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  • Articles  (1,011)
  • Chemistry  (1,011)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • 2005-2009  (1)
  • 1965-1969  (603)
  • 1955-1959  (407)
  • Physics  (1,011)
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  • Articles  (1,011)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The acrylic esters of carnuba wax alcohols and the vinyl esters of nonhydroxy carnuba wax acids have been synthesized. The acrylic and vinyl esters have been homopolymerized and copolymerized with vinyl chloride. Acrylonitrile-acrylic ester copolymers also have been prepared. The copolymers were quite brittle when molding was attempted.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1579-1584 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a previous paper it was shown that the vulcanization obtained with ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer is equivalent or superior to that obtained with ethylene-propylene copolymer when a peroxide-dimethacrylate coagent cure system was used. In order to determine the effect of the unsaturation on the physical properties in the terpolymer, the terpolymer had been hydrogenated to remove the double bonds. Infrared spectra and bromination were used to check the extent of hydrogenation. Tensile strength, Shore A hardness, per cent elongation, and modulus indicated no decrease in vulcanization efficiency after hydrogenation. The data show that the unsaturation in the terpolymer does not contribute to the vulcanization cure with the peroxide-dimethacrylate coagent curing system.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 429-435 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyacrylonitrile sheet cast by a novel method described in Part I is clear, colorless, chemically resistant, brittle, and rather weak. It undergoes irreversible thermal changes above about 80°C., but if heated quickly, it can be oriented to give greater strength parallel to the direction of orientation. Some improvement in strength can be achieved by the use of fibrous fillers. Certain copolymers are stronger than the homopolymer but have lower softening temperatures.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1175-1189 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies have been made of the γ-induced emulsion polymerization of styrene and comparisons made with chemically initiated emulsion polymerization. The polymerization proceeded smoothly to high conversions at 0 and 60°C, the reaction showing a high G (monomer) value. Complete conversions were obtained with total doses of less than 0.05 Mrad. In accordance with the behavior expected of systems having a constant rate of initiation, the molecular weight was found to decrease with decreasing temperature. The molecular weight and particle size distributions were narrower than those obtained in chemically initiated emulsion polymerizations at the same temperature. The radiation-induced emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate proceeded smoothly at temperatures in the range 0-50°C to give polymers of much higher molecular weight than these obtained from chemically initiated polymerizations at the same temperature. Complete conversion was attained after a dose of 0.02 Mrad for latices approaching 50% solids. The elimination of ionic endgroups in the poly(vinyl acetate) radicals tends to drive the polymerization from the aqueous phase, resulting in faster rates and higher molecular weights than are obtained from chemically initiated systems. Rates of polymerization were found to be independent of temperature and the molecular weight of the polymer to be independent of dose rate. Latices of poly(vinyl acetate) of high solids content were evaluated for latex and film properties and found to have improvements over commercially available samples in both areas, especially in clarity of film and scrub resistance. A number of acrylate and maleate esters were copolymerized with vinyl acetate in a radiation-initiated emulsion system. High molecular weight copolymers were produced after low dose.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new photoredox catalyst is described wherein a phenothiazine dye in its excited state oxidizes a catalyst to a free radical. This free radical efficiently initiates the polymerization of metal acrylates giving rise to polymers which are insoluble in the monomer-containing medium. The polymers precipitate as insoluble colloidal particles. Optical transmission measurements are used to follow the polymerization and to calculate the number and size of the polymer particles. The effect of various factors such as the nature of the catalyst and the photooxidant, the pH and the temperature of the medium on photopolymerization are described. It is indicated that this new system may be useful for rapid photographic imaging and display applications.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolymerization of methyl alpha;--cyanoacrylate with five reference monomers gave values e = +2.1 and of log Q = 0.65, with much scatter in the latter value. Alternating copolymers are formed by copolymerization with monomers of e = -0.8 or less. Bulk copolymerization with such monomers could not be accomplished, as a rapid noncatalyzed polymerization occurred upon mixing even at 0°C. Random copolymers with methyl methacrylate could be prepared in bulk; those with ca. 10% methyl methacrylate had physical properties similar to the homopolymer of methyl α--cyanoacrylate, except that the heat distortion temperature was lowered 10-15°C. The alternating copolymers were more thermally stable than the random copolymers. Glass temperature values for alternating copolymers do not appear to agree with values predicted from equations for random copolymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal and oxidative degradation of poly(phenylene sulfide) and perfluoropoly(phenylene sulfide) have been studied by a weight-loss method. The products of breakdown in vacuum have also been analyzed. The poly(phenylene sulfide) is more thermally stable in inert and oxidizing atmospheres than the fully fluorinated analog. The breakdown products can be accounted for by chain scission and transfer reactions. The formation of a large proportion of residue implies that crosslinking reactions play an important part in the degradation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal degradation of meta- and para-linked perfluoropolyphenylenes in vacuo and in oxygen has been studied. Rates of breakdown were determined thermogravimetrically and products of breakdown in vacuum analyzed by using a mass spectrometer. The thermal stability in vacuo was comparable with that of polyphenylene, and that in oxygen was rather inferior to that of polytetrafluoroethylene. The higher molecular weight polymers gave as the main volatile degradation products silicon tetrafluoride and carbon dioxide, together with a carbonized residue containing virtually no fluorine.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 447-459 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscoelastic properties and thermal expansion properties of bisphenol A polycarbonate have been studied in the neighborhood of the major glass transition temperature. A discussion is given of the possible relation of these properties to the unusual impact resistance of this polymer in the glassy state.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 31 (1958), S. 15-24 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The synthesis of an ion exchanger selective for nickel and containing a vicinal dioxime group has been investigated. This problem has previously been studied by Kljačko who briefly reported the preparation of an ion exchange resin by introduction of dimethylglyoxime into a sulforesorcinol-type catex in the condensation stage. Repetition of his work showed that the resin thus obtained has some serious shortcomings. Thus, loss of dimethylglyoxime was observed both by elution and by destruction on reaction with formaldehyde, which leads to the disappearance of the complex-forming properties of the resin. The elution of dimethylglyoxime from the resin may be avoided by introducing the 1,2-dioxime grouping into a molecule which itself is capable of undergoing polymerization with formaldehyde, e.g., p, p′-dihydroxybenzildioxime; this does not, however, avoid the destructive effect of formaldehyde on the dioxime grouping. Another approach consists in suitably modifying a phenol-formaldehyde resin. Thus, good retention of nickel was realized with the o-(2,3-dioximinobutyl)derivative of a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. The disadvantage of this particular material is its low stability, especially at high pH values. More resistant resins could be obtained from a polystyrene resin by successive introduction of a propionyl group, nitrosation, and oximation. An investigation of the constitution of the polymeric material showed that the propionyl group is introduced into the p-position, whereas in monomeric styrene the propionyl group enters into the β-position of the side chain. The dioxime derivative of polystyrene has a capacity for nickel of 2 meq./g. The coloration of the polymer corresponded to that of a low molecular weight dioxime-nickel complex. The ion-exchanger prepared from linear polystyrene did not have suitable mechanical properties; subsequent studies were therefore carried out on a suspension styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (0:3; 1.0% DVB). Conditions for obtaining the desired amount of substitution were found. At present, the influence of the concentration of the primary substituent on the reactivity of the copolymer is being studied.
    Notes: Es wurde die Synthese eines gegenüber Nickel selektiven und 1,2-Dioximgruppe als aktive Gruppe enthältenden Ionenaustauschers untersucht. Dieses Problem wurde schon früher von Kljatschko studiert, der die Darstellung eines Kunstharzionenaus-tauschers durch die Einführung von Dimethylglyoxim in den Sulfo-Resorcin-Kationen austauscher im Stadium der Kondensation in kurzgefasster Form beschrieben hat. Bei der Anwendung seiner Methode wurde festgestellt, dass sie nicht zu positiven Resultaten führt. Dimethylglyoxim wird dabei aus dem Harze teilweise extrahiert, grösstenteils aber durch die Einwirkung von Formaldehyd zersetzt, und die komplexbildenden Eigenschaften eingebüsst werden. Die Elution von Dimethylglyoxim aus dem Harze kann durch die Einführung der 1,2-Dioximgruppe in das Molekül beseitigt werden, das mit Formaldehyd in Polykondensation treten kann z. B. p, p′-Dioxybenzildioxim; es wird dabei jedoch der destruktive Einfluss von Formaldehyd auf die Dioximgruppe nicht beseitigt. Eine andere Möglichkeit bietet eine geeignete Behandlung des Phenol-Formaldehydharzes. So eignet sich z.B. für eine Nickelaufnahme das o-2,3-Dioximinobutylderivat des Resorcin-Formaldehyd-Harzes. Es besitzt jedoch eine geringe Stabilität, besonders bei erhöhten pH-Werten. Harze mit erhöhter Beständigkeit wurden aus Polystyrol-Harz hergestellt durch die aufeinander folgenden: Propionylierung, Nitrosierung und Oximierung. Das Studium über die Struktur des polymären Materials zeigte, dass die Einführung der Propionylgruppe p-ständig verläuft, während in dem Styrolmonomeren die Propionylgruppe in die ω-Stellung an der Seitenkette eintritt. Das Dioximderivat Polystyrols besitzt für Nickel eine Austauschkapazität von 2 meter/g und das Verfärben des Polymeren bei der Sorption entspricht dem Verfärben der niedermolekularen Dioxim-Nickel-Komplexe. Die von linearen Polystyrol dargestellten Ionenaustauscher besassen nicht die erforderlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften; es wurden also Versuche ausgeführt mit einem Styrol-Divinylbenzol Suspensionskopolymeren (0,3; 1.0% DVB). Es wurden dabei Bedingungen für das Erreichen des erforderten Umsetzungsgrades gefunden. Gegenwärtig wird der Einfluss von der Konzentration des primären Substituents auf die Reaktionsfähigkeit des Mischpolymerisats untersucht.
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