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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of nanoporous silica thin films determined by high-resolution x-ray reflectivity and small-angle neutron scattering (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1193-1200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new methodology based on a novel combination of a high-resolution specular x-ray reflectivity and small-angle neutron scattering has been developed to evaluate the structural properties of low-dielectric-constant porous silica thin films about one micrometer thick supported on silicon wafer substrates. To complement these results, film composition was determined by high-energy ion scattering techniques. For the example thin film presented here, the overall film density was found to be (0.55±0.01) g/cm3 with a pore wall density of (1.16±0.05) g/cm3 and a porosity of (53±1)%. The characteristic average dimension for the pores was found to be (65±1) Å. It was determined that (22.1±0.5)% of the pores had connective paths to the free surface. The mass fraction of water absorption was (3.0±0.5)% and the coefficient of thermal expansion was (60±20)×10−6/°C from room temperature to 175 °C. Lastly, model fitting of the specular x-ray reflectivity data indicated the presence of a thin surface layer with an increased electron density compared to the bulk of the film as well as an interfacial layer with a reduced electron density. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371997
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective study of polymer/dielectric interfaces with vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation via thin-film interference (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 3084-3086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique for selective characterization of the structure of free and buried thin-film interfaces by vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation spectroscopy is described. Manipulation of Fresnel coefficients by choice of film thickness on a reflecting substrate allows simultaneous optimization of the signal from the desired interface and minimization of the signal from other interfacial sources. This technique is demonstrated for the free polystyrene (PS)/air and the buried PS/spin-on glass interfaces. Our spectra show that the pendant phenyl group orientation is similar at the buried and free interfaces, with the phenyls pointing away from the bulk PS at each interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1475358
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloned lambs—lessons from pathology (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 21 (2003), S. 744-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Significant losses are associated with the generation of cloned animals. Although it is becoming clear that placental abnormalities result in many of the losses in early gestation, less emphasis has been placed on understanding the mechanisms responsible for clone deaths in the perinatal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0703-744
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor in acute respiratory distress syndrome (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 3 (1997), S. 320-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is known to exert significant pro-inflammatory effects and has the potential to override the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids. In this study we have identified significant quantities of MIF in the alveolar airspaces of patients with acute respiratory ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0397-320
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note to reviewers (1996)
    Springer
    Computational & mathematical organization theory 2 (1996), S. 259-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9346
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00132311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1995)
    Springer
    Computational & mathematical organization theory 1 (1995), S. 5-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9346
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307825
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling Relationships among Multiple Graphical Structures (2000)
    Springer
    Computational & mathematical organization theory 6 (2000), S. 361-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9346
    Keywords: social networks ; graph theory ; cognitive maps ; influence diagrams
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Many researchers have investigated the social and cognitive processes underlying organizational behavior, with particular interest in understanding the interaction between the social and cognitive dimensions. Because of the widespread use of graphs as models of social and cognitive structures, these studies frequently encounter the problem of analyzing collections of graphical structures. Such analyses have used a variety of approaches to address specific aspects of such structures. However, no single unified approach has emerged that supports the several different types of analyses required. The purpose of this paper is to define such an approach, based on a mathematical model for capturing the relationships among multiple graphs, and to demonstrate its application to the investigation of social and cognitive structures in organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009658313423
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser Gas Nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V Part 2: Characteristics of Nitrided Layers (1997)
    Springer
    Advanced performance materials 4 (1997), S. 389-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8765
    Keywords: alloying ; characterization ; laser ; nitriding ; Ti-6Al-4V ; titanium alloy ; titanium nitride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of laser nitrided layers formed on Ti-6Al-4V are presented in this investigation. It has been determined that titanium nitride (TiN) is formed, which significantly increases the hardness of the nitrided surfaces. The amount of titanium nitride produced depends on the processing parameters such as laser pulse energy and nitrogen concentration. Nitrided layers are much smoother along the laser pass direction than perpendicular to this direction. The shrinkage effect in the laser melt zone produces surface residual tensile stresses in Ti-6Al-4V samples regardless of whether the processing environment is Ar, N2, or a mixture of these gases. Pre-heating or stress relieving after laser nitriding significantly reduces the residual tensile stress level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008696511669
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluations of P/M Gamma Titanium Aluminides (1997)
    Springer
    Advanced performance materials 4 (1997), S. 421-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8765
    Keywords: gamma titanium aluminide ; hot isostatic pressing ; hot working ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; powder metallurgy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract For the last five years, the Structures, Materials and Propulsion Laboratory of the Institute for Aerospace Research, National Research Council of Canada, has devoted a significant amount of effort investigating powder metallurgy gamma titanium aluminides. The main results of the studies on microstructural evolution, hot workability, creep behaviour and microstructure-mechanical property relationships for P/M gamma alloys are reviewed in this article. Work is in progress to apply the knowledge gained to cast gamma alloys for gas turbine applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008600712578
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Staged Development of Modified Silicon Dioxide Films (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: β-chloroethylsilsesquioxane ; β-chloroethyltrichlorosilane ; spin-on glass ; thermal conversion ; dielectric films ; silicon dioxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The hydrolytic generation of SiO2 films from chlorosilanes or alkoxysilanes is interrupted by incorporating labile organic groups which stop SiO2 formation at a processable prepolymer stage. The monomers for the prepolymer have electron withdrawing substituents in the β -position. The organic groups are removed from the prepolymer at low temperature, extruding ethylene. The formation of SiO2 proceeds by intramolecular condensation of the electronegative substituents which are now in a hydrolytically unstable bond with silicon and hydroxyl groups or ambient moisture. Films of the prepolymer spun onto silicon wafers are converted into uniform SiO2-rich films at temperatures between 150–400°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018333823471
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