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  • 550 - Earth sciences  (6)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (4)
  • Aged  (1)
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular dynamics of conjugation in the ciliate euplotes aediculatus. I. Cytoskeletal elements (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 192 (1987), S. 27-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fate and possible roles of the cytoskeleton in the process of conjugation in the hyptrich ciliate Euplotes aediculatus were investigated. Following the coalescence of the plasma membranes of the conjugant cells, a fusion zone or bridge of cytoplasm contributed by both partners is constructed. The sub-alveolar microtubule layers of the vegetative cell cortex remain in place to define the fusion zone boundaries after cell union. The initial fusion zone consists primarily of featureless ground cytoplasm; soon the ground plasm becomes crowded with microtubules and anastomosing smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which become displaced only late in conjugation as the migratory pronuclei are exchanged between partners. Fusion zone microtubules, functioning in some undetermined way, may be involved in the nuclear migration. Resorption of the posterior portion of each partner's buccal apparatus results in the degradation of the component cilia within acid phosphatase-positive autophagic bodies. Silver staining for light microscopy shows that the late fusion zone contracts forward from the posterior border, then constricts to separate the conjugants. In some separating pairs remnants of a microfilamentous assembly are seen at the posterior edge of the fusion zone; the full extent of this system may be masked by partial degradation due to osmium tetroxide fixation. Treatment of conjugants for 6 hours with cytochalasin B prevents separation, possibly through inhibition of the actin-like microfilament assembly in the fusion zone. The observations and experiments favor a model of cell separation following conjugation in which the fusion zone is resorbed by motile or contractile processes occurring within or around the fusion bridge itself.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051920104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular dynamics of conjugation in the ciliate euplotes aediculatus. II. Cellular membranes (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 192 (1987), S. 43-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The formation and subsequent dissolution of a common bridge of cytoplasm between conjugating ciliated protozoan cells provides an excellent opportunity to follow the dynamics of the cellular membrane systems involved in this process. In particular, separation of conjugant partners offers the chance to observe, at a fixed site on the cell surface, how the ciliate surface complex of plasma and alveolar membranes (collectively termed the “pellicle”) is constructed. Consequently, cortical and cellular membranes of Euplotes aediculatus were studied by light and electron microscopy through the conjugation sequence. A conjugant fusion zone of shared cytoplasm elaborates between the partner cells within their respective oral fields (peristomes) to include microtubules, cytosol, and a concentrated endoplasmic reticulum (heavily stained by osmium impregnation techniques) that may also be continuous with cortical ER of each cell. Cortical membranes displacd by fusion are autolyzed in acid phosphatase-positive lysosomes in the fusion zone. As conjugants separate, expansion of the plasma membrane may occur through the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane, presumably at bare membrane, presumably at bare membrane patches near the fusion zone. The underlying cortical alveolar membranes and their plate-like contents are reconstructed beneath the plasma membrane, apparently by multiple fusions of dense-cored alveolar precursor vesicles (APVs). These precursor vesicles themselves appear to condense directly from the smooth ER present in the fusion zone. No Golgi apparatus was visible in the fusion zone cytoplasm, and no step of APV maturation that might involve the Golgi complex was noted.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051920105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platelet-derived growth factor stimulates rapid polyphosphoinositide breakdown in fetal human fibroblasts (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 391-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The addition of human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to confluent, quiescent cultures of human diploid fibroblasts induced the rapid breakdown of cellular polyphosphoinositides. The levels of 32P-labeled phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) decreased by 30 to 40% within 1 min after exposure of the cells to PDGF. The levels of PIP and PIP2 returned to their initial values within 3 and 10 min, respectively, after PDGF addition. The level of PI continued to increase after it had returned to control values and was up threefold within 30 min after PDGF addition. In cells prelabeled with myo-[3H]inositol PDGF caused an eightfold increase in the levels of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) within 2 min. Lesser increases, twofold and 1.3-fold, respectively, were seen in levels of inositol bisphosphate (IP2) and inositol monophosphate (IP). Within 10 min after PDGF addition the levels of all three inositol phosphates had decreased to control values. The levels of IP3 measured 2 min after PDGF addition depended on the PDGF concentration and were maximal at 5-10 ng/ml of PDGF. Similar concentrations of PDGF stimulate maximal cell growth and DNA synthesis in these cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240306
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gypsy retrotransposon of Drosophila melanogaster: Mechanisms of mutagenesis and interaction with the suppressor of Hairy-wing locus (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 10 (1989), S. 239-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Transposable element ; Transcription factor ; Suppression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have used the yellow gene of Drosophila melanogaster as a model system in which to study the molecular mechanisms by which the gypsy retrotransposon causes mutant phenotypes that can be reversed by nonalleiic mutations at the suppressor of Hairy-wing locus. This gene encodes a 109,000 dalton protein that contains an acidic domain and 12 copies of the Zn finger motif, which are characteristic of some transcription factors and DNA binding proteins. The suppressible y2 allele is caused by the insertion of the gypsy element at -700 bp from the start of transcription of the Yellow gene, resulting in a phenotype characterized by mouth parts and denticle belts in the larvae, and by bristles in the adults, that show wildtype coloration, but mutant wings and body cuticle in the adult flies. This phenotype is the result of the interaction of gypsy sequences homologous to mammalian enhancers with tissue-specific yellow transcriptional regulatory elements located upstream from the gypsy insertion site and responsible for the expression of the yellow gene in the mutated tissues. This interaction is dependent on the binding of the su(Hw) protein to the specific gypsy sequences involved in the induction of the mutant phenotype.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020100313
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  • 5
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    Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Alcohol dependence is a major public health challenge in need of new treatments. As alcoholism evolves, stress systems in the brain play an increasing role in motivating continued alcohol use and relapse. We investigated the role of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), a mediator of behavioral stress responses, in alcohol dependence and treatment. In preclinical studies, mice genetically deficient in NK1R showed a marked decrease in voluntary alcohol consumption and had an increased sensitivity to the sedative effects of alcohol. In a randomized controlled experimental study, we treated recently detoxified alcoholic inpatients with an NK1R antagonist (LY686017; n = 25) or placebo (n = 25). LY686017 suppressed spontaneous alcohol cravings, improved overall well-being, blunted cravings induced by a challenge procedure, and attenuated concomitant cortisol responses. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to affective stimuli likewise suggested beneficial LY686017 effects. Thus, as assessed by these surrogate markers of efficacy, NK1R antagonism warrants further investigation as a treatment in alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, David T -- Gilman, Jodi -- Hersh, Jacqueline -- Thorsell, Annika -- Herion, David -- Geyer, Christopher -- Peng, Xiaomei -- Kielbasa, William -- Rawlings, Robert -- Brandt, John E -- Gehlert, Donald R -- Tauscher, Johannes T -- Hunt, Stephen P -- Hommer, Daniel -- Heilig, Markus -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 14;319(5869):1536-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1153813. Epub 2008 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Alcohol Drinking/drug therapy ; Alcoholism/*drug therapy ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/drug therapy ; Brain/drug effects/physiology ; Emotions/drug effects ; Ethanol/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; *Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Pyridines/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; Triazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    The dynamic hydrochemical environment of Lake Tiberias, Israel (2005)
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Suppl. ; 69, 10, Supplement 1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 7
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    Chemical evolution of saline waters in the Jordan-Dead Sea transform and in adjoining areas (2007)
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 8
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    Sources of mineralization and salinization of thermal groundwater of Jordan (2006)
    In:  Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: According to spider patterns five different types of thermal groundwater are distinguishable in Jordan. Each spider diagram comprises groups of elements which characterise soluble minerals of the aquifer such as halite, calcite, and gypsum, and leachable fractions of trace elements such as B, Ba, Br, Y, Cs, Rb, and U. In Jordan, mineralization of groundwater is largely controlled by dissolution of halite, carbonates, gypsum, and leaching diverse K-bearing minerals. Caused by interaction with Neogene basalts, limestones are silicified and mineralogically altered. Groundwater from these aquifers significantly differs in composition from those of the unaltered limestone aquifers. The benefit of spider patterns is that they visualise (i) chemical differences in groundwater from essentially similar aquifer rock such as young, old or thermally altered limestones and (ii) chemical similarities of groundwater produced from different geological formations. In contrast to spider patterns, ionic ratios widely overlap and do not unequivocally allow grouping of groundwater. 34S(sulfate) varies between -4 and +29 . Low values prove the presence of oxidised sulfides either of igneous origin or from sedimentary rocks. The spread of 34S is caused by mixing with marine sulfate. All analysed water from Paleozoic rocks is replenished from younger aquifers. Considerable transaquifer flow exists more or less all over the Jordan territory. Salinization of sandstone-bound water along the rift escarpment is caused by a Na+-K+-SO42--HCO3- brine, whereas the wells Al Umari 1 and Wadi Araba 5 are affected by the presence of a Ca2+-Cl- brine.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 9
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    Characterization of the sources of thermal spring- and well water in Jordan by rare earth element and yttrium distribution and stable isotopes of H2O (2006)
    In:  Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Four types of thermal groundwater in Jordan were distinguished by Y and rare earth elements (REY) distribution patterns. Complementary to the stratigraphic origin of water in springs or of wells, REY patterns identify either recharge areas covered by basalt, limestones or sandstone, or interaction with basalt-limestone contact zones. This hydrochemical grouping does not always correspond with “common geological knowledge” of the aquifer lithology of the thermal water. Therefore, comparison of the hydrochemical signatures of REY patterns and the lithological source of water yield insight into transaquifer flow. Out of 44 analysed groundwater, 18 indicated down- and 3 upflow of water the latter due to step faults near the Rift system. During transaquifer flow REY patterns of groundwater from basalts and gypsum beds or gypsum-cemented sandstones are not changed by subsequent interaction with limestones, whereas in groundwater originating from dissolution of chalk and limestones REY patterns are adjusted to those typical for gypsum-bearing sediments. Cross plots of d18O vs. d2H reveal essentially two trends. The main trend of water from limestone aquifers define a mixing line of past to recent meteoric water with negligible contributions of Pleistocene water. Some water from Eocene aquifers plot on the local Mediterranean meteoric water line, others plot together with water from sandstone aquifers at enhanced d18O values due to hydrothermal overprinting.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 10
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    Hydrochemical processes in the lower Jordan valley and in the Dead Sea area (2007)
    In:  Chemical Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Changes in the concentrations of major, some minor and trace elements occurring in both surface and groundwater of the lower Jordan River–Dead Sea drainage basin have been investigated in order to identify the characteristics of the regional aquifers and their recharge areas. Spider patterns of elements and rare earth distribution patterns pinpoint the characteristic chemical features of groundwater. As compared to seawater, the high Br/Cl ratios in groundwater are caused either by high Br/Cl ratios in precipitation, by leaching of Br from bituminous matter or by mixing with brines beyond the epsomite stage. The locations of groundwater samples with enhanced B contents coincide with the distribution of gypsum in the beds of the Lisan Formation, which produces water with nearly constant B/SO42− molar ratios. Aeolian distribution of the unconsolidated Lisan sediments influences the B/SO4 ratio in the area of Lake Tiberias and in the Jordan Highlands. The high Gd anomaly in the Dead Sea water is of geologic origin whereas that in the Jordan River and in Nahal (stream) Qidron is largely anthropogenic. The anthropogenic Gd input to the Dead Sea is insignificant compared to the actual amount in the water of the Dead Sea. Hot saline water encountered along the western shores of the Dead Sea with high Gd anomalies indicate that they contain large amounts of ancient Dead Sea water that mix (as hot ascending brines) with fresh water. The recharge area of groundwater in the lower Jordan Valley extends largely over limestone and dolomite outcrops of the Upper Cretaceous Judea Group. Weathering of locally underlying Lower Cretaceous volcanics in the area of Pezael–Beqaot, and Argaman yield groundwater with δ34S(SO42−) values ranging from − 2 to + 4‰. The presence of sulphide-bearing bodies in this area is attested to magnetic anomalies detected at depths of several kilometres. δ34S(SO42−) indicates very deep groundwater circulation. High δ34S(SO42−) 〉 15‰ is typical for marine sulphates from the Judea and Avedat Group limestone. The springs located along the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea discharge water replenished on the eastern Judea Mountains. The increase in the salinity of this water is due to brines flushed from sediments and from adjacent sedimentary rocks, which host entrapped brines from the precursors of the Dead Sea formed during the late stages of Lake Lisan. Fresher water flushes out these residual brines as a result of falling sea level. Salinity increase in groundwater is also affected by the ascent of deep-seated hot brines from pre-Sedom periods along the Rift faults. Calculations of mixing between fresh and highly saline end-members show that leaching of anhydrite from sediments, precipitation of calcite, formation of dolomite, albitization of plagioclase and ion exchange with abundant clay minerals control the major-element composition of the saline groundwater.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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