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  • Female  (7)
  • Mice  (6)
  • Aerospace Medicine
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (12)
  • 2005-2009  (12)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, Laura D -- Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Lin, Jimmy -- Sjoblom, Tobias -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Shen, Dong -- Boca, Simina M -- Barber, Thomas -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Szabo, Steve -- Dezso, Zoltan -- Ustyanksky, Vadim -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Karchin, Rachel -- Wilson, Paul A -- Kaminker, Joshua S -- Zhang, Zemin -- Croshaw, Randal -- Willis, Joseph -- Dawson, Dawn -- Shipitsin, Michail -- Willson, James K V -- Sukumar, Saraswati -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Park, Ben Ho -- Pethiyagoda, Charit L -- Pant, P V Krishna -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Sparks, Andrew B -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Douglas R -- Suh, Erick -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Buckhaults, Phillip -- Markowitz, Sanford D -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA109274/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA112828/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM070219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA43703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR017698/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1108-13. Epub 2007 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Databases, Genetic ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Rogers, Jeffrey -- Katze, Michael G -- Bumgarner, Roger -- Weinstock, George M -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Remington, Karin A -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Venter, J Craig -- Wilson, Richard K -- Batzer, Mark A -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Eichler, Evan E -- Hahn, Matthew W -- Hardison, Ross C -- Makova, Kateryna D -- Miller, Webb -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Palermo, Robert E -- Siepel, Adam -- Sikela, James M -- Attaway, Tony -- Bell, Stephanie -- Bernard, Kelly E -- Buhay, Christian J -- Chandrabose, Mimi N -- Dao, Marvin -- Davis, Clay -- Delehaunty, Kimberly D -- Ding, Yan -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fulton, Lucinda A -- Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha -- Garner, Toni T -- Godfrey, Jennifer -- Hawes, Alicia C -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Holder, Michael -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Khan, Ziad Mohid -- Kirkness, Ewen F -- Cree, Andrew -- Fowler, R Gerald -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Li, Zhangwan -- Liu, Yih-Shin -- Moore, Stephanie M -- Muzny, Donna -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Ngo, Dinh Ngoc -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Pai, Grace -- Parker, David -- Paul, Heidie A -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Pohl, Craig S -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Ruiz, San Juana -- Sabo, Aniko -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Schneider, Brian W -- Smith, Scott M -- Sodergren, Erica -- Svatek, Amanda F -- Utterback, Teresa R -- Vattathil, Selina -- Warren, Wesley -- White, Courtney Sherell -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Feng, Yucheng -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Hillier, Ladeana W -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Minx, Pat -- Nelson, Joanne O -- Pepin, Kymberlie H -- Qin, Xiang -- Sutton, Granger G -- Venter, Eli -- Walenz, Brian P -- Wallis, John W -- Worley, Kim C -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Jones, Steven M -- Marra, Marco A -- Rocchi, Mariano -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Baertsch, Robert -- Clarke, Laura -- Csuros, Miklos -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Harris, R Alan -- Havlak, Paul -- Jackson, Andrew R -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Liu, Yue -- Messina, David N -- Shen, Yufeng -- Song, Henry Xing-Zhi -- Wylie, Todd -- Zhang, Lan -- Birney, Ewan -- Han, Kyudong -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Lee, Jungnam -- Smit, Arian F A -- Ullmer, Brygg -- Wang, Hui -- Xing, Jinchuan -- Burhans, Richard -- Cheng, Ze -- Karro, John E -- Ma, Jian -- Raney, Brian -- She, Xinwei -- Cox, Michael J -- Demuth, Jeffery P -- Dumas, Laura J -- Han, Sang-Gook -- Hopkins, Janet -- Karimpour-Fard, Anis -- Kim, Young H -- Pollack, Jonathan R -- Vinar, Tomas -- Addo-Quaye, Charles -- Degenhardt, Jeremiah -- Denby, Alexandra -- Hubisz, Melissa J -- Indap, Amit -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Lahn, Bruce T -- Lawson, Heather A -- Marklein, Alison -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Vallender, Eric J -- Clark, Andrew G -- Ferguson, Betsy -- Hernandez, Ryan D -- Hirani, Kashif -- Kehrer-Sawatzki, Hildegard -- Kolb, Jessica -- Patil, Shobha -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Ren, Yanru -- Smith, David Glenn -- Wheeler, David A -- Schenck, Ian -- Ball, Edward V -- Chen, Rui -- Cooper, David N -- Giardine, Belinda -- Hsu, Fan -- Kent, W James -- Lesk, Arthur -- Nelson, David L -- O'brien, William E -- Prufer, Kay -- Stenson, Peter D -- Wallace, James C -- Ke, Hui -- Liu, Xiao-Ming -- Wang, Peng -- Xiang, Andy Peng -- Yang, Fan -- Barber, Galt P -- Haussler, David -- Karolchik, Donna -- Kern, Andy D -- Kuhn, Robert M -- Smith, Kayla E -- Zwieg, Ann S -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003068/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):222-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agibbs@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Male ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Dynein motors move various cargos along microtubules within the cytoplasm and power the beating of cilia and flagella. An unusual feature of dynein is that its microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) is separated from its ring-shaped AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) domain by a 15-nanometer coiled-coil stalk. We report the crystal structure of the mouse cytoplasmic dynein MTBD and a portion of the coiled coil, which supports a mechanism by which the ATPase domain and MTBD may communicate through a shift in the heptad registry of the coiled coil. Surprisingly, functional data suggest that the MTBD, and not the ATPase domain, is the main determinant of the direction of dynein motility.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663340/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663340/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, Andrew P -- Garbarino, Joan E -- Wilson-Kubalek, Elizabeth M -- Shipley, Wesley E -- Cho, Carol -- Milligan, Ronald A -- Vale, Ronald D -- Gibbons, I R -- GM30401-29/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM52468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR042895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR042895-15/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01-AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR-17573/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1691-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1164424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Dyneins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Sexual conflict occurs when males and females act against each others' interest, typically resulting in selection favoring harmful males. We performed laboratory experiments on sexual conflict that both confined individuals in isolated groups, which prevents selection acting counter to this conflict, and provided more naturalistic multigroup population structures. We show that in water striders, aggressive male mating behavior was strongly favored within groups but not favored in a multigroup population when individuals can freely disperse among groups. These observations explain the persistence of less-aggressive males within natural populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eldakar, Omar Tonsi -- Dlugos, Michael J -- Pepper, John W -- Wilson, David Sloan -- 5 K12 GM000708/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K12 GM000708/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):816. doi: 10.1126/science.1180183.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; Female ; Heteroptera/*physiology ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Population Dynamics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-03-21
    Description: Two experiments revealed that (i) people can more accurately predict their affective reactions to a future event when they know how a neighbor in their social network reacted to the event than when they know about the event itself and (ii) people do not believe this. Undergraduates made more accurate predictions about their affective reactions to a 5-minute speed date (n = 25) and to a peer evaluation (n = 88) when they knew only how another undergraduate had reacted to these events than when they had information about the events themselves. Both participants and independent judges mistakenly believed that predictions based on information about the event would be more accurate than predictions based on information about how another person had reacted to it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, Daniel T -- Killingsworth, Matthew A -- Eyre, Rebecca N -- Wilson, Timothy D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1617-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1166632.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. gilbert@wjh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Affect ; *Emotions ; Female ; *Forecasting ; Happiness ; Humans ; Male ; Peer Group ; *Social Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001 challenged current approaches to forensic DNA typing methods. The large number of victims and the extreme thermal and physical conditions of the site necessitated special approaches to the DNA-based identification. Because of these and many additional challenges, new procedures were created or modified from routine forensic protocols. This effort facilitated the identification of 1594 of the 2749 victims. In this Policy Forum, the authors, who were were members of the World Trade Center Kinship and Data Analysis Panel, review the lessons of the attack response from the perspective of DNA forensic identification and suggest policies and procedures for future mass disasters or large-scale terrorist attacks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biesecker, Leslie G -- Bailey-Wilson, Joan E -- Ballantyne, Jack -- Baum, Howard -- Bieber, Frederick R -- Brenner, Charles -- Budowle, Bruce -- Butler, John M -- Carmody, George -- Conneally, P Michael -- Duceman, Barry -- Eisenberg, Arthur -- Forman, Lisa -- Kidd, Kenneth K -- Leclair, Benoit -- Niezgoda, Steven -- Parsons, Thomas J -- Pugh, Elizabeth -- Shaler, Robert -- Sherry, Stephen T -- Sozer, Amanda -- Walsh, Anne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1122-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dna ; *DNA Fingerprinting/methods ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Disaster Planning ; Family ; Female ; Forecasting ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Male ; *September 11 Terrorist Attacks ; Specimen Handling ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-04-01
    Description: Germ cells in the mouse embryo can develop as oocytes or spermatogonia, depending on molecular cues that have not been identified. We found that retinoic acid, produced by mesonephroi of both sexes, causes germ cells in the ovary to enter meiosis and initiate oogenesis. Meiosis is retarded in the fetal testis by the action of the retinoid-degrading enzyme CYP26B1, ultimately leading to spermatogenesis. In testes of Cyp26b1-knockout mouse embryos, germ cells enter meiosis precociously, as if in a normal ovary. Thus, precise regulation of retinoid levels during fetal gonad development provides the molecular control mechanism that specifies germ cell fate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowles, Josephine -- Knight, Deon -- Smith, Christopher -- Wilhelm, Dagmar -- Richman, Joy -- Mamiya, Satoru -- Yashiro, Kenta -- Chawengsaksophak, Kallayanee -- Wilson, Megan J -- Rossant, Janet -- Hamada, Hiroshi -- Koopman, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):596-600. Epub 2006 Mar 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Reporter ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lac Operon ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mesonephros/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Naphthalenes/pharmacology ; *Oogenesis ; Ovary/embryology/metabolism ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sertoli Cells/enzymology ; Sex Characteristics ; *Signal Transduction ; *Spermatogenesis ; Testis/embryology/metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Tretinoin/*metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: Axonal guidance and vascular patterning share several guidance cues, including proteins in the netrin family. We demonstrate that netrins stimulate proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human endothelial cells in vitro and that this stimulation is independent of known netrin receptors. Suppression of netrin1a messenger RNA in zebrafish inhibits vascular sprouting, implying a proangiogenic role for netrins during vertebrate development. We also show that netrins accelerate neovascularization in an in vivo model of ischemia and that they reverse neuropathy and vasculopathy in a diabetic murine model. We propose that the attractive vascular and neural guidance functions of netrins offer a unique therapeutic potential.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2577078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2577078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Brent D -- Ii, Masaaki -- Park, Kye Won -- Suli, Arminda -- Sorensen, Lise K -- Larrieu-Lahargue, Frederic -- Urness, Lisa D -- Suh, Wonhee -- Asai, Jun -- Kock, Gerhardus A H -- Thorne, Tina -- Silver, Marcy -- Thomas, Kirk R -- Chien, Chi-Bin -- Losordo, Douglas W -- Li, Dean Y -- R01 HL068873/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077671/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077671-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):640-4. Epub 2006 Jun 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Chemotaxis ; DNA, Complementary ; Diabetic Angiopathies/therapy ; Diabetic Neuropathies/therapy ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Endothelial Cells/*physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Ischemia/drug therapy ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Neural Conduction ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/therapeutic use ; Zebrafish
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: Forming distinct representations of multiple contexts, places, and episodes is a crucial function of the hippocampus. The dentate gyrus subregion has been suggested to fulfill this role. We have tested this hypothesis by generating and analyzing a mouse strain that lacks the gene encoding the essential subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1, specifically in dentate gyrus granule cells. The mutant mice performed normally in contextual fear conditioning, but were impaired in the ability to distinguish two similar contexts. A significant reduction in the context-specific modulation of firing rate was observed in the CA3 pyramidal cells when the mutant mice were transferred from one context to another. These results provide evidence that NMDA receptors in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus play a crucial role in the process of pattern separation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McHugh, Thomas J -- Jones, Matthew W -- Quinn, Jennifer J -- Balthasar, Nina -- Coppari, Roberto -- Elmquist, Joel K -- Lowell, Bradford B -- Fanselow, Michael S -- Wilson, Matthew A -- Tonegawa, Susumu -- G0501146/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MH62122/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50-MH58880/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):94-9. Epub 2007 Jun 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Fear ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Learning/*physiology ; Maze Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; *Pattern Recognition, Physiological ; Perforant Pathway ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics/*physiology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: The evolutionary changes that occur over a small number of generations in natural populations often run counter to what is expected on the basis of the heritability of traits and the selective forces acting upon them. In Soay sheep, dark coat color is associated with large size, which is heritable and positively correlated with fitness, yet the frequency of dark sheep has decreased. This unexpected microevolutionary trend is explained by genetic linkage between the causal mutation underlying the color polymorphism and quantitative trait loci with antagonistic effects on size and fitness. As a consequence, homozygous dark sheep are large, but have reduced fitness relative to phenotypically indistinguishable dark heterozygotes and light sheep. This result demonstrates the importance of understanding the genetic basis of fitness variation when making predictions about the microevolutionary consequences of selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gratten, J -- Wilson, A J -- McRae, A F -- Beraldi, D -- Visscher, P M -- Pemberton, J M -- Slate, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 18;319(5861):318-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1151182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight/genetics ; Body Size/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Linear Models ; Male ; Oxidoreductases/genetics ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Reproduction ; Scotland ; Selection, Genetic ; Sheep/*genetics/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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