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  • Springer  (500)
  • Oxford University Press  (108)
  • 2000-2004  (178)
  • 1990-1994  (430)
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Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abiotic mortality factors of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hypothenemus hampei ; coffee berry borer ; abiotic mortality ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mortality of the coffee berry borer was studied under controlled laboratory conditions in Tapachula, Mexico. For adult female borers subjected to a range of relative humidities (RH) without food at 25°C, the longest mean survival time (20 days) was obtained at 93.5% RH. Adult borer survival was also studied at a range of temperatures for a fixed relative humidity (93.5% RH); at 20°C mean survival time was 28 days. Fecundity and mortality of borer stages in berries was studied for a range of humidities at 25°C. Maximum fecundity was obtained at 90 and 93.5% RH. Immature stages were ejected from the berry at 84% RH and above, which is interpreted as a form of brood hygiene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426404
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of volatile compounds from fungus-infected date fruit that stimulate upwind flight in femaleEctomyelois ceratoniae (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Ectomyelois ceratoniae ; carob moth ; host-finding ; Phoenix dactylifera ; dates ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass spectrometry ; wind tunnel ; attraction ; volatiles ; headspace
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four volatile compounds emitted from fungus-infected date fruit,Phoenix dactylifera L., were identified using coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, electroantennographic assays of synthetic standards, and wind tunnel bioassays. These compounds were ethyl hexanoate, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and 2-phenylethanol. Wind tunnel bioassays showed that ethyl hexanoate was capable of stimulating upwind flight and landing on the source by mated female carob moths,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller). Addition of both ethanol and acetaldehyde to ethyl hexanoate resulted in an increase in attraction to a level similar to that found for date fruits. No such effect was noted for additions of 2-phenylethanol at the dosages tested. In this study, it appears that ethyl hexanoate is a dominant olfactory stimulant and attractant for mated female carob moths, and represents a novel compound with regard to previously identified lepidopteran host odor attractants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383810
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erbium fibre amplifiers and lasers (1992)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 24 (1992), S. 517-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Erbium-doped fibre amplifiers and lasers have been the subject of intense research and development over the last five years. It is hoped that this review will serve as an introduction to the main device concepts and make accessible the rapidly expanding body of literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619752
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information transmission during intra- and interspecific courtship inEphestia elutella andCadra figulilella (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 589-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Courtship ; information theory ; communication ; behavioral analysis ; Ephestia elutella ; Cadra figulilella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using information theory, courtship posturing in the moths Ephestia elutella(Hübner) and Cadra figulilella(Gregson) was analyzed for information transmission, which was partitioned into autocovariability (intraindividual transmission) and cross-covariability (interindividual transmission). This two-factor analysis was sufficient to account for more than 60% of the behavioral variance in males of E. elutellaand in both sexes of C. figulilelladuring intraspecific courtships; however, there were large residual variances in the behavior of male and female C. figulilelladuring interspecific courtships and in E. elutellafemales during both inter- and intraspecific courtships. In E. elutella,significant levels of transmission were attributable to both inter- and intraindividual effects, whereas in C. figulilella,only autocovariability was high and no interindividual communication could be assigned to courtship postures. Although courtship in these two species was qualitatively very similar and males readily courted nonconspecific females, high levels of reproductive isolation resulted from courtship. Male C. figulilellahad 94% fewer copulations with E. elutellafemales than with conspecific females and E. elutellamales had 78% fewer copulations with C. figulilellafemales than with conspecifics. These reductions were due to a differential response in both females and males, causing inter-specific courtships to be terminated much earlier than intraspecific courtships. This discrimination indicates that interindividual communication was indeed occurring during courtship and was only partially measured by analysis of postures. Thus, communication took place largely in some other modality, most likely the chemical modality, where species specificity is suggested for both male and female pheromones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052330
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the response to sex pheromone in the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) following successive pheromonal exposures (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 347-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oriental fruit moth ; Grapholita molesta ; sex pheromone ; habituation ; spontaneous recovery ; aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of prior pheromonal experience upon the pheromone- mediated upwind flight response was examined in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta(Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Adult male G. molestawere subjected to a parallel series of staggered and repeated pheromonal exposures in a sustained-flight wind tunnel. Levels of response to pheromone in male G. molestasignificantly decreased in a (a) rectilinear function with increased ages of individuals, (b) logarithmic function of successive trials, and (c) steeper logarithmic function of successive trials with increased dosage of sex pheromone. The baseline levels of responding were not affected by either the (a) dosage of sex pheromone, (b) posteclosion ages of individuals for their initial exposures once the main effect of age itself was estimated, (c) elapsed time in hours between trials, or (d) discrete days of testing as integral intervals, disregarding hours within days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049843
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual feedback in the control of pheromone-mediated flight ofHeliothis virescens males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 605-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; visual feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract MaleHeliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were made to fly into a uniformly white and translucent tube within a large wind tunnel while responding to sex pheromone. Different visual patterns placed within the tube greatly affected the ability of the male moths to maintain upwind progress or remain oriented to the wind while in contact with the plume. Over 89% of males attempting to fly through a blank tube, lacking visual patterns, became disoriented, the males gaining or losing altitude and repeatedly hitting the sides of the tube. Patterns of 20–40 dots placed on the sides of the tube at or slightly above plume level resulted in high levels of sustained upwind flight (47–74%) relative to patterns placed directly below (30–40%), directly above (35%), or slightly below the level of the flight path (26–44%). Optimal upwind progression in pheromone-responding males occurred when image motion could be resolved both transversely (T), orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the body relative to the horizontal plane of the environment, and longitudinally (L), along the body axis. Even very sparse patterns (single rows of dots) could elicit high levels of sustained upwind flight (53–63%) when positioned within the tube such that the males' movements would create both L and T image motion. However, successful negotiation of the tube was also unexpectedly facilitated by patterns apparently providing no horizontal transverse component for flying males but providing longitudinal flow while centering the moth in the plume through a symmetrical left-right input (4–40%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997435
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of [WI2(CO)2{P(OiPr)3}(η2-EtC2Et)] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: tungsten(II) ; diiodo ; dicarbonyl ; triisopropylphosphite ; 3-hexyne ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [WI2(CO)2{P(OiPr)3}(η2-EtC2Et)] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 11.101(12), b = 16.272(18), c = 14.892(17) Å, β = 93.27(1), Z = 4. The geometry can be considered to be pseudo-octahedral, with the 3-hexyne ligand occupying one site, with two iodo-groups, and the P(OiPr)3 ligand completing the equational plane of ligands, with two trans-carbonyl groups occupying the axial sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009531014474
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MaleHeliothis virescens maintain upwind flight in response to experimentally pulsed filaments of their sex pheromone (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 669-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera ; upwind flight ; sex pheromone ; filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aspects of the intermittent fine structure of an odor plume were mimicked and experimentally modified in the wind tunnel using an air-pulsing device. Filaments of a behaviorally active blend of six sex-pheromone components created by the device in a temporally regular fashion elicited sustained upwind flight and source location in male Heliothis virescens.Males did not exhibit sustained upwind flight in significant numbers until a frequency of 4 filaments/s was delivered, at a loading of 1 μg of the major component, Z11-16: Ald, with the other components loaded at their appropriate ratios. A loading of 10 μg Z11-16: Ald was found to be optimal at this filament delivery rate. Electroantennogram recordings to different filament delivery rates of the complete blend indicated that a stationary male antenna can respond to the pulse rates used in this study. Importantly, when a main component necessary for upwind flight, Z9-14:Ald, was isolated into its own filaments and pulsed alternately against filaments of the five other components (including the other component essential for upwind flight, Z11-16: Ald), upwind flight to the source was significantly reduced (9%) compared to upwind flight and source location in response to filaments composed of the entire blend (30%), indicating that the complete pheromone blend must arrive on the antenna simultaneously for optimal evocation of sustained upwind progress. Neurophysiological evidence from other studies suggests that higher-order interneurons whose phasic response is enhanced when the entire blend is presented simultaneously may be of importance in explaining this behavioral difference stemming from synchronous vsasynchronous arrival of the components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047979
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flight service environmental effects on composite materials and structures (1994)
    Springer
    Advanced performance materials 1 (1994), S. 51-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8765
    Keywords: composite materials ; environmental effects ; long-term durability ; flight service
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract NASA Langley and the U.S. Army have jointly sponsored programs to assess the effects of realistic flight environments and ground-based exposure on advanced composite materials and structures. Composite secondary structural components were initially installed on commercial transport aircraft in 1973; secondary and primary structural components were installed on commercial helicopters in 1979; and primary structural components were installed on commercial aircraft in the mid-to-late 1980's. Over 5.3 million total component flight hours have been accumulated on 350 composite components since 1973. Service performance, maintenance characteristics, and residual strength of numerous composite components are reported. In addition to data on flight components; 10-year ground-based exposure test results on material coupons are reported. Comparisons between flight and ground-based environmental effects for several composite material systems are also presented. Test results indicate excellent in-service performance with the composite components during the 15 year evaluation period. Good correlation between ground-based material performance and operational structural performance has been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705313
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A problem identification taxonomy for classification and automated formulation of multiple objective linear programming models (1992)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 38 (1992), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a knowledge-based Decision Support System (DSS) for classification, formulation and solution of multiple objective linear programming problems. The authors propose a generic taxonomy which is used to classify commonly encountered types of linear programming problems. Classification of the problem, vis-à-vis the proposed taxonomy, is based on the interaction with the user to determine the attributes which best describe the context or setting of the problem. A total of twenty-four problem types are included in the taxonomy. Following classification, a problem type-specific rule base is invoked to assist the user in constraint formulation. A product blending linear programming problem is used to demonstrate this component of the system since these types of problems typically include more varied constraints, including ratio as well as additive types. A second rule base is invoked for formulation of the multiple criteria objective function, model solution and sensitivity analysis. An initial goal prioritization scheme is obtained by use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process [17]; the optimal goal ordering is obtained by interaction with the user in the form of pairwise attribute value tradeoffs. The system developed is intended for use by the OR-naive user who is more familiar with the content of a problem than he/she is with the mathematical tools needed to formulate and solve such models. The system is a model management tool designed to interpret user inputs and translate those inputs into a solvable multiple objective LP. This interface alleviates the technical burdens of content specification and solution. The approach expands previous formulation tools, such as those based on natural language processing [8], to a broader range of problem types in a multiple criteria environment. The system was implemented on a personal computer using VP-Expert, BASIC and LINDO, and is demonstrated on a multiple objective blending problem. The ability of the approach to accurately classify LP problems was tested on thirty-six subjects. Results suggest that correct classification of problems was more likely to occur when the system was used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283649
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