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  • 1
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    Differential stress, strain rate, and temperatures of mylonitization in the Ruby Mountains, Nevada: implications for the rate and duration of uplift (1990)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Eötvös Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungaria, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 8569-8580, pp. 2342, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Stress ; Geothermics ; Geol. aspects ; Tectonics ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Timing of synconvergent extension in NW Himalaya: New geochronological constraints from the Gianbul dome (SE Zanskar). The 19th Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop (2004)
    In:  Himalayan Journal of Sciences, Special Issue, pp. 232, vol. 2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: CC 1/1 ; Coordinating Committee ; Himalayas
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY ILP
  • 3
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    Hot and dry deep crustal xenoliths from tibet (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-31
    Description: Anhydrous metasedimentary and mafic xenoliths entrained in 3-million-year-old shoshonitic lavas of the central Tibetan Plateau record a thermal gradient reaching about 800 degrees to 1000 degrees C at a depth of 30 to 50 kilometers; just before extraction, these same xenoliths were heated as much as 200 degrees C. Although these rocks show that the central Tibetan crust is hot enough to cause even dehydration melting of mica, the absence of hydrous minerals, and the match of our calculated P-wave speeds and Poisson's ratios with seismological observations, argue against the presence of widespread crustal melting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hacker -- Gnos -- Ratschbacher -- Grove -- McWilliams -- Sobolev -- Wan -- Zhenhan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2463-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Institut fur Geologie, Technische Universitat Bergakademie.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Observational evidence for a possible new diffusion path (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-04
    Description: Transmission electron microscopy of experimentally deformed amphibolite suggests that submicroscopic intracrystalline tubes formed around linear defects may be a previously unrecognized kind of diffusion pathway. Deformed and compositionally altered plagioclase and amphibole crystals include moderate densities of linear defects that morphologically resemble unit dislocations but display unusual contrast. During prolonged electron irradiation, the core regions of the defects expand to well-defined tubes that are approximately 20 nanometers in diameter. Both observations suggest that the regions about the defect cores are glassy and were filled with silicate-water fluid during the experiments. Intracrystalline transport along these tubes would likely be several orders of magnitude faster than traditionally conceived processes of solid-state volume diffusion, grain-boundary solvent transfer, and ordinary pipe diffusion along dislocation cores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hacker, B R -- Christie, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 4;251(4989):67-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17778603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Time and metamorphic petrology: calcite to aragonite experiments (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: Although the equilibrium phase relations of many mineral systems are generally well established, the rates of transformations, particularly in polycrystalline rocks, are not. The results of experiments on the calcite to aragonite transformation in polycrystalline marble are different from those for earlier experiments on powdered and single-crystal calcite. The transformation in the polycrystalline samples occurs by different mechanisms, with a different temperature dependence, and at a markedly slower rate. This work demonstrates the importance of kinetic studies on fully dense polycrystalline aggregates for understanding mineralogic phase changes in nature. Extrapolation of these results to geological time scales suggests that transformation of calcite to aragonite does not occur in the absence of volatiles at temperatures below 200 degrees C. Kinetic hindrance is likely to extend to higher temperatures in more complex transformations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hacker, B R -- Kirby, S H -- Bohlen, S R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):110-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17835893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Rapid emplacement of young oceanic lithosphere: argon geochronology of the oman ophiolite (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-09
    Description: (40)Ar/(39)Ar dates of emplacement-related metamorphic rocks beneath the Samail ophiolite in Oman show that cooling to 〈525 degrees C occurred within approximately 1 million years of igneous crystallization of the ophiolite. This unexpectedly short time span and rapid cooling means that old, cold continental or oceanic lithosphere must have been adjacent to the ophiolite during spreading and then been thrust beneath the ophiolite almost immediately afterward.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hacker, B R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 9;265(5178):1563-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17801534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of subducted continental margins: Two-stage exhumation of the high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure Western Gneiss Region, Norway (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 22 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Thermobarometry suggests that ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) to high-pressure (HP) rocks across the Western Gneiss Region ponded at the Moho following as much as 100 km of exhumation through the mantle and before exhumation to the upper crust. Eclogite across the c. 22 000 km2 study area records minimum pressures of c. 8–18 kbar and temperatures of c. 650–780 °C. One orthopyroxene eclogite yields an UHP of c. 28.5 kbar, and evidence of former coesite has been found c. 50 km farther east than previously known. Despite this widespread evidence of UHP to HP, thermobarometry of metapelite and garnet amphibolite samples reveals a surprisingly uniform ‘supra-Barrovian’ amphibolite-facies overprint at c. 11 kbar and c. 650–750 °C across the entire area. Chemical zoning analysis suggests that garnet in these samples grew during heating and decompression, presumably during the amphibolite-facies event. These data indicate that the Norwegian UHP/HP province was exhumed from mantle depths of c. 150 km to lower crustal depths, where it stalled and underwent a profound high-temperature overprint. The ubiquity of late-stage supra-Barrovian metamorphic overprints suggests that large-scale, collisional UHP terranes routinely stall at the continental Moho where diminishing body forces are exceeded by boundary forces. Significant portions of the middle or lower crust worldwide may be formed from UHP terranes that were arrested at the Moho and never underwent their final stage of exhumation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00541.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metamorphism, geochemistry and origin of magnesian volcanic rocks, Klamath Mountains, California (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 10 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Metabasaltic rocks in the Klamath Mountains of California with ‘komatiitic’ major element concentrations were investigated in order to elucidate the origin of the magnesian signature. Trace-element concentrations preserve relict igneous trends and suggest that the rocks are not komatitic basalts, but immature arc rocks and within-plate alkalic lavas. Correlation of ‘excess’ MgO with the volume per cent hornblende (±clinopyroxene) suggests that the presence of cumulus phases contributes to the MgO-rich compositions. Early submarine alteration produced regional δ18O values of +10±1.5%° and shifts in Al2O3, Na2O, and K2O concentrations. Regional metamorphic grade in the study area varies from biotite-zone greenschist facies (350–550°C, c. 3 kbar) southward to prehnite–actinolite facies (200–400°C, ≤3 kbar), but little isotopic or elemental change occurred during the regional recrystallization. The greenschist facies assemblage is actinolitic hornblende + phengite + epidote + sodic plagioclase + microcline + chlorite + titanite + hematite + quartz in Ti-poor metabasaltic rocks; in addition to these phases biotite is present in Ti-rich analogues. Lower grade greenstones contain prehnite and more nearly stoichiometric actinolite. The moderate to low pressures of regional metamorphism are compatible with P–T conditions in a magmatic arc. Later contact metamorphism at 2–2.9±0.5 kbar and at peak temperatures approaching 600° C around the English Peak and Russian Peak granodiorites produced 3–4–km-wide aureoles typified by gradual, systematic increases in the pargasite content of amphibole, muscovite content of potassic white mica, and anorthite content of plagioclase compositions. Metasomatism during contact metamorphism produced further increases in bulk-rock δ18OSMOW of as much as +6%°. Thus, the unusually MgO-rich nature of the Sawyers Bar rocks may be attributed at least partly to metasomatism and the presence of magnesian cumulus phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00071.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exhumation of high-pressure rocks beneath the Solund Basin, Western Gneiss Region of Norway (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 21 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Solund–Hyllestad–Lavik area affords an excellent opportunity to understand the ultrahigh-pressure Scandian orogeny because it contains a near-complete record of ophiolite emplacement, high-pressure metamorphism and large-scale extension. In this area, the Upper Allochthon was intruded by thec. 434 Ma Sogneskollen granodiorite and thrust eastward over the Middle/Lower Allochthon, probably in the Wenlockian. The Middle/Lower Allochthon was subducted to c. 50 km depth and the structurally lower Western Gneiss Complex was subducted to eclogite facies conditions at c. 80 km depth by c. 410–400 Ma. Within 〈 5–10 Myr, all these units were exhumed by the Nordfjord–Sogn detachment zone, producing shear strains 〉 100. Exhumation to upper crustal levels was complete by c. 403 Ma. The Solund fault produced the last few km of tectonic exhumation, bringing the near-ultrahigh-pressure rocks to within c. 3 km vertical distance from the low-grade Solund Conglomerate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00468.x
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  • 10
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    A crustal model of the ultrahigh-pressure Dabie Shan orogenic belt, China, derived from deep seismic refraction profiling (2000)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-10
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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