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  • Chemistry  (5)
  • F14
  • Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
  • ddc:330
  • 2005-2009  (1)
  • 1970-1974  (4)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation des 2-Vinyl-1.3-dioxolans mit radikalischen, anionischen und kationischen Katalysatoren im Bereich von -80 bis +40°C wurde untersucht. Die Polymerisation mit radikalischen Initiatoren verläuft ausschließlich über die Vinyldoppelbindung. Mit Butyllithium trat nur Gasentwicklung ohne Polymerbildung ein. Die Polymerisation mit BF3·O(C2H5)2 ergab lineare oder vernetzte Polymere je nach Art des verwendeten Lösungsmittels und der Polymerisationstemperatur. Ansätze, bei denen lösliche Polymere entstehen, polymerisieren durch Vinyl-Vinyl-Addition (60-65%) und Ringöffnung (35 bis 40%); bei der Ringöffnung entstehen durch Hydrid-Verschiebung 3-10% Estergruppen, während der Rest eine normale Ringöffung des Dioxolans ist. Die Polymerisation in Aceton ergibt ein festes, lineares Polymeres mit einem Erweichungspunkt bei ca. 120°C.2-Methyl-2-vinyl-1.3-dioxolan wurde synthetisiert und mit anionischen, kationischen und radikalischen Katalysatoren polymerisiert. Die Polymerisation durch BF3·O(C2H5)2 verläuft viel langsamer als im Fall des oben erwähnten Dioxolans; alle in homogener Phase erhaltenen Polymeren sind löslich, unabhängig vom Lösungsmittel. Gleichzeitig wurde die Bildung von Estergruppen beobachtet. Diese Feststellung scheint auf eine Isomerisierung durch Verschiebung einer Methylgruppe hinzuweisen.Eine Erklärung der Ringöffnung bei diesem 2-substituierten Dioxolan wird gegeben.
    Notes: The polymerization of 2-vinyl-1.3-dioxolane was examined with radical, anionic and cationic catalysts in the range from -80 to +40°C. The polymerization with radical initiators occurs exclusively through the vinyl double bond. With butyl lithium, a gas evolution takes place without polymer formation. The polymerization with BF3·OEt2 gave linear or cross-linked polymers according to the type of solvent and polymerization temperature used. The runs giving soluble polymers are the result of vinyl-vinyl addition (60-65%) and ring opening (35-40%); when ring opening takes place, 3-10% ester groups are formed due to hydride shift, while the remainder is produced by normal opening of the dioxolane cycle. Polymerization in acetone gave solid, linear polymers with a softening point of about 120°C.2-Methyl-2-vinyl-1.3-dioxolane was synthesized and polymerized with radical, anionic and cationic catalysts. Unlike the dioxolane mentioned above the polymerization with BF3·OEt2 occurs at much slower rates, and all polymers obtained in homogeneous phase are soluble, independent of the solvent used. At the same time, the formation of ester groups has been observed. This fact seems to indicate the existence of an isomerization due to a shift of a methyl group.An explanation of the cleavage of the dioxolane ring in these derivatives with the substituent in position 2 is given.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of both nonhindered and sterically hindered methyl phenanthrene derivatives follow the patterns established for other alkyl aromatics. The ‘unimolecular’ thermochemistry of these systems parallels the mass spectral fragmentation in a qualitatively predictable way. Generally the major thermochemical products correspond to one of the five most intense fragment ions, and the importance of products which correspond to ions with high appearance potentials increases with increasing temperature of the thermolysis system. On the basis of this empiricism we have outlined a tentative procedure for anticipating the results of thermolysis experiments based on mass spectral data. The use of appearance potential differences to estimate steric strain energies in the compounds studied did not give satisfactory results.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The anthropogenic affectation was evaluated on the coast N of the Gulf of Batabanó in May 2003 (corresponding to the provinces of Matanzas and Havana), in areas located in the line of the coast. The results were compared with the historical information of the sector. In the coast N and the Ensenada of the Broa, the parameters oxygen saturation, DBO5 and DQO showed characteristic high values of eutrofication. The biggest contribution in the Cianoficies was in the near coastal areas to sources of organic contamination. In the case of the nutrients they show specific data of mesothrofic waters with tendency to the eutrofization and the silts presented a high affectation for toxic metals. The area near to Guanímar is distinguished to present conditions of organic contamination that favor heterothrofic conditions, corroborated by a prevalence of the processes of mineralization of the organic matter over primary production and lows values of fitoplankton concentration. On the contrary, in the region of Surgidero of Batabanó, the processes of synthesis of organic matter prevail suggested by a high primary production, and concentration of fitoplankton, with low breathing levels and mineralization of the organic matter, that indicates that the system is behaving autothrofically. In a general way, this sector is very affected by the anthropogenic impact. The information obtained is of great importance for the development of the fishing and tourist industries in the area.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Water quality ; Primary production ; Chemistry ; Environmental monitoring ; Phytoplankton ; Water quality ; Primary production ; Chemistry ; Environmental monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper
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