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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (66)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
  • 2005-2009  (13)
  • 1970-1974  (63)
  • 1965-1969  (48)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-property relations of polyimide filmsThis paper was presented at the 153rd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Miami Beach, Florida, April 1967. [Polymer Preprints, 8, No. 1, 656 (1967)]. (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 953-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of well-characterized polyamic acids from pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether of systematically varied molecular weight and known molecular weight distribution were chemically converted to polyimide films under regulated conditions. The films were essentially noncrystalline, of moderate orientation, and soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid. The mechanical properties of the films varied sigmoidally with the solution properties of the precursor. Molecular weights were derived for the onset of mechanical strength and limiting property values are given. The relations between film properties and molecular structural parameters suggest that cyclization probably occurs here with little contribution from crosslinking, degradation, or other side reactions which would appreciably alter molecular weight and molecular weight distribution.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060514
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic poly(amic acids): Fundamental structural studiesPaper presented at the 149th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. Detroit, Michigan, April 1965.1 (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 653-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Aromatic poly(amic acids) derived from pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4′,-diaminodiphenyl ether were characterized by dilute solution techniques. Number-average molecular weights M̄n of 13 samples ranged from 13,000 to 55,000 (DP 31-131). Weight-average molecular weights M̄w of 21 samples ranged from 9,900 to 266,000. The ratio M̄w/M̄n was between 2.2 and 4.8. Heterogeneous polymerization yielded higher molecular weight polymer than homogeneous polymerization. The molecular weight could be varied systematically by control of stoichiometric imbalance. Use of very pure monomers and solvent gave polymers of relatively high number-average molecular weight (∼50, 000) and the most probable molecular weight distribution M̄w/M̄n = 2. Impure monomers and/or solvent resulted in lower number-average molecular weight (M̄n ≅ 20,000-30,000) and wider distributions (M̄w/M̄n = 3-5). The Mark-Houwink relation obtained was [η] = 1.85 × 10-4M̄w0.80 The exponent is characteristic of moderately extended solvated coils. The unperturbed chain dimensions (r02/M)1/2 were 0.848 A., and the steric factor σ was 1.24 which is close to the limiting value of unity for an equivalent chain with free internal rotations. The sedimentation constant-molecular weight relation was S0 = 2.70 × 10-2M̄w0.39. This exponent is consistent with the Mark-Houwink exponent.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent polarization in polymers. II. Depolarization currentsPresented in part before the 13th Canadian High Polymer Forum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 22-24, 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 697-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Depolarization currents were used to study the persistent polarization induced in polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) by cooling with flow under pressure. These studies showed that the charge on electrets made by flow under pressure consists in part of a surface charge which leaks off rapidly in moist air and in part of a charge due to volume polarization which decays more slowly. The volume polymerization produced in poly(methyl methacrylate) by flow under pressure is of the same order as that produced by cooling under a voltage drop, but flow under pressure produces a larger surface charge.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040503
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent polarization in polymers. I. Relationship between the structure of polymers and their ability to become electrically polarizedPresented in part before the 13th Canadian High Polymer Forum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 22-24, 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 685-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The ability of various polymers to acquire persistent polarization (i.e., to become electrets) was investigated. Polarization was induced in the polymers by two methods: (a) by cooling under a voltage drop and (b) by cooling with flow under pressure. There was found to be an optimum temperature for electret formation by either method. This optimum temperature was roughly 37°C. above Tg when polarization was produced by application of a voltage drop and roughly 57°C. when polarization was produced by flow under pressure. Crystallinity and the nonhomogeneities present in blended polymers were harmful to electret formation, but a small critical amount of ionic impurity was helpful.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040502
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamic acid solution viscosityThis paper was presented at the 156th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 1968. (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 1435-1438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160070812
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in hard rubber reaction. Part III. Effect of metallic oxides and metallic oxide-accelerator combinations (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1731-1742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study of thermal effects accompanying exothermic hard rubber reaction with the help of differential thermal analysis has been extended to 68/32 rubber-sulfur compounds containing different metallic oxides and metallic oxide-accelerator combinations. Metallic oxides do not affect the heat of reaction appreciably; however, they affect the slope value, litharge showing an unusually low value. In combination with accelerator, metallic oxides exert specific effects on heat of reaction, initiation temperature, and slope value. Attempts have been made to explain these findings on the basis of the known behavior of the individual oxides and the accelerators.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090510
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in hard rubber reaction. Part IV. Effect of fillers (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2285-2296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of the different fillers i.e., china clay, light magnesium carbonate, Pliolite S6E, and ebonite dust, on the exothermic hard rubber reaction has been studied with the help of differential thermal analysis. The data for heat evolution show some unexpected features in that china clay, a more or less inert filler, lowers heat evolution. The behavior of magnesium carbonate also can not be fully explained. Attempts have been made to explain the data for Pliolite S6E and ebonite dust on the basis of their composition and effects of the individual components on heat of reaction. The differences in initiation temperature and slope values have been explained.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090620
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditioning polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces for use in vascular prosthesesPresented in part at the 157th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 13-18, 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 257-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces have been treated to reduce thrombogenicity in order to make them suitable for use in prosthetic devices that come in contact with blood. This was done by first etching the surface with potassium in liquid ammonia to produce double bonds and then using these double bonds as sites for grafting on polyacids or as sites for chemical reactions. Tubes so treated were tested for thrombo-genetic activity by implantation in the thoracic aorta or inferior vena cava of dogs. These tests showed that the thrombogenicity of a polytetrafluoroethylene surface can be reduced by attaching negatively charged groups provided the surface concentration of these groups is not too high (order of 1-2 × 10-6 equivalent per cm2 geometric area) and provided the distribution of these groups is uniform. Sulfonic acid groups obtained by chlorosulfonation and carboxyl groups attached by grafting tert-butyl crotonate and hydrolyzing to crotonic acid were effective. Long chains of poly(acrylic acid), poly-(ethylenesulfonic acid), and poly(vinyl alcohol) sulfate were less effective.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070140201
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture behavior in nylon 6 fibers (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1415-1445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A reaction rate model of fracture in polymer fibers is described. This model assumes that bond rupture is governed by absolute reaction rate theory with a stress-aided activation energy. It is demonstrated that the key in obtaining good agreement between the model and experiment lies in taking proper account of the variation of stress on the tie-chain molecules. The more taut chains rupture first, and the load is redistributed among the remaining unruptured tie chains. The effect of varying the temperature both in the model and in experiments on fracture in fibers is explored. Good agreement between predictions of the model and experiment is possible only with an undeterstanding of the distribution in stress on the tie chains. The distribution in stress on the chains was experimentally determined by monitoring the kinetics of bond rupture with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Temperature is found to have two effects on macroscopic strength. (1) The thermal energy aids the atomic stress in breaking the atomic bonds; as a consequence the rate of bond rupture of a family of bonds under a given molecular stress is increased. In this respect temperature might be viewed as decreasing the “strength” of a bond. (2) Temperature also serves to “loosen” the molecular structure and in this way modify the distribution in stress on the tie chains. To explain bond rupture and macroscopic fracture behavior quantitatively, account must be taken of both effects.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100802
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EPR studies of mechanically induced bond rupture in elastomersPaper presented at the Symposium on Mechano-Chemistry of Polymers, American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, D. C., September 16, 1971. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 599-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to compute the surface bond rupture density in polyurethane and to determine the phase experiencing fracture in styrene-butadiene block copolymers when these elastomers are subjected to mechanical degradation by grinding. The polyurethane grinding was done at temperatures above and below the glass transition Tg; 0.155 × 1013 radicals/cm2 of fracture surface area were formed above the Tg and 4.42 × 1013 radicals/cm2 for grinding below the Tg. These values are essentially equal to those found earlier for spherulitic polymers. In all cases the fracture appears able to progress along preferential paths so as to rupture significantly fewer molecular chains than one would expect on the basis of calculations of the number of chains passing through each square centimeter of cross section. Comparison of EPR spectra formed by grinding styrene-butadiene copolymer with those of styrene and butadiene above indicated that at cryogenic temperature, the fracture in the copolymer takes place in the butadiene phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100403
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