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  • Articles  (24)
  • Humans  (19)
  • Models, Molecular  (5)
  • Base Sequence
  • 2005-2009  (24)
  • Biology  (24)
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  • Articles  (24)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-07-11
    Description: Structured RNAs embedded in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of messenger RNAs can regulate gene expression. In bacteria, control of a metabolite gene is mediated by the self-cleaving activity of a ribozyme embedded in its 5' UTR. This discovery has raised the question of whether gene-regulating ribozymes also exist in eukaryotic mRNAs. Here we show that highly active hammerhead ribozymes are present in the 3' UTRs of rodent C-type lectin type II (Clec2) genes. Using a hammerhead RNA motif search with relaxed delimitation of the non-conserved regions, we detected ribozyme sequences in which the invariant regions, in contrast to the previously identified continuous hammerheads, occur as two fragments separated by hundreds of nucleotides. Notably, a fragment pair can assemble to form an active hammerhead ribozyme structure between the translation termination and the polyadenylation signals within the 3' UTR. We demonstrate that this hammerhead structure can self-cleave both in vitro and in vivo, and is able to reduce protein expression in mouse cells. These results indicate that an unrecognized mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation involving association of discontinuous ribozyme sequences within an mRNA may be modulating the expression of several CLEC2 proteins that function in bone remodelling and the immune response of several mammals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612532/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612532/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martick, Monika -- Horan, Lucas H -- Noller, Harry F -- Scott, William G -- R01 AI043393/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043393-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM087721/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01043393/PHS HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 14;454(7206):899-902. doi: 10.1038/nature07117. Epub 2008 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. mmartick@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18615019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Animals ; Down-Regulation ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-06-16
    Description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness worldwide, is as prevalent as cancer in industrialized nations. Most blindness in AMD results from invasion of the retina by choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Here we show that the eosinophil/mast cell chemokine receptor CCR3 is specifically expressed in choroidal neovascular endothelial cells in humans with AMD, and that despite the expression of its ligands eotaxin-1, -2 and -3, neither eosinophils nor mast cells are present in human CNV. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of CCR3 or eotaxins inhibited injury-induced CNV in mice. CNV suppression by CCR3 blockade was due to direct inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, and was uncoupled from inflammation because it occurred in mice lacking eosinophils or mast cells, and was independent of macrophage and neutrophil recruitment. CCR3 blockade was more effective at reducing CNV than vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) neutralization, which is in clinical use at present, and, unlike VEGF-A blockade, is not toxic to the mouse retina. In vivo imaging with CCR3-targeting quantum dots located spontaneous CNV invisible to standard fluorescein angiography in mice before retinal invasion. CCR3 targeting might reduce vision loss due to AMD through early detection and therapeutic angioinhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712122/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712122/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Atsunobu -- Baffi, Judit Z -- Kleinman, Mark E -- Cho, Won Gil -- Nozaki, Miho -- Yamada, Kiyoshi -- Kaneko, Hiroki -- Albuquerque, Romulo J C -- Dridi, Sami -- Saito, Kuniharu -- Raisler, Brian J -- Budd, Steven J -- Geisen, Pete -- Munitz, Ariel -- Ambati, Balamurali K -- Green, Martha G -- Ishibashi, Tatsuro -- Wright, John D -- Humbles, Alison A -- Gerard, Craig J -- Ogura, Yuichiro -- Pan, Yuzhen -- Smith, Justine R -- Grisanti, Salvatore -- Hartnett, M Elizabeth -- Rothenberg, Marc E -- Ambati, Jayakrishna -- AI039759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45898/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK076893/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY010572/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY015130/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY015422/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017011/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017182/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017950/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK076893/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015422/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015422-04/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):225-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08151. Epub 2009 Jun 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19525930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL11/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL24/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokines, CC/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Choroid/blood supply/cytology/metabolism ; Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Ligands ; Macular Degeneration/*diagnosis/metabolism/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Quantum Dots ; Receptors, CCR3/analysis/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Retina/drug effects/pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: We describe a pathogenetic mechanism underlying a variant form of the inherited blood disorder alpha thalassemia. Association studies of affected individuals from Melanesia localized the disease trait to the telomeric region of human chromosome 16, which includes the alpha-globin gene cluster, but no molecular defects were detected by conventional approaches. After resequencing and using a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation and expression analysis on a tiled oligonucleotide array, we identified a gain-of-function regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism (rSNP) in a nongenic region between the alpha-globin genes and their upstream regulatory elements. The rSNP creates a new promoterlike element that interferes with normal activation of all downstream alpha-like globin genes. Thus, our work illustrates a strategy for distinguishing between neutral and functionally important rSNPs, and it also identifies a pathogenetic mechanism that could potentially underlie other genetic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Gobbi, Marco -- Viprakasit, Vip -- Hughes, Jim R -- Fisher, Chris -- Buckle, Veronica J -- Ayyub, Helena -- Gibbons, Richard J -- Vernimmen, Douglas -- Yoshinaga, Yuko -- de Jong, Pieter -- Cheng, Jan-Fang -- Rubin, Edward M -- Wood, William G -- Bowden, Don -- Higgs, Douglas R -- MC_U137961143/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137961145/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137961147/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/*genetics ; Erythroblasts ; GATA1 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Globins/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Melanesia ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Multigene Family ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; Transcription, Genetic ; alpha-Thalassemia/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: Cells must amplify external signals to orient and migrate in chemotactic gradient fields. We find that human neutrophils release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the leading edge of the cell surface to amplify chemotactic signals and direct cell orientation by feedback through P2Y2 nucleotide receptors. Neutrophils rapidly hydrolyze released ATP to adenosine that then acts via A3-type adenosine receptors, which are recruited to the leading edge, to promote cell migration. Thus, ATP release and autocrine feedback through P2Y2 and A3 receptors provide signal amplification, controlling gradient sensing and migration of neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Yu -- Corriden, Ross -- Inoue, Yoshiaki -- Yip, Linda -- Hashiguchi, Naoyuki -- Zinkernagel, Annelies -- Nizet, Victor -- Insel, Paul A -- Junger, Wolfgang G -- GM-60475/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-66232/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- PR043034/PR/OCPHP CDC HHS/ -- R01 GM-51477/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1792-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists ; Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Autocrine Communication ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neutrophils/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists ; Receptor, Adenosine A3/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2 ; Signal Transduction ; Suramin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guntheroth, Warren G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):856-7; author reply 856-7. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5903.856.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism ; Bradycardia ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Infant ; Mice ; Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Sudden Infant Death/*etiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-06-25
    Description: Converting all U.S. onroad vehicles to hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs) may improve air quality, health, and climate significantly, whether the hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of natural gas, wind electrolysis, or coal gasification. Most benefits would result from eliminating current vehicle exhaust. Wind and natural gas HFCVs offer the greatest potential health benefits and could save 3700 to 6400 U.S. lives annually. Wind HFCVs should benefit climate most. An all-HFCV fleet would hardly affect tropospheric water vapor concentrations. Conversion to coal HFCVs may improve health but would damage climate more than fossil/electric hybrids. The real cost of hydrogen from wind electrolysis may be below that of U.S. gasoline.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobson, M Z -- Colella, W G -- Golden, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 24;308(5730):1901-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA. jacobson@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15976300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/*prevention & control ; *Climate ; Computer Simulation ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Energy-Generating Resources/economics ; Fossil Fuels ; Gasoline ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Health ; Humans ; *Hydrogen ; Mortality ; *Motor Vehicles ; Smog/analysis ; Vehicle Emissions ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: The Vibrio cholerae bacterium causes devastating diarrhea when it infects the human intestine. The key event is adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of the human signaling protein GSalpha, catalyzed by the cholera toxin A1 subunit (CTA1). This reaction is allosterically activated by human ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), a family of essential and ubiquitous G proteins. Crystal structures of a CTA1:ARF6-GTP (guanosine triphosphate) complex reveal that binding of the human activator elicits dramatic changes in CTA1 loop regions that allow nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to bind to the active site. The extensive toxin:ARF-GTP interface surface mimics ARF-GTP recognition of normal cellular protein partners, which suggests that the toxin has evolved to exploit promiscuous binding properties of ARFs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Neal, Claire J -- Jobling, Michael G -- Holmes, Randall K -- Hol, Wim G J -- AI-31940/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-34501/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1093-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cholera Toxin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Life originated, according to the RNA World hypothesis, from self-replicating ribozymes that catalyzed ligation of RNA fragments. We have solved the 2.6 angstrom crystal structure of a ligase ribozyme that catalyzes regiospecific formation of a 5' to 3' phosphodiester bond between the 5'-triphosphate and the 3'-hydroxyl termini of two RNA fragments. Invariant residues form tertiary contacts that stabilize a flexible stem of the ribozyme at the ligation site, where an essential magnesium ion coordinates three phosphates. The structure of the active site permits us to suggest how transition-state stabilization and a general base may catalyze the ligation reaction required for prebiotic RNA assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robertson, Michael P -- Scott, William G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1549-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Molecular Biology of RNA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Robert L. Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligoribonucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guntheroth, Warren G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):639. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.639a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung/*radiography ; Lung Neoplasms/*radiography ; Mass Screening/*economics ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hugenholtz, Philip -- Tyson, Gene W -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):481-3. doi: 10.1038/455481a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Computational Biology/trends ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genetics, Microbial/methods ; Genome/genetics ; *Genomics/economics/methods/trends ; Humans ; Marine Biology ; Prokaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics ; Time Factors ; Viruses/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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