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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,4,2-Diazaphospholothiazoles and -pyridines by a Hantzsch-Type Condensation Using Chloromethyldichlorophosphane (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 581-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Anellated azaphospholes ; Hantzsch-type [3 + 2] cyclocondensation ; Chloromethyldichlorophosphane ; Regioselectivity ; 31P-, 1H-, 13C-NMR spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [3 + 2] cyclocondensation of 2-amino-1,3-thiazoline, 2-aminopyridines, 2- and 4-aminopyrimidines, 2-aminopyrazine, and 2-aminoquinoline with chloromethyldichlorophosphane in the presence of triethylamine yields regiospecifically 5,6-dihydrothiazolo[2,3-e][1,4,2]diazaphosphole (3), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyridines (12), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrimidines (15), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-e]pyrimidine (17), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrazine (19), and [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[4,5-α]quinoline (22), respectively. Using 2-amino-1,3-thiazole (4) and 2-aminobenzothiazoles 8, we obtained mixtures of the 1,5- and 4,5-anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes 5/6, 9a/10a and 9b/10b, while in the case of the methyl derivative 8c only the [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[5,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole 10c was formed. In the reaction of 2-aminothiazole and 2-aminopyrazine with Chloromethyldichlorophosphane the bis(diazaphospholo)-substituted chloromethylphosphanes 7 and 20 could be detected. The new anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes are colorless to pale yellow crystalline moisture-sensitive solids.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280610
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear diacetylene polymers containing bis(dimethylsilyl) phenyl and/or bis-(tetramethyldisiloxane) carborane residues: Their synthesis, characterization and thermal and oxidative properties (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2387-2394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: inorganic-organic hybrid ; diacetylene ; silicon ; boron ; thermooxidative stability ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of inorganic-organic linear diacetylenic hybrid polymers (5a-e) were prepared by the polycondensation reaction of 1,4-dilithiobutadiyne with 1,4-bis(dimethylchlorosilyl)benzene and/or 1,7-bis(tetramethylchlorodisiloxane)-m-carborane. Their structures were characterized using FTIR, and 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and their thermal and oxidative properties were evaluated by DSC and TGA analyses. The hybrid polymers exhibited solubility in common organic solvents and were viscous liquids or low melting solids at room temperature. Broad prominent exotherms, attributed to reaction of the diacetylenic units, were observed by DSC in the 306°C to 354°C temperature range. When 5a-e were analyzed by TGA to 1000°C under nitrogen, weight retention between 79 and 86% were obtained. Ageing studies, performed at elevated temperatures in air on a thermoset and a ceramic obtained from polymer 5b, showed this system to have excellent thermal and oxidative stability. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2387-2391, 1997
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of a pyrogen-free human growth hormone antagonist (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 520-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: human growth hormone ; animal cell culture ; purification ; serum ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Human growth hormone (hGH) is a polypeptide with 191 amino acids and a molecular mass of 22 kilodaltons. With the aid of computer molecular simulation, an hGH analog was created by altering an hGH gene to reflect the change of one amino acid (glycine [G] 120 to arginine [R]) within the third α-helix of the hGH molecule. This hGH analog, named hGHG120R, was found to be an hGH antagonist. It may have important implications in treating human conditions in which hGH levels are abnormally high, as found in type I diabetics. Several hundred milligrams of purified hGHG120R were needed to determine the biological activity of the antagonist in animal models. A multistep downstream process was developed to purify hGHG120R from cultured mouse L cells transfected with the hGHG120R gene. The process consisted of cell clarification, salt precipitation, membrane ultrafiltration, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, phase separation, and lyophiliation. This work discusses the rationale for the design of the process and experimental results on the purification of hGHG120R using the process. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480515
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexes of Azaphospholes: Synthesis and Structure of Pentacarbonyl-(η1)-2-phosphaindolizine)chromium(0), -molybdenum(0), and -tungsten(0) (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 1079-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Phosphorus heterocycles ; P ligands ; Transition metals ; Carbonyl complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complex chemical behaviour of 2-phosphaindolizines 1 (1,3-azaphospholo[1,5-a]pyridines) towards metal carbonyl compounds was studied. (η1-2-Phosphaindolizine)M(CO)5 complexes 2-4 (M = Cr, Mo, W) were formed from 1 and [(THF)M(CO)5], the cis-L2Cr(CO)4 complex 5f from 1f and tetracarbonyl(norbornadiene) chromium(0). The reaction of 2-phosphaindolizines 1e, 1f, or 1g with tricarbonyl(cycloheptatriene)molybdenum(0) or tricarbonyl(mesitylene)tungsten(0) yielded σ-complexes of the types L2M(CO)4or L3M(CO)3 rather than isolable π-complexes. In one case a strong upfield signal (δ31P = 6.1) was observed with a coordination shift of Δδ = -161.7, which is typical for π-coordination. Prolonged reaction or work-up led, however, to dismutation yielding 1g and the fac-L3Mo(CO)3 complex 6g. X-ray structure analysis of 2a indicates an increased 10π-delocalization compared with 1a and a changed conformation of the acyl substituent. The influence of substituents and metals on the 31P and 13C complexation chemical shifts and coupling constants is discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,4-Reductive Addition of Hydrazoic Acid to γ-Oxo-α,β-unsaturated δ-Lactones and -Lactams: A Convenient Route to α-Amino-γ-oxo-α,β-unsaturated δ-Lactones and -Lactams (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 1449-1453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Oxo enamines ; Reductive addition ; Hydrazoic acid ; δ-Lactones ; δ-Lactams ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -γ-Oxo-α,β-unsaturated δ-lactones and lactams, which are easily accessible from their corresponding 2-furylcarbinols, were used as substrates for the 1,4-reductive addition of hydrazoic acid. The outcome of the reaction is the formation, in high yields, of the corresponding α-amino-γ-oxo-α,β-unsaturated δ-lactones and -lactams, compounds of great biological and synthetic interest.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of human salivary histatin 5 in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 45 (1998), S. 51-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: salivary histatins ; antifungal agents ; candidacidal peptides ; peptide conformation ; nmr ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solution structure of human salivary histatin 5 (D-S-H-A-K-R-H-H-G-Y-K-R-K-F-H-E-K-H-H-S-H-R-G-Y) was examined in water (pH 3.8) and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions using 500 MHz homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional (2D) nmr. The resonance assignment of peptide backbone and side-chain protons was accomplished by 2D total correlated spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopy. The high JNH-CαH values (≥7.4 Hz), absence of any characteristic NH-NH(i, i + 1) or CαH-CβH(i, i + 3) NOE connectivities, high dδ/dT values (≥0.004 ppm K-1) and the fast 1H/2H amide exchange suggest that histatin 5 molecules remain unstructured in aqueous solution at pH 3.8. In contrast, histatin 5 prefers largely α-helical conformation in dimethyl sulfoxide solution as evident from the JNH-CαH values (≤6.4 Hz), slow 1H/2H exchange, low dδ/dT values (≤0.003 ppm K-1) observed for amide resonances of residues 6-24, and the characteristic NH-NH(i, i + 1) and CαH-CβH(i, i +3) NOE connectivities. All backbone amide 15N-1H connectivities fall within 6 ppm on the 15N scale in the 2D heteronuclear single quantum correlated spectrum, and the restrained structure calculations using DIANA suggest the prevalence of α-helical conformations stabilized by 19 (5 → 1) intramolecular backbone amide hydrogen bonds in polar aprotic medium such as dimethyl sulfoxide. The interside-chain hydrogen bonding and salt-bridge type interactions that normally stabilize the helical structure of linear peptides in aqueous solutions are not observed. Histatin 5, unlike other naturally occurring antimicrobial polypeptides such as magainins, defensins, and tachyplesins, does not adopt amphiphilic structure, precluding its insertion into microbial membranes and formation of ion channels across membranes. Electrostatic (ionic type) and hydrogen bonding interactions of the positively charged and polar residues with the head groups of microbial membranes or with a membrane-bound receptor could be the initial step involved in the mechanism of antimicrobial activity of histatins. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 45: 51-67, 1998
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toluene degradation kinetics for planktonic and biofilm-grown cells of Pseudomonas putida 54G (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 535-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: toluene ; biofilm kinetics ; planktonic cell kinetics ; specific activity ; injury ; Pseudomonas putida 54G ; vapor phase bioreactor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Toluene degradation kinetics by biofilm and planktonic cells of Pseudomonas putida 54G were compared in this study. Batch degradation of 14C toluene was used to evaluate kinetic parameters for planktonic cells. The kinetic parameters determined for toluene degradation were: specific growth rate, μmax = 10.08 ± 1.2/day; half-saturation constant, KS = 3.98 ± 1.28 mg/L; substrate inhibition constant, KI = 42.78 ± 3.87 mg/L. Biofilm cells, grown on ceramic rings in vapor phase bioreactors, were removed and suspended in batch cultures to calculate 14C toluene degradation rates. Specific activities measured for planktonic and biofilm cells were similar based on toluene degrading cells and total biomass. Long-term toluene exposure reduced specific activities that were based on total biomass for both biofilm and planktonic cells. These results suggest that long-term toluene exposure caused a large portion of the biomass to become inactive, even though the biofilm was not substrate limited. Conversely, specific activities based on numbers of toluene-culturable cells were comparable for both biofilm and planktonically grown cultures. Planktonic cell kinetics are often used in bioreactor models to model substrate degradation and growth of bacteria in biofilms, a procedure we found to be appropriate for this organism. For superior bioreactor design, however, changes in cellular activity that occur during biofilm development should be investigated under conditions relevant to reactor operation before predictive models for bioreactor systems are developed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 53: 535-546, 1997.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of aryl nitration on gas sorption and permeation in polysulfone (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 657-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polysulfone ; aryl nitration ; permeability ; solubility ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: CO2, CH4, O2, and N2 permeability and solubility of unmodified and aryl-nitrated polysulfone were determined at 35°C and pressures up to 20 atm. The degree of nitration was varied from 0 to 2 nitro groups per repeat unit. The permeability and diffusion coefficients for all gases decreased with increasing degree of nitro substitution. The decrease in gas diffusivity is attributed to a combination of decreased fractional free volume and decreased torsional mobility with increasing degree of substitution. The solubilities of N2, O2, and CH4 do not show a systematic dependence on degree of substitution. However, CO2 solubility apparently goes through a minimum as the degree of substitution is increased. CO2 solubility may be influenced by a competition between increases in polymer polarity (favoring higher solubility) and lower free volume (favoring lower solubility) that accompanies increases in the polar nitro substituent concentration. CO2/CH4 solubility selectivity increases monotonically as the degree of substitution increases. CO2/CH4 permselectivity and diffusivity selectivity increased with increasing degree of substitution. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330415
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative evaluation of NaOH swelling and its effect on maturity of cotton fibers (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 1861-1864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070551317
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of reduction phenomena in a high performance liquid chromatography/particle beam/mass spectrometer system (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 150-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper we report our studies of reduction phenomena in a high performance liquid chromatography/particle beam interface-mass spectrometer system (HPLC/PB-MS). It is shown that reduction takes place in the ion source of the mass spectrometer, but that the particle beam interface plays an important role in the reduction process since the HPLC mobile phase is involved in the reduction. HPLC flow rate and desolvation-chamber temperature have significant effects on the reduction extent, while ion-source temperature has only a minor effect. All the nitro compounds and sulfoxides tested in this work showed reduction in the system. There was no observed reduction for sulfones. 1,4-Naphthaquinone showed significant reduction, while no reduction was observed for anthraqunone.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290090209
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