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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy (EF-TEM) Study of a Modulated Structure in Metakaolinite, Represented by a 14 Å Modulation (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For the first time, a periodicity of 14 Å is recognized as a typical modulation period in metakaolinite. Energy-filtered electron diffraction data confirm that dehydroxylation does not occur abruptly in kaolinite. The degree of ordering becomes much lower during the progression of dehydroxylation in metakaolinite than in kaolinite. However, different types of modulations, with periods in the range from ∼1.4d001 (9.47 Å) to 2.9d001 (19.89 Å), form along the c*-axis in metakaolinite. Modules (14.2 Å= 2.1d001) that have a length that is approximately twice as long as the metakaolinite layer (6.86 Å) are the most common. Presumably, the remnant oxygens and vacant anion sites rearrange to acquire stability in the layer structure, which builds modulations along the c*-axis in the metakaolinite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03297.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and application of a laterally driven electromagnetic microactuator (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 547-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A laterally driven electromagnetic microactuator (LaDEM) is introduced, and a micro-optical switch is designed and fabricated as an application. LaDEM offers parallel movement of the microactuator to the silicon substrate surface (in-plane mode). Polysilicon-on-insulator wafers and a reactive ion etching process were used to fabricate high-aspect-ratio vertical microstructures, which allowed the equipping of vertical micromirrors. A fabricated single leaf spring had a width of 1.2 μm, thickness of 16 μm, and length of 920 μm. The resistance of the fabricated leaf spring for the optical switch was 5 Ω. The deflection of the leaf spring started to profoundly increase at about 400 mA, and it showed snap-through phenomenon over that current value. Owing to the snap-through phenomenon, a large deflection of 60 μm was detected at 566 mA. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1494462
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Resistant to the Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 61 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Twenty-six bacteria were isolated from garlic (Allium sativum) and characterized. They all were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. All the isolates were resistant to antimicrobial activity of garlic and grew or survived in TSB with 10% garlic extract while other bacteria and yeasts from our laboratory collection were killed when 1–2% garlic extract was in the culture media. Garlic isolates were also more tolerant than common laboratory strains to the toxic effect of methyl methanethiosulfonate, a thiol inhibitor similar to allicin. This is the first report of the isolation of naturally occurring bacteria resistant to antimicrobial activity of garlic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14766.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumer value: an application to mall and Internet shopping (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of retail and distribution management 30 (2002), S. 595-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-0552
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Shopping malls and the Internet have become major competitors, providing multiple dimensions of consumer value ranging from economic or functional value to hedonic or experiential value. The selection of the Internet versus the mall for shopping can vary for different consumers and in different situations, even for the same consumer. This study's framework was based on Holbrook's consumer value typology that includes four components: efficiency (extrinsic/active), excellence (extrinsic,reactive), play (instrinsic/active),and aesthetics (instrinsic/reactive). Based on the consumer value experienced by mall and Internet shopping, each retailer must implement strategies that will lead to consumers' enhanced shopping experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550210453075
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-Beam-Induced Phase Transformations from Metakaolinite to Mullite Investigated by EF-TEM and HRTEM (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Both energy-filtered electron diffraction and EDS data clearly indicate extraction of amorphous silica from the parent metakaolinite by electron beam heating. Compared with the extracted silica through furnace heating, a larger population with inhomogeneous distribution and higher structural disorder of extracted silica by beam heating was noticed. There is a possibility that the spinel-type phase has lower symmetry than the suggested cubic symmetry, while the 〈111〉 orientation of the spinel-type phase is not perpendicular to the (001) plane of metakaolinite. HRTEM images of mullite crystals apparently demonstrate their random orientations with respect to the parent metakaolinite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00964.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase Transformation Sequence from Kaolinite to Mullite Investigated by an Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscope (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The phase transformation from kaolinite to mullite was examined with new electron diffraction data obtained using an energy-filtering transmission electron microscope. Kaolinite was finally transformed to mullite and cristobalite through several steps of endothermic and exothermic reactions, which resulted in metakaolinite, a microcrystalline spinel-type phase and amorphous silica. Metakaolinite maintained its short-range order even at 920°C. The spinel-type phase resulted from a topotactic transformation of metakaolinite. Mullite first appeared at around 940°C, showing no clear crystallographic relationships to the parent metakaolinite structure. It coexisted with metakaolinite and the spinel-type phase produced previously. The first strong exothermic peak on the DTA curve was mainly due to the extraction of amorphous silica from metakaolinite and the gradual nucleation of the mullite phase. The initially formed spinel-type and mullite phases were suggested to be Al-rich, but to progressively gain Si in their structures at higher temperatures. The spinel-type phase decomposed completely through a second weak exothermic reaction, promoting the crystallization of cristobalite from amorphous silica, and the growth of mullite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02165.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting online purchase intentions for clothing products (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    European journal of marketing 38 (2004), S. 883-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 0309-0566
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Shopping online for clothing products is gaining in popularity. This study identified the dimensions of online shopping attributes and predictors of the intention to purchase clothes, jewelry, or accessories based on online shopping attributes and demographic variables. A mailing survey was conducted with 303 adults who had a computer at home and had access to the Internet in the USA. The perceived attributes of online shopping consisted of four factors: transaction/cost; incentive programs; site design; and interactivity. The transaction/cost factor and the incentive programs factor, along with demographic variables (gender, income and number of children), were important predictors in determining the intention to purchase clothing, jewelry, or accessories via the Internet. Incentive program also mediated the relationship between education level and online purchase intention. This study provides managerial implications for the future online marketing of clothing products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560410539302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of MX-1 tridymite by 29Si MAS NMR — Modulated structures and structural phase transitions (1995)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 22 (1995), S. 30-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract MX-1 tridymite is one of the room-temperature polymorphs of SiO2 tridymite and has an underlying monoclinic structure (Cc) with incommensurate modulations along a * and c * (Hoffmann et al. 1983; Löns and Hoffmann 1987). With increasing temperature up to 500° C, MX-1 is reported to experience at least five structural phase transitions. However, its structures and the relationships to other tridymite polymorphs are unclear. We present here a 29Si MAS NMR study of the room-temperature incommensurate structure of MX-1 and its structural phase transitions up to 540° C. Our results suggest that at room temperature, all the Si sites in MX-1 tridymite are in positions with similiar ∠Si-O-Si of ∼150° and are consistent with the presence of two incommensurate modulations proposed by Hoffmann et al. (1983). Simulations of the spectra yield modulation amplitudes of 1.33 and 0.87 ppm, corresponding to 0.009 and 0.006 Å for Si-Si. The maximum atomic displacements along a and b due to the modulations appear to be ∼0.01–0.02 Å. The structural phase transitions of MX-1 are significantly different from those of MC tridymite below 220° C. Our high temperature results confirm that MX-1 tridymite transforms to the H5 phase at about 65° C. The most important transition occurs near 110° C, where the H5 phase transforms to a phase yielding a single, narrow NMR peak, indicating the disappearance of the superstructure and possibly the onset of the dynamic averaging. The NMR lineshapes of H5 are consistent with the metrically orthorhombic unit cell and commensurate superstructure of 2a, 2b and 10c proposed by Graetsch and Flörke (1991). The phase present above 110° C is probably similar to the OC phase, but has a mean ∠Si-O-Si of ∼152.0° at 113° C, 152.9° at 185° C and 154.1° at 500° C. The transitions at ∼160 and 220° C for MX-1 are subtle and probably due to impurity MC. Analysis of the modulations in the OS phase of MC tridymite indicates that their amplitudes are of the order of 0.02 Å, significantly less than the value 0.3 Å proposed by Nukui et al. (1979).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202678
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the potential for groundwater contamination using the DRASTIC/EGIS technique, Cheongju area, South Korea (1999)
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 7 (1999), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words contamination ; vulnerability ; groundwater protection ; South Korea ; urban groundwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La contamination de l'eau souterraine devient un problème environnemental majeur en Corée du Sud, en relation avec le développement industriel bien marqué et l'explosion démographique. Meme dans les zones rurales, l'utilisation accrue d'engrais et de pesticides, le drainage acide de mines et les rejets croissants d'eaux usées contribuent à la pollution des nappes. Le modèle DRASTIC/EGIS a été utilisé pour évaluer le potentiel de contamination des eaux souterraines dans la région de la ville de Cheongju, la première de plusieurs régions pilotes. Le modèle permet de définir des ensembles hydrogéologiques dans la région étudiée, à partir de la description composite de tous les facteurs géologiques et hydrogéologiques essentiels pour chaque ensemble. Ensuite, un schéma pour le classement des facteurs hydrogéologiques est mis en oeuvre pour évaluer la vulnérabilité relative à la contamination des eaux souterraines pour chaque ensemble. DRASTIC/EGIS peut servir d'outil d'évaluation du potentiel de pollution et ainsi faciliter des plans de protection des ressources en eau souterraines.
    Abstract: Resumen La contaminación de aguas subterráneas, debida a la expansión industrial y al fuerte crecimiento demográfico, supone un gran problema medioambiental en Corea del Sur. También en áreas rurales, el incremento en el uso de fertilizantes y pesticidas, el drenaje de minas y el aumento de los caudales de aguas residuales provocan un aumento de la contaminación. Para evaluar el riesgo de contaminación de las aguas subterráneas en el área de la ciudad de Cheongju, el primero de una serie de estudios piloto, se utilizó el modelo DRASTIC/EGIS. Este modelo permite la zonificación del área de estudio, basada en consideraciones geológicas e hidrogeológicas. En cada una de las zonas se aplica un esquema de clasificación que evalúa su vulnerabilidad relativa. El modelo DRASTIC/EGIS puede servir como una herramienta para evaluar el riesgo potencial de contaminación que facilite la creación de programas de protección de los recursos subterráneos.
    Notes: Abstract  Groundwater contamination is becoming a major environmental problem in South Korea with the marked expansion of the industrial base and the explosive growth of the population. Even in rural areas, the increased use of fertilizers and pesticides, the presence of acid-mine drainage, and increase of volumes of domestic wastewaters are adding to groundwater pollution. The DRASTIC/EGIS model was used to evaluate the potential for groundwater contamination in the Cheongju city area, the first of several pilot studies. The model allows the designation of hydrogeologic settings within the study area, based on a composite description of all the major geologic and hydrogeologic factors for each setting. Then, a scheme for relative ranking of the hydrogeologic factors is applied to evaluate the relative vulnerability to groundwater contamination of each hydrogeologic setting. DRASTIC/EGIS can serve as a tool to evaluate pollution potential and so facilitate programs to protect groundwater resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050195
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple genes encoding serine/threonine protein phosphatases and their differential expression in Nicotiana tabacum (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 36 (1998), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA cloning ; Ser/Thr protein phosphatase ; Nicotiana tabacum ; multigene family
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Five cDNA clones encoding the catalytic subunits of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PP) of Nicotiana tabacum were described. Among them, three clones (NPP1, NPP2, and NPP3) encoded type 1 PP (PP1), whereas the rest of the clones (NPP4 and NPP5) encoded type 2A PP (PP2A). These cDNA clones exhibited high sequence identity in the PP core region to the corresponding genes from animals and plants. NPP1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in flowers, whereas NPP5 mRNA was mainly detected in leaves and flowers. In contrast, the transcripts of NPP2, NPP3, and NPP4 genes were present in all tissues examined. Throughout flower development, NPP1, NPP2, NPP5 mRNAs were expressed without any significant variation at the steady-state level. Genomic Southern blot showed that tobacco genome contained multiple genes and/or pseudogenes for both type 1 and type 2A phosphatases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005943805988
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