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  • 1
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    Launch, flight, and recovery (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The final phase to fly five pocket mice in the Apollo XVII command module was carried out at the NASA Kennedy Space Center. Upon completion of the 13-d space flight, the package was removed from the spacecraft and, after having been purged with an oxygen-helium gas mixture, was flown to American Samoa. Four of the five mice were recovered alive from the package. Analysis of the mouse that died during the flight revealed several factors that could have contributed to its death, the chief of which was massive hemorrhage in its middle ear cavities.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Preflight studies on tolerance of pocket mice to oxygen and heat. II - Effects on lungs (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An electron microscope examination was carried out on the lungs of 11 pocket mice (Perognathus longimembris) that breathed oxygen at 10 psi or 12 psi partial pressure over a period of 7 d, at the end of which time they were decompressed to sea-level O2 pressure, either suddenly or in 30, 60, or 90 min. Vesiculation was noted in the endothelium of the alveolar-capillary wall in most of the animals and, occasionally, blebbing. Some mitochrondria were swollen in a few of the animals. Alveolar exudate was, in general, sparse. Compared with the lungs of other rodents, the lungs of pocket mice appeared relatively resistant to the toxic effects of oxygen. This conclusion needs, however, to be tempered by the fact that 5% N2 was used in the tests reported here. Nonetheless, the results suggest that the oxygen pressures anticipated on the flight of Apollo XVII should be well tolerated by the pocket mice.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 3
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    Ultrastructural changes in tracheal epithelial cells exposed to oxygen (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: White albino rats were sacrificed after 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure to 100% O2 at 1 atm. Tissue was prepared for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) by Critical Point Drying and for the transmission electron microscope (TEM) by plastic embedding. Scanning microscopy showed a loss of microvilli after 48 h of exposure. Cilia appeared relatively normal with SEM, but TEM revealed changes in the outer membrane. In TEM, nonciliated cells appeared swollen and often encroached on the ciliated cells. A heavy mucous blanket remained even after processing. All the changes observed that are induced by oxygen exposure contribute to mucostasis, reducing and/or halting mucociliary clearance.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 4
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    Effect of double density caging during Space Shuttle transport of laboratory rats (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Male Sprague Dawley rats were housed in groups of four in polycarbonate cages at recommended density and thermal environmental conditions for 14 days prior to testing to ensure uniform acclimation to those conditions. Body weights averaged 286 +/- 7 g at the end of acclimation. Rat cages were assigned randomly to three treatments: (1) 4 rats/polycarbonate cage (877 sq cm, 20.3 cm high, 220 sq cm/rat), (2) 4 rats/mock AEM (MAEM) (620 sq cm, 155 sq cm/rat), and (3) 8 rats/MAEM (620 sq cm, 77.5 sq cm/rat). A comparison between the MAEM-DD and MAEM-SD treatments was done to determine if doubling rat density in AEM's stressed the rats. A comparison among MAEM treatments and the PC treatment was done to determine if any stress indications were due to the AEM. During this density challenge phase, all treatments were maintained at the same thermal environmental conditions (22.5 C and 50 percent RH) for 10 days. After the density challenge phase, half the rats from each group were sacrificed for body tissue and fluid analyses. The remaining half of the rats were housed at a density of 4 rats/cage in polycarbonate cages at normal thermal environmental conditions for an additional 10 days to determine if there were any differences in responses between treatments after a recovery period. The remaining rats were examined and sacrificed for body tissue and fluid analyses at the end of the recovery phase.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-193228 , NAS 1.26:193228
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    A controlled rate freeze/thaw system for cryopreservation of biological materials (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A system which allows programmable temperature-time control for a 5 cc sample volume of an arbitrary biological material was constructed. Steady state and dynamic temperature control was obtained by supplying heat to the sample volume through resistive elements constructed as an integral part of the sample container. For cooling purposes, this container was totally immersed into a cold heat sink. Sample volume thermodynamic property data were obtained by measurements of heater power and heat flux through the container walls. Using a mixture of dry ice and alcohol at -79 C, sample volume was controlled from +40 C to -60 C at rates from steady state to + or - 65 C/min. Steady state temperature precision was better than 0.2 C while the dynamic capability depends on the temperature rate of change as well as the thermal mass of the sample and the container.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-162531 , JPL-PUB-79-91
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  • 6
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    Ultrastructural alterations observed in mouse lung after prolonged He/O2 exposure (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 7
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    Effect of varying differentiator frequency response on recorded peak dP/dt (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Dogs were used to study the effects of varying the differentiator cutoff frequency on the recorded peak first derivative of left ventricular pressure with respect to time (dP/dt), using high-precision solid-state pressure transducers and recording equipment. In canine hearts with a basic periodicity of 1 to 3 Hz, the differentiator frequency response required to record an accurate peak dP/dt is found to be influenced by the value of peak dP/dt. At peak dP/dt ranging from 1500 to 9000 mm Hg/sec (200 and 1200 kPa/sec), a differentiator cutoff frequency of at least 90 Hz was required to record accurately peak dP/dt.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Cardiovascular Research; 9; May 1975
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  • 8
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    The user's view of commercially available medical technology (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The potential user of new medical equipment for imaging the cardiovascular system is often faced with the problem of deciding whether or not to accept a new piece of equipment or a new technological concept into the practice of cardiology. Considerations for acquiring new medical technology are discussed in some detail. Acquisition of new technology should depend on whether the equipment provides more and relevant clinical data, is for research or for limited use, is properly engineered for patient use, presents information in easily storable and retrievable form, is tested and validated clinically, is fabricated by a reliable manufacturer, is cost effective, and may be readily replaced by a new technology.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Conference on Cardiovascular imaging and image processing: Theory and practice - 1975; Jul 10, 1975 - Jul 12, 1975; Stanford, CA
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  • 9
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    Cosmic ray effects on the eyes of rats flown on Cosmos no. 782, Experiment K-007 (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was undertaken to determine if, and to what extent, pathological damage results from high-energy particles (HZE) transversing the eye. Light flashes experienced by space travellers indicate that HZE do indeed pass through and activate the retina, but whether actual biological damage occurs has not been investigated thoroughly. Thus, autopsies were performed on the eyes of rats which has been flown in Cosmos 782 satellite for 19.5 days. Comparisons with a control sample subjected to 1000 rads of Ar and Ne radiation show that pathological damage, when it occurs, affects the nucleus of the retina; simple light flashes are not thought to indicate a pathology, and result from activation of (but not damage to) the retina's outer segments.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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