindrops are more slanting and more influenced by the multibuilding perturbed flow field. Impingement of raindrops on the building envelope increases from bottom to top. The height of the front building is a significant factor affecting wind driven rain redistribution. Distinct nonuniform spatial rainfall distributions are found for scenarios with high building configurations and low driving rain angles. The simulated results are further integrated to assess the effect of real raindrop size distributions by weighing the volumetric fraction of a range of drop sizes. There is about 10 percent variation in spatial extent of street canopies. An overall 5 to 17.4 percent increase of the rainfall amount in the upwind zone is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Planar defects in the metastably retained h-BaTiO3 exhibiting α-fringe pattern have been characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The eligible fault vectors were determined by adopting the invisibility criteria of 2πg·R = 0 or 2nπ augmented by high-resolution imaging. Three stacking faults, F1, F2, and F3, of the extrinsic nature have been fully analyzed. The eligible fault vectors for faults F1 and F3 contained a basal component respectively of ⅓[0001] and ⅙[0001] and a common prismatic component of ⅓〈10[1-macr]0〉. However, only three of the 〈10[1-macr]0〉 vectors are the eligible prismatic component for the fault vectors RF1=⅓[0[1-macr]11], ⅓[10[1-macr]1], and ⅓[[1-macr]101], and RF3=⅙[02[2-macr]1], ⅙[2[2-macr]01], and ⅙[[2-macr]021] that have fulfilled the invisibility criteria. On the other hand, all fault vectors RF21=⅙〈[4-macr]223〉 for fault F2, containing six vectors of the 〈[2-macr]110〉 family, is eligible. Unlike the faults of πRF=⅙〈[2-macr]203〉 found in the D019 intermetallics of Ni3Sn and Co3W, neither fault F1 nor F3 is the π-rotation type. Fault F2, however, is a π-rotation fault since a 60°-rotation clockwise about [0001] has produced another eligible fault vector.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 129 (1992), S. 258-259 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 423-425 (May 2003), p. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 125 (1992), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: serum ; low K+ ; Na,K-ATPase ; Na/K pump ; proto-oncogenes ; c-fos ; c-myc ; c-jun ; c-ski
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Cultured ARL15 cells respond to abnormally low extracellular K+ concentrations by increasing the abundance of Na,K-ATPase (the Na/K pump). This response is preceded by significant increases in the mRNAs of the α1 and β1 subunits of this enzyme, implying transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation in the response. The present study concerned the possible participation of serum factors in low K+ induction of Na,K-ATPase. In normal K+ (4.5 mm) or low K+ (0.68 mm) the presence of 10% calf serum had no effect on Na,K-ATPase activity. The serum independence of the response to low K+ raised the possibility that low K+ may itself elicit a “growth” response. Accordingly, the effect of low K+ on mRNA abundances of four protooncogenes (c-fos, c-myc, c-jun and c-ski) was evaluated in the early phase of the response by quantitative Northern blot analysis. The mRNA for c-fos was transiently elevated by low K+, with a peak at 30 min. In contrast, low K+ had no measurable effect on the abundances of c-myc, c-jun and c-ski, for up to 2 hr of exposure. The early elevation of c-fos mRNA makes it a candidate mediator in this signal-transduction pathway. Induction of c-fos mRNA by the phorbol ester, PMA, or by dioctanoyl glycerol, however, had no effect on Na,K-ATPase activity. These results indicate that an increase in c-fos mRNA alone is not sufficient to induce Na,K-ATPase. Whether induction of c-fos is necessary for the response to low K+ remains to be determined in future studies.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of computer vision 38 (2000), S. 129-152 
    ISSN: 1573-1405
    Keywords: image registration ; coarse-to-fine motion pyramid ; wavelet-based motion model ; Cai-Wang wavelet ; sum squared difference (SSD) ; warping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An image registration algorithm is developed to estimate dense motion vectors between two images using the coarse-to-fine wavelet-based motion model. This motion model is described by a linear combination of hierarchical basis functions proposed by Cai and Wang (SIAM Numer. Anal., 33(3):937–970, 1996). The coarser-scale basis function has larger support while the finer-scale basis function has smaller support. With these variable supports in full resolution, the basis functions serve as large-to-small windows so that the global and local information can be incorporated concurrently for image matching, especially for recovering motion vectors containing large displacements. To evaluate the accuracy of the wavelet-based method, two sets of test images were experimented using both the wavelet-based method and a leading pyramid spline-based method by Szeliski et al. (International Journal of Computer Vision, 22(3):199–218, 1996). One set of test images, taken from Barron et al. (International Journal of Computer Vision, 12:43–77, 1994), contains small displacements. The other set exhibits low texture or spatial aliasing after image blurring and contains large displacements. The experimental results showed that our wavelet-based method produced better motion estimates with error distributions having a smaller mean and smaller standard deviation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of VLSI signal processing systems for signal, image, and video technology 6 (1993), S. 77-84 
    ISSN: 1573-109X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Two reinforcement learning neural network architectures which enhance the performance of a soft-decision Viterbi decoder used for forward error-correction in a digital communication system have been investigated and compared. Each reinforcement learning neural network is designed to work as a co-processor to a demodulator dynamically adapting the soft quantization thresholds toward optimal settings in varying noise environments. The soft quantization thresholds of the demodulator are dynamically adjusted according to the previous performance of the Viterbi decoder, with updates occurring in fixed intervals (every 200 decoded bits out of the Viterbi decoder.) To facilitate implementaiton in digital hardware, each weight of the neural network and related parameters are specified as binary numbers. Computer simulation results demonstrate that, on average, the performance of a Viterbi decoder on an AWGN channel with nonuniformly-spaced soft decision thresholds dynamically adjusted by these neural networks is better than the performance of a Viterbi decoder with uniformly-spaced thresholds. This approach may be used for a variety of other digital communication applications such as channel estimation, adaptive equalization, and signal acquisition.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 37 (2000), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: molecular mechanics calculation ; inclusion ; solvation energy ; α-cyclodextrin ; trimethylbenzene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular mechanics calculations were employed to study the inclusion of triethylbenzene isomers in α-cyclodextrin and their solvation energy in aqueous solution. Trimethylbenzene penetrates partially into the cavity of α-cyclodextrin to form 1 : 1 or 2: 1 host–'guest complexes. The interaction energy between host and guest is dominated by van der Waals energy. The inclusion complexes have higher solvationenergies than free α-cyclodextrin.
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