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  • 1
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    Live birth in the Devonian period (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-30
    Description: The extinct placoderm fishes were the dominant group of vertebrates throughout the Middle Palaeozoic era, yet controversy about their relationships within the gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) is partly due to different interpretations of their reproductive biology. Here we document the oldest record of a live-bearing vertebrate in a new ptyctodontid placoderm, Materpiscis attenboroughi gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Devonian Gogo Formation of Australia (approximately 380 million years ago). The new specimen, remarkably preserved in three dimensions, contains a single, intra-uterine embryo connected by a permineralized umbilical cord. An amorphous crystalline mass near the umbilical cord possibly represents the recrystallized yolk sac. Another ptyctodont from the Gogo Formation, Austroptyctodus gardineri, also shows three small embryos inside it in the same position. Ptyctodontids have already provided the oldest definite evidence for vertebrate copulation, and the new specimens confirm that some placoderms had a remarkably advanced reproductive biology, comparable to that of some modern sharks and rays. The new discovery points to internal fertilization and viviparity in vertebrates as originating earliest within placoderms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, John A -- Trinajstic, Kate -- Young, Gavin C -- Senden, Tim -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 29;453(7195):650-2. doi: 10.1038/nature06966.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum Victoria, Melbourne, PO Box 666, Melbourne 3001, Australia. jlong@museum.vic.gov.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18509443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Fishes/classification/*embryology/*physiology ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Viviparity, Nonmammalian/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Devonian arthrodire embryos and the origin of internal fertilization in vertebrates (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-27
    Description: Evidence of reproductive biology is extremely rare in the fossil record. Recently the first known embryos were discovered within the Placodermi, an extinct class of armoured fish, indicating a viviparous mode of reproduction in a vertebrate group outside the crown-group Gnathostomata (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes). These embryos were found in ptyctodontids, a small group of placoderms phylogenetically basal to the largest group, the Arthrodira. Here we report the discovery of embryos in the Arthrodira inside specimens of Incisoscutum ritchiei from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia (approximately 380 million years ago), providing the first evidence, to our knowledge, for reproduction using internal fertilization in this diverse group. We show that Incisoscutum and some phyllolepid arthrodires possessed pelvic girdles with long basipterygia that articulated distally with an additional cartilaginous element or series, as in chondrichthyans, indicating that the pelvic fin was used in copulation. As homology between similar pelvic girdle skeletal structures in ptyctodontids, arthrodires and chondrichthyans is difficult to reconcile in the light of current phylogenies of lower gnathostomes, we explain these similarities as being most likely due to convergence (homoplasy). These new finds confirm that reproduction by internal fertilization and viviparity was much more widespread in the earliest gnathostomes than had been previously appreciated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, John A -- Trinajstic, Kate -- Johanson, Zerina -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1124-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07732.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum Victoria, PO Box 666, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia. jlong@museum.vic.gov.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Fertilization/*physiology ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/classification/*embryology/*physiology ; *Fossils ; Pelvis/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny ; Sharks/anatomy & histology/classification/embryology ; Viviparity, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Western Australia
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    TOPLESS regulates apical embryonic fate in Arabidopsis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: The embryos of seed plants develop with an apical shoot pole and a basal root pole. In Arabidopsis, the topless-1 (tpl-1) mutation transforms the shoot pole into a second root pole. Here, we show that TPL resembles known transcriptional corepressors and that tpl-1 acts as a dominant negative mutation for multiple TPL-related proteins. Mutations in the putative coactivator HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE GNAT SUPERFAMILY1 suppress the tpl-1 phenotype. Mutations in HISTONE DEACETYLASE19, a putative corepressor, increase the penetrance of tpl-1 and display similar apical defects. These data point to a transcriptional repression mechanism that prevents root formation in the shoot pole during Arabidopsis embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, Jeff A -- Ohno, Carolyn -- Smith, Zachery R -- Meyerowitz, Elliot M -- GM072764/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM45697/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072764/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1520-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. long@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*embryology/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Polarity ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Plant ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Histone Deacetylases/genetics/physiology ; Mutation ; Plant Roots/embryology ; Plant Shoots/embryology ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Seeds
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    TOPLESS mediates auxin-dependent transcriptional repression during Arabidopsis embryogenesis (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-09
    Description: The transcriptional response to auxin is critical for root and vascular development during Arabidopsis embryogenesis. Auxin induces the degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) transcriptional repressors, freeing their binding partners, the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) proteins, which can activate transcription of auxin response genes. We show that TOPLESS (TPL) can physically interact with IAA12/BODENLOS (IAA12/BDL) through an ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF)-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif. TPL can repress transcription in vivo and is required for IAA12/BDL repressive activity. In addition, tpl-1 can suppress the patterning defects of the bdl-1 mutant. Direct interaction between TPL and ARF5/MONOPTEROS, which is regulated by IAA12/BDL, results in a loss-of-function arf5/mp phenotype. These observations show that TPL is a transcriptional co-repressor and further our understanding of how auxin regulates transcription during plant development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szemenyei, Heidi -- Hannon, Mike -- Long, Jeff A -- GM072764/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072764/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1384-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1151461. Epub 2008 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Arabidopsis/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Seedlings/embryology/metabolism ; Seeds/embryology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Registration of Seville st. Augustinegrass 1 (Reg. No. 66) (1980)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Electrical characterization of Fe‐doped semi‐insulating InP grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1984)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-15
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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