ALBERT

Description: Over 30% of proteins are secreted across or integrated into membranes. Their newly synthesized forms contain either cleavable signal sequences or non-cleavable membrane anchor sequences, which direct them to the evolutionarily conserved Sec translocon (SecYEG in prokaryotes and Sec61, comprising alpha-, gamma- and beta-subunits, in eukaryotes). The translocon then functions as a protein-conducting channel. These processes of protein localization occur either at or after translation. In bacteria, the SecA ATPase drives post-translational translocation. The only high-resolution structure of a translocon available so far is that for SecYEbeta from the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii, which lacks SecA. Here we present the 3.2-A-resolution crystal structure of the SecYE translocon from a SecA-containing organism, Thermus thermophilus. The structure, solved as a complex with an anti-SecY Fab fragment, revealed a 'pre-open' state of SecYE, in which several transmembrane helices are shifted, as compared to the previous SecYEbeta structure, to create a hydrophobic crack open to the cytoplasm. Fab and SecA bind to a common site at the tip of the cytoplasmic domain of SecY. Molecular dynamics and disulphide mapping analyses suggest that the pre-open state might represent a SecYE conformational transition that is inducible by SecA binding. Moreover, we identified a SecA-SecYE interface that comprises SecA residues originally buried inside the protein, indicating that both the channel and the motor components of the Sec machinery undergo cooperative conformational changes on formation of the functional complex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2590585/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2590585/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsukazaki, Tomoya -- Mori, Hiroyuki -- Fukai, Shuya -- Ishitani, Ryuichiro -- Mori, Takaharu -- Dohmae, Naoshi -- Perederina, Anna -- Sugita, Yuji -- Vassylyev, Dmitry G -- Ito, Koreaki -- Nureki, Osamu -- R01 GM074252/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074252-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074840-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):988-91. doi: 10.1038/nature07421.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Equal amounts of matter and antimatter are predicted to have been produced in the Big Bang, but our observable Universe is clearly matter-dominated. One of the prerequisites for understanding this elimination of antimatter is the nonconservation of charge-parity (CP) symmetry. So far, two types of CP violation have been observed in the neutral K meson (K(0)) and B meson (B(0)) systems: CP violation involving the mixing between K(0) and its antiparticle (and likewise for B(0) and ), and direct CP violation in the decay of each meson. The observed effects for both types of CP violation are substantially larger for the B(0) meson system. However, they are still consistent with the standard model of particle physics, which has a unique source of CP violation that is known to be too small to account for the matter-dominated Universe. Here we report that the direct CP violation in charged B(+/-)--〉K(+/-)pi(0) decay is different from that in the neutral B(0) counterpart. The direct CP-violating decay rate asymmetry, (that is, the difference between the number of observed B(-)--〉K(-)pi(0) event versus B(+)--〉K(+) pi(0) events, normalized to the sum of these events) is measured to be about +7%, with an uncertainty that is reduced by a factor of 1.7 from a previous measurement. However, the asymmetry for versus B(0)--〉K(+)pi(-) is at the -10% level. Although it is susceptible to strong interaction effects that need further clarification, this large deviation in direct CP violation between charged and neutral B meson decays could be an indication of new sources of CP violation-which would help to explain the dominance of matter in the Universe.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belle Collaboration -- Lin, S-W -- Unno, Y -- Hou, W-S -- Chang, P -- Adachi, I -- Aihara, H -- Akai, K -- Arinstein, K -- Aulchenko, V -- Aushev, T -- Aziz, T -- Bakich, A M -- Balagura, V -- Barberio, E -- Bay, A -- Bedny, I -- Bitenc, U -- Bondar, A -- Bozek, A -- Bracko, M -- Browder, T E -- Chang, M-C -- Chao, Y -- Chen, A -- Chen, K-F -- Chen, W T -- Cheon, B G -- Chiang, C-C -- Chistov, R -- Cho, I-S -- Choi, S-K -- Choi, Y -- Choi, Y K -- Cole, S -- Dalseno, J -- Danilov, M -- Dash, M -- Drutskoy, A -- Eidelman, S -- Epifanov, D -- Fratina, S -- Fujikawa, M -- Furukawa, K -- Gabyshev, N -- Goldenzweig, P -- Golob, B -- Ha, H -- Haba, J -- Hara, T -- Hayasaka, K -- Hayashii, H -- Hazumi, M -- Heffernan, D -- Hokuue, T -- Hoshi, Y -- Hsiung, Y B -- Hyun, H J -- Iijima, T -- Ikado, K -- Inami, K -- Ishikawa, A -- Ishino, H -- Itoh, R -- Iwabuchi, M -- Iwasaki, M -- Iwasaki, Y -- Kah, D H -- Kaji, H -- Kataoka, S U -- Kawai, H -- Kawasaki, T -- Kibayashi, A -- Kichimi, H -- Kikutani, E -- Kim, H J -- Kim, S K -- Kim, Y J -- Kinoshita, K -- Korpar, S -- Kozakai, Y -- Krizan, P -- Krokovny, P -- Kumar, R -- Kuo, C C -- Kuzmin, A -- Kwon, Y-J -- Lee, M J -- Lee, S E -- Lesiak, T -- Li, J -- Liu, Y -- Liventsev, D -- Mandl, F -- Marlow, D -- McOnie, S -- Medvedeva, T -- Mimashi, T -- Mitaroff, W -- Miyabayashi, K -- Miyake, H -- Miyazaki, Y -- Mizuk, R -- Mori, T -- Nakamura, T T -- Nakano, E -- Nakao, M -- Nakazawa, H -- Nishida, S -- Nitoh, O -- Noguchi, S -- Nozaki, T -- Ogawa, S -- Ogawa, Y -- Ohshima, T -- Okuno, S -- Olsen, S L -- Ozaki, H -- Pakhlova, G -- Park, C W -- Park, H -- Peak, L S -- Pestotnik, R -- Peters, M -- Piilonen, L E -- Poluektov, A -- Sahoo, H -- Sakai, Y -- Schneider, O -- Schumann, J -- Schwartz, A J -- Seidl, R -- Senyo, K -- Sevior, M E -- Shapkin, M -- Shen, C P -- Shibuya, H -- Shidara, T -- Shinomiya, S -- Shiu, J-G -- Shwartz, B -- Singh, J B -- Sokolov, A -- Somov, A -- Stanic, S -- Staric, M -- Sumisawa, K -- Sumiyoshi, T -- Suzuki, S -- Tajima, O -- Takasaki, F -- Tamura, N -- Tanaka, M -- Tawada, M -- Taylor, G N -- Teramoto, Y -- Tikhomirov, I -- Trabelsi, K -- Uehara, S -- Ueno, K -- Uglov, T -- Uno, S -- Urquijo, P -- Ushiroda, Y -- Usov, Y -- Varner, G -- Varvell, K E -- Vervink, K -- Villa, S -- Wang, C C -- Wang, C H -- Wang, M-Z -- Watanabe, Y -- Wedd, R -- Wicht, J -- Won, E -- Yabsley, B D -- Yamaguchi, A -- Yamashita, Y -- Yamauchi, M -- Yoshida, M -- Yuan, C Z -- Yusa, Y -- Zhang, C C -- Zhang, Z P -- Zhilich, V -- Zhulanov, V -- Zupanc, A -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):332-5. doi: 10.1038/nature06827.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Dodd et al. (Reports, 14 December 2007, p. 1789) reported that the Arabidopsis circadian clock incorporates the signaling molecule cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR). In contrast, we found that there is no rhythm of cADPR levels nor are there any significant effects on the rhythm by cADPR overexpression, thus raising questions about the conclusions of Dodd et al.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2934760/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2934760/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Xiaodong -- Graeff, Richard -- Xie, Qiguang -- Gamble, Karen L -- Mori, Tetsuya -- Johnson, Carl Hirschie -- GM061568/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 GM086683/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 GM086683-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH043836/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):230; author reply 230. doi: 10.1126/science.1169503.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: SO2 flux is widely monitored on active volcanoes as it gives a window into the hidden, subsurface magma dynamics. We present here a new approach to SO2 flux monitoring using ultraviolet imaging of the volcanic plume through carefully chosen filters to produce images of SO2 column amount. The SO2 camera heralds a breakthrough in both our ability to measure SO2 flux at unprecedented frequencies (2 Hz) and at unprecedented accuracy, thanks to the application of correlation techniques to determine wind speed directly from the images and the ability to measure the whole profile simultaneously. In this paper we detail the commercially available pieces required to construct the SO2 camera, introduce a retrieval scheme to determine SO2 amounts from the images and present results from a field campaign in November 2005 on Sakurajima volcano, Japan.

Description: Published

Description: L24804

Description: reserved

Description: An infrared absorption spectroscopy remote sensing technique was used to determine the S02/HCl ratio in fumarolic plumes at Vulcano, Italy. The measurements were made from the southern crater rim of Fossa Grande Crater, about 400 m from the fumarolic area in the crater. Infrared absorption spectra of HCl and SO, were observed for four fumaroles a few tens of metres apart using the hot fumarolic surface as an infrared light source. The measured S02/HCl ratios in the FA, F47, FW and lower parti of the F21 fumaroles were 4.5-5.4, 3.5, 9.5-11.2 and 5.8 respectively. The S02/HCl ratio of the FA fumarole was higher than that of the gas collected directly in the fumarolic vent (S02/HCl ratio = 2.9), and was closer to the S~,,,,,,/HCl ratio (= 4.6) of the collected gas. Our results show that the SO,/HCl ratios of two fumaroles only a few tens of metres apart exhibits differences of about twofold. This suggests that this remote monitoring technique is capable of detecting spatial distribution in the S02/HCl ratios of volcanic plumes. Because temporal variations in S/Cl ratios can provide precursory signals for volcanic eruptions [l-31, this remote sensing technique can used efficiently for evaluation of volcanic activity.

Description: Published

Description: 219-224

Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive

Description: JCR Journal

Description: open