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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (12)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • 2005-2009  (12)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownlee, Don -- Tsou, Peter -- Aleon, Jerome -- Alexander, Conel M O'd -- Araki, Tohru -- Bajt, Sasa -- Baratta, Giuseppe A -- Bastien, Ron -- Bland, Phil -- Bleuet, Pierre -- Borg, Janet -- Bradley, John P -- Brearley, Adrian -- Brenker, F -- Brennan, Sean -- Bridges, John C -- Browning, Nigel D -- Brucato, John R -- Bullock, E -- Burchell, Mark J -- Busemann, Henner -- Butterworth, Anna -- Chaussidon, Marc -- Cheuvront, Allan -- Chi, Miaofang -- Cintala, Mark J -- Clark, B C -- Clemett, Simon J -- Cody, George -- Colangeli, Luigi -- Cooper, George -- Cordier, Patrick -- Daghlian, C -- Dai, Zurong -- D'Hendecourt, Louis -- Djouadi, Zahia -- Dominguez, Gerardo -- Duxbury, Tom -- Dworkin, Jason P -- Ebel, Denton S -- Economou, Thanasis E -- Fakra, Sirine -- Fairey, Sam A J -- Fallon, Stewart -- Ferrini, Gianluca -- Ferroir, T -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Floss, Christine -- Flynn, George -- Franchi, Ian A -- Fries, Marc -- Gainsforth, Z -- Gallien, J-P -- Genge, Matt -- Gilles, Mary K -- Gillet, Philipe -- Gilmour, Jamie -- Glavin, Daniel P -- Gounelle, Matthieu -- Grady, Monica M -- Graham, Giles A -- Grant, P G -- Green, Simon F -- Grossemy, Faustine -- Grossman, Lawrence -- Grossman, Jeffrey N -- Guan, Yunbin -- Hagiya, Kenji -- Harvey, Ralph -- Heck, Philipp -- Herzog, Gregory F -- Hoppe, Peter -- Horz, Friedrich -- Huth, Joachim -- Hutcheon, Ian D -- Ignatyev, Konstantin -- Ishii, Hope -- Ito, Motoo -- Jacob, Damien -- Jacobsen, Chris -- Jacobsen, Stein -- Jones, Steven -- Joswiak, David -- Jurewicz, Amy -- Kearsley, Anton T -- Keller, Lindsay P -- Khodja, H -- Kilcoyne, A L David -- Kissel, Jochen -- Krot, Alexander -- Langenhorst, Falko -- Lanzirotti, Antonio -- Le, Loan -- Leshin, Laurie A -- Leitner, J -- Lemelle, L -- Leroux, Hugues -- Liu, Ming-Chang -- Luening, K -- Lyon, Ian -- Macpherson, Glen -- Marcus, Matthew A -- Marhas, Kuljeet -- Marty, Bernard -- Matrajt, Graciela -- McKeegan, Kevin -- Meibom, Anders -- Mennella, Vito -- Messenger, Keiko -- Messenger, Scott -- Mikouchi, Takashi -- Mostefaoui, Smail -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Nakano, T -- Newville, M -- Nittler, Larry R -- Ohnishi, Ichiro -- Ohsumi, Kazumasa -- Okudaira, Kyoko -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Palma, Russ -- Palumbo, Maria E -- Pepin, Robert O -- Perkins, David -- Perronnet, Murielle -- Pianetta, P -- Rao, William -- Rietmeijer, Frans J M -- Robert, Francois -- Rost, D -- Rotundi, Alessandra -- Ryan, Robert -- Sandford, Scott A -- Schwandt, Craig S -- See, Thomas H -- Schlutter, Dennis -- Sheffield-Parker, J -- Simionovici, Alexandre -- Simon, Steven -- Sitnitsky, I -- Snead, Christopher J -- Spencer, Maegan K -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Steele, Andrew -- Stephan, Thomas -- Stroud, Rhonda -- Susini, Jean -- Sutton, S R -- Suzuki, Y -- Taheri, Mitra -- Taylor, Susan -- Teslich, Nick -- Tomeoka, Kazu -- Tomioka, Naotaka -- Toppani, Alice -- Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M -- Troadec, David -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Tuzzolino, Anthony J -- Tyliszczak, Tolek -- Uesugi, K -- Velbel, Michael -- Vellenga, Joe -- Vicenzi, E -- Vincze, L -- Warren, Jack -- Weber, Iris -- Weisberg, Mike -- Westphal, Andrew J -- Wirick, Sue -- Wooden, Diane -- Wopenka, Brigitte -- Wozniakiewicz, Penelope -- Wright, Ian -- Yabuta, Hikaru -- Yano, Hajime -- Young, Edward D -- Zare, Richard N -- Zega, Thomas -- Ziegler, Karen -- Zimmerman, Laurent -- Zinner, Ernst -- Zolensky, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1711-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. brownlee@astro.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: Organics found in comet 81P/Wild 2 samples show a heterogeneous and unequilibrated distribution in abundance and composition. Some organics are similar, but not identical, to those in interplanetary dust particles and carbonaceous meteorites. A class of aromatic-poor organic material is also present. The organics are rich in oxygen and nitrogen compared with meteoritic organics. Aromatic compounds are present, but the samples tend to be relatively poorer in aromatics than are meteorites and interplanetary dust particles. The presence of deuterium and nitrogen-15 excesses suggest that some organics have an interstellar/protostellar heritage. Although the variable extent of modification of these materials by impact capture is not yet fully constrained, a diverse suite of organic compounds is present and identifiable within the returned samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandford, Scott A -- Aleon, Jerome -- Alexander, Conel M O'd -- Araki, Tohru -- Bajt, Sasa -- Baratta, Giuseppe A -- Borg, Janet -- Bradley, John P -- Brownlee, Donald E -- Brucato, John R -- Burchell, Mark J -- Busemann, Henner -- Butterworth, Anna -- Clemett, Simon J -- Cody, George -- Colangeli, Luigi -- Cooper, George -- D'Hendecourt, Louis -- Djouadi, Zahia -- Dworkin, Jason P -- Ferrini, Gianluca -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Flynn, George J -- Franchi, Ian A -- Fries, Marc -- Gilles, Mary K -- Glavin, Daniel P -- Gounelle, Matthieu -- Grossemy, Faustine -- Jacobsen, Chris -- Keller, Lindsay P -- Kilcoyne, A L David -- Leitner, Jan -- Matrajt, Graciela -- Meibom, Anders -- Mennella, Vito -- Mostefaoui, Smail -- Nittler, Larry R -- Palumbo, Maria E -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Robert, Francois -- Rotundi, Alessandra -- Snead, Christopher J -- Spencer, Maegan K -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Steele, Andrew -- Stephan, Thomas -- Tsou, Peter -- Tyliszczak, Tolek -- Westphal, Andrew J -- Wirick, Sue -- Wopenka, Brigitte -- Yabuta, Hikaru -- Zare, Richard N -- Zolensky, Michael E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1720-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ssandford@mail.arc.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/analysis ; Cosmic Dust/analysis ; Deuterium/analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Organic Chemicals/*analysis ; Oxygen/analysis ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis ; Spacecraft
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Transannular chemical reactions are unparalleled in their ability to generate high degrees of stereochemical and architectural complexity in a single transformation. However, the successful application of this approach in synthesis depends on the ability to predict and control the outcome of the transannular reaction. Use of a chiral catalyst in this context represents an attractive, yet unused, strategy. This report describes a catalytic, asymmetric transannnular Diels-Alder (TADA) reaction that affords polycyclic products in high enantiomeric excess. This catalyst system can also alter the inherent diastereoselectivity of cyclizations with substrates containing chiral centers. Additionally, the catalytic enantioselective TADA has been used as the key step in a total synthesis of the sesquiterpene 11,12-diacetoxydrimane; this route may provide a general approach to the polycyclic carbon framework shared by many terpene natural products.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balskus, Emily P -- Jacobsen, Eric N -- GM-59316/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059316/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1736-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Chemistry, Organic/*methods ; Molecular Conformation ; Naphthalenes/chemical synthesis ; Polycyclic Compounds/*chemistry
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: The ability of species to track their ecological niche after climate change is a major source of uncertainty in predicting their future distribution. By analyzing DNA fingerprinting (amplified fragment-length polymorphism) of nine plant species, we show that long-distance colonization of a remote arctic archipelago, Svalbard, has occurred repeatedly and from several source regions. Propagules are likely carried by wind and drifting sea ice. The genetic effect of restricted colonization was strongly correlated with the temperature requirements of the species, indicating that establishment limits distribution more than dispersal. Thus, it may be appropriate to assume unlimited dispersal when predicting long-term range shifts in the Arctic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alsos, Inger Greve -- Eidesen, Pernille Bronken -- Ehrich, Dorothee -- Skrede, Inger -- Westergaard, Kristine -- Jacobsen, Gro Hilde -- Landvik, Jon Y -- Taberlet, Pierre -- Brochmann, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1606-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway. ingera@unis.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Angiosperms/genetics/*growth & development/physiology ; Arabis/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Arctic Regions ; Betula/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Cold Climate ; DNA Fingerprinting ; *Ecosystem ; Ericaceae/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Ice Cover ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rosales/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Salix/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Wind
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: High-precision barium isotope measurements yielded differences of up to 25 parts per million in the 137Ba/136Ba ratio and 60 parts per million in the 138Ba/136Ba ratio between chondrites and Earth. These differences probably arose from incomplete mixing of nucleosynthetic material in the solar nebula. Chondritic meteorites have a slight excess of supernova-derived material as compared to Earth, demonstrating that the solar nebula was not perfectly homogenized upon formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ranen, Michael C -- Jacobsen, Stein B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):809-12. Epub 2006 Oct 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ranen@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: Optical absorption spectra have been measured at pressures up to 80 gigapascals (GPa) for the lower-mantle oxide magnesiowustite (Mg,Fe)O. Upon reaching the high-spin to low-spin transition of Fe2+ at about 60 GPa, we observed enhanced absorption in the mid- and near-infrared spectral range, whereas absorption in the visible-ultraviolet was reduced. The observed changes in absorption are in contrast to prediction and are attributed to d-d orbital charge transfer in the Fe2+ ion. The results indicate that low-spin (Mg,Fe)O will exhibit lower radiative thermal conductivity than high-spin (Mg,Fe)O, which needs to be considered in future geodynamic models of convection and plume stabilization in the lower mantle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goncharov, Alexander F -- Struzhkin, Viktor V -- Jacobsen, Steven D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1205-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA. goncharov@gl.ciw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-01-21
    Description: The sequence and the structure of DNA methyltransferase-2 (Dnmt2) bear close affinities to authentic DNA cytosine methyltransferases. A combined genetic and biochemical approach revealed that human DNMT2 did not methylate DNA but instead methylated a small RNA; mass spectrometry showed that this RNA is aspartic acid transfer RNA (tRNA(Asp)) and that DNMT2 specifically methylated cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop. The function of DNMT2 is highly conserved, and human DNMT2 protein restored methylation in vitro to tRNA(Asp) from Dnmt2-deficient strains of mouse, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Drosophila melanogaster in a manner that was dependent on preexisting patterns of modified nucleosides. Indirect sequence recognition is also a feature of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases, which may have arisen from a Dnmt2-like RNA methyltransferase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goll, Mary Grace -- Kirpekar, Finn -- Maggert, Keith A -- Yoder, Jeffrey A -- Hsieh, Chih-Lin -- Zhang, Xiaoyu -- Golic, Kent G -- Jacobsen, Steven E -- Bestor, Timothy H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):395-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticodon ; Arabidopsis/genetics/physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Catalytic Domain ; Cytosine/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mutation ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; RNA, Plant/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Asp/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopic compositions are heterogeneous among comet 81P/Wild 2 particle fragments; however, extreme isotopic anomalies are rare, indicating that the comet is not a pristine aggregate of presolar materials. Nonterrestrial nitrogen and neon isotope ratios suggest that indigenous organic matter and highly volatile materials were successfully collected. Except for a single (17)O-enriched circumstellar stardust grain, silicate and oxide minerals have oxygen isotopic compositions consistent with solar system origin. One refractory grain is (16)O-enriched, like refractory inclusions in meteorites, suggesting that Wild 2 contains material formed at high temperature in the inner solar system and transported to the Kuiper belt before comet accretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKeegan, Kevin D -- Aleon, Jerome -- Bradley, John -- Brownlee, Donald -- Busemann, Henner -- Butterworth, Anna -- Chaussidon, Marc -- Fallon, Stewart -- Floss, Christine -- Gilmour, Jamie -- Gounelle, Matthieu -- Graham, Giles -- Guan, Yunbin -- Heck, Philipp R -- Hoppe, Peter -- Hutcheon, Ian D -- Huth, Joachim -- Ishii, Hope -- Ito, Motoo -- Jacobsen, Stein B -- Kearsley, Anton -- Leshin, Laurie A -- Liu, Ming-Chang -- Lyon, Ian -- Marhas, Kuljeet -- Marty, Bernard -- Matrajt, Graciela -- Meibom, Anders -- Messenger, Scott -- Mostefaoui, Smail -- Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy -- Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko -- Nittler, Larry -- Palma, Russ -- Pepin, Robert O -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Robert, Francois -- Schlutter, Dennis -- Snead, Christopher J -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Stroud, Rhonda -- Tsou, Peter -- Westphal, Andrew -- Young, Edward D -- Ziegler, Karen -- Zimmermann, Laurent -- Zinner, Ernst -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1724-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA. mckeegan@ess.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Isotopes/*analysis ; Deuterium/*analysis ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Isotopes/*analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Neon/analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes/*analysis ; Noble Gases/analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; Spacecraft
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: Epigenetic inheritance in mammals relies in part on robust propagation of DNA methylation patterns throughout development. We show that the protein UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 1), also known as NP95 in mouse and ICBP90 in human, is required for maintaining DNA methylation. UHRF1 colocalizes with the maintenance DNA methyltransferase protein DNMT1 throughout S phase. UHRF1 appears to tether DNMT1 to chromatin through its direct interaction with DNMT1. Furthermore UHRF1 contains a methyl DNA binding domain, the SRA (SET and RING associated) domain, that shows strong preferential binding to hemimethylated CG sites, the physiological substrate for DNMT1. These data suggest that UHRF1 may help recruit DNMT1 to hemimethylated DNA to facilitate faithful maintenance of DNA methylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bostick, Magnolia -- Kim, Jong Kyong -- Esteve, Pierre-Olivier -- Clark, Amander -- Pradhan, Sriharsa -- Jacobsen, Steven E -- GM060398/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1760-4. Epub 2007 Aug 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/*metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Mineral properties in Earth's lower mantle are affected by iron electronic states, but representative pressures and temperatures have not yet been probed. Spin states of iron in lower-mantle ferropericlase have been measured up to 95 gigapascals and 2000 kelvin with x-ray emission in a laser-heated diamond cell. A gradual spin transition of iron occurs over a pressure-temperature range extending from about 1000 kilometers in depth and 1900 kelvin to 2200 kilometers and 2300 kelvin in the lower mantle. Because low-spin ferropericlase exhibits higher density and faster sound velocities relative to the high-spin ferropericlase, the observed increase in low-spin (Mg,Fe)O at mid-lower mantle conditions would manifest seismically as a lower-mantle spin transition zone characterized by a steeper-than-normal density gradient.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Jung-Fu -- Vanko, Gyorgy -- Jacobsen, Steven D -- Iota, Valentin -- Struzhkin, Viktor V -- Prakapenka, Vitali B -- Kuznetsov, Alexei -- Yoo, Choong-Shik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1740-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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