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  • Springer  (21)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (4)
  • Oxford University Press  (1)
  • 2000-2004  (7)
  • 1995-1999  (19)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 26 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Piscine nodaviruses (betanodaviruses) have been tentatively divided into four genotypes (SJNNV, RGNNV, TPNNV and BFNNV) and it is suggested that host specificity is different among these genotypes. In the present study, a betanodavirus [sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV)] belonging to the redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype, to which most betanodaviruses from warm water fish are identified, was evaluated for its pathogenicity to hatchery-reared juveniles of several marine fish species. When challenged with the virus by a bath method (105.1 TCID50 mL−1), sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, displayed behavioural abnormalities and mortalities with distinct histopathological signs of viral nervous necrosis and heavily immunostained cells were observed in the central nervous tissues and retina. Bath-challenged rock fish, Sebastiscus marmoratus, and a hybrid of sevenband grouper and kelp grouper, E. moara, did not display any behavioural abnormality or mortality during the experimental period, although many fish showed slight signs of viral infection in nerve cells. Kelp grouper and red sea bream, Pagrus major, showed no behavioural abnormality, mortality or immunohistopathological changes after the virus challenge. These results are, in part, consistent with the natural host range of RGNNV, indicating the complexity in the host specificity of betanodaviruses.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Iridovirus infection causes serious economic damage in marine cultured fish in Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore, and the incidence of this disease has been increasing. Iridovirus of sea bass from offshore Hong Kong was isolated to determine the genetic similarities of the causative agents. The genomic DNA of iridovirus was purified and cloned. Four DNA clones were randomly chosen and sequenced to generate primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Corresponding DNA fragments of iridoviruses from sea bass from offshore Hong Kong, red sea bream in Japan and grouper in Thailand were detected. The analogous PCR products from geographically diverse iridoviruses may indicate a widespread distribution of an iridovirus of a single origin.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 27 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Viral nervous necrosis caused by sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV) has occurred in grow-out stages (0–3 years old) of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, since the 1980s. In the present study, based on histopathological features of the central nervous system (CNS) in naturally diseased fish, pernasal infection experiments using grow-out fish were performed and pernasal infection was established as a putative invasion route of SGNNV. The definite SGNNV-targeted cells were determined by histopathological studies including indirect fluorescent antibody test and electron microscopy. Nerve cells in the olfactory lobe were most extensively necrotized with vacuolation followed by infiltration of microglia and macrophages. Purkinje cells and Golgi cells were extensively infected in the cerebellum. Megalocells and small nerve cell nuclei were also infected in the preoptic area, thalamus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Only a few small nerve cells were infected in the olfactory bulb and optic tectum. The retina of some diseased fish displayed vacuolated bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer. These SGNNV-infected nerve cells displayed viroplasmic inclusions containing virions, vacuoles and myelin-like structures. Based on observed histopathological changes, the lesion of the CNS was characterized by encephalitis but not encephalopathy.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 22 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A herpesviral gill disease accompanied by mass mortality occurred in Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel), reared in warm water ponds from 1993 to 1995. Diseased fish displayed marked haemorrhage and congestion within gill filaments and destruction at the tips of affected filaments with necrosis and inflammation in the central connective tissue and the central sinus. Electron microscopy revealed herpesvirus particles in infected fibrocytes within the filamental connective tissue. The isolate was identified as Herpesvirus anguillae by a neutralization test. Infectivity experiments with the isolates revealed that the virus was pathogenic.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Gm immunoglobulin allotypes have been studied in 1157 individuals of seven Northern Selkup populations, which account for 80% of the entire population of this west Siberian tribe. This study confirms that the northern Selkup populations are a Caucasoid-Mongoloid hybrid. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the IGHG genes using double BamHI-SacI digests, performed on 475 DNA samples, allowed us to describe nine new BamHI-SacI haplotypes (BS47 to BS55), eight of them being characterized by IGHG gene deletion or duplication: G1 (BS49) or G4 (BS55) deletion, G4 duplication (BS51), GP-G2-G4 multigene deletion (BS50), duplication (BS48, BS53 and BS54) or triplication (BS52). A new rare Gm haplotype 15,16*;1,17;23 has been found associated with BS52. The BS51 haplotype characterized by a duplicated G4 gene (additional 7.85 kb G4 band identifying a new G4*C5 allele) was always found associated with the Gm 5*;3;23 haplotype. A high RFLP diversity has been observed for the Northern-Mongoloid haplotype Gm 15,16*;1,17;.. which was found (1) with the BS27 haplotype characterized by a 3-exon hinge G3 gene, (2) with two different GP-G2-G4 multigene duplications, BS53 and BS54 haplotypes, which differ by the size of the duplicated G4 genes, and (3) with the BS55 haplotype characterized by a G4 deletion. In the Northern Selkups, haplotypes with duplicated genes were observed at a higher frequency (24%) than haplotypes with deleted genes (6%).
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aging temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly designed martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, which is 1.8Cu-15.9Cr-7.3Ni-1.2Mo-low C, N steel, for improving the toughness, ductility and corrosion resistance of stainless steel of 1000 MPa grade tensile strength were experimentally investigated. The specimen aged at 753 K for 14.4 ks has a typical lath martensitic structure with about 12% interlath austenite, while the specimens aged at 813 K and 853 K for 14.4 ks have the lamellar duplex microstructure of the reverted austenite and the aging hardened martensite. The formation process of reverted austenite is controlled by diffusion of Ni in martensite. The mean size of precipitates which are enriched with Cu increases with rising aging temperature, however, it is about 30 nm even after aging at 853 K for 14.4 ks. The specimens aged at 813 K and 853 K for 14.4 ks, in which the reversion of martensite to austenite is observed, have the excellent combinations of strength, ductility and toughness.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 111 (1998), S. 453-461 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper contains three results. First, the rate constants for the tunneling reaction HD + D → H + D 2 in solid HD increase steeply with increasing temperature above 5 K, while they are almost independent of temperature below 5 K. A mechanism of a vacancy–assisted tunneling reaction is proposed to account for this temperature dependence. Second, a hydrogen atom and a hydrogen molecule form a van der Waals complex in the Ar matrix at 20 K, where the tunneling reaction HD + D →H + D 2 takes place in this complex. The analysis of well–resolved ESR spectra of the complex determined the distance between a hydrogen atom and a hydrogen molecule as 2.3 – 2.5 Å. Third, the decay rate constants of $${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^ - $$ anions in solid parahydrogen decrease with decreasing temperature below 6.6 K, attain the minimum value at 5 K, and then increase with decreasing temperature in the range of 5 → 2.7 K. The abnormal temperature dependence of the decay rate constants below 5 K is ascribed to a phonon–scattering process of quantum diffusion.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 114 (1999), S. 413-429 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Decay mechanism of H 2 - anions in X(γ)-irradiated solid para-H2 (p-H 2 ) has been studied using high-resolution ESR spectroscopy in the temperature range between 1.3–6.6 K. The results are summarized as follows. First,the decay rate constant of the 2 - anions is not proportional to initial yields of reactive species such as cations and H atoms but proportional to the concentration of less-reactive species of HD molecules in p-H2 . This result shows that the decay of the 2 - anion is due to the reaction neither with cations nor H atoms but with HD molecules originally contained in the p-H2 sample at natural abundance. Second,the decay rate constant of the 2 - anions increases proportionally with the increase in temperature below 3 K and decreases with the increase in temperature between 3–5 K,although it increases exponentially with the increase in temperature above 5 K. This result indicates that the decay rate constant of the 2 - anions is controlled by the rate constant for the diffusion of the 2 - anions via one-phonon assisted quantum tunneling below 3 K,two-phonon scattered or assisted quantum tunneling between 3–5 K,and thermally-activated process above 5 K.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 388-394 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Hyaluronic acid ; degradation ; molecular weight ; metal surface ; hydroxyl radical
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  When the viscosity of hyaluronic acid (HA) solution was measured with a rotational visco-meter, depolymerization occurred only by leaving the sample in the cup of the viscometer, while the solution in a glass test tube at the same temperature, 37 °C, was practically stable during the entire period of investigation. As the parts where the sample solution had contact with the viscometer are stainless steel, the participation of metal ions in the depolymerization was suspected. Therefore, experiments were carried out with stainless-steel beads in the HA solution. The results show that the molecular weight of HA decreased on exposure to the beads under aerobic conditions. The addition of 10 beads to 2 ml of a 0.1% HA solution prepared with 0.2 M NaCl reduced the molecular weight to about 75% of the initial value after 4 h. The degradation rate was proportional to the surface area of the beads. However, no dissolution of metal ion was detected, and therefore, this reaction was thought to proceed at the surface of the metal.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present experimental observations and study of $${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^ - $$ in solid parahydrogen. Since the parahydrogen molecule does not produce local magnetic fields, high–resolution ESR spectra of trapped radicals can be observed in the solid parahydrogen matrices. Using this high–resolution ESR spectroscopy, new quartet ESR signals were observed in γ–rays irradiated solid parahydrogen and assigned as $${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^ - $$ In addition, para– $${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^ - $$ was observed to convert into ortho– $${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^ - $$ on the storage at 4.2 K. On the other hand, ortho–H 2 molecule converts into para– $${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^ - $$ at cryogenic temperatures. The difference in the conversion between the H 2 molecule and the $${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^ - $$ anion is explained by the parity conservation law of wavefunctions on exchanging the protons in homonuclear diatomic molecules such as the $${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^ - $$ anion and H 2 molecule.
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