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  • Mutation  (3)
  • AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER  (2)
  • 2005-2009  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: Oxygen deprivation is rapidly deleterious for most organisms. However, Caenorhabditis elegans has developed the ability to survive anoxia for at least 48 hours. Mutations in the DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin-like signaling pathway promote such survival. We describe a pathway involving the HYL-2 ceramide synthase that acts independently of DAF-2. Loss of the ceramide synthase gene hyl-2 results in increased sensitivity of C. elegans to anoxia. C. elegans has two ceramide synthases, hyl-1 and hyl-2, that participate in ceramide biogenesis and affect its ability to survive anoxic conditions. In contrast to hyl-2(lf) mutants, hyl-1(lf) mutants are more resistant to anoxia than normal animals. HYL-1 and HYL-2 have complementary specificities for fatty acyl chains. These data indicate that specific ceramides produced by HYL-2 confer resistance to anoxia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Menuz, Vincent -- Howell, Kate S -- Gentina, Sebastien -- Epstein, Sharon -- Riezman, Isabelle -- Fornallaz-Mulhauser, Monique -- Hengartner, Michael O -- Gomez, Marie -- Riezman, Howard -- Martinou, Jean-Claude -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):381-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1168532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Hypoxia ; Ceramides/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Helminth ; Mutation ; Oxidoreductases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*physiology ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Sphingomyelins/biosynthesis/physiology ; Substrate Specificity ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuspa, Stuart H -- Epstein, Ervin H Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1727-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sy12j@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Collagen Type VII/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica/complications/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/*metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Skin Neoplasms/etiology/genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in 2002 to 2003 in southern China. The origin of its etiological agent, the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), remains elusive. Here we report that species of bats are a natural host of coronaviruses closely related to those responsible for the SARS outbreak. These viruses, termed SARS-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs), display greater genetic variation than SARS-CoV isolated from humans or from civets. The human and civet isolates of SARS-CoV nestle phylogenetically within the spectrum of SL-CoVs, indicating that the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak was a member of this coronavirus group.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Wendong -- Shi, Zhengli -- Yu, Meng -- Ren, Wuze -- Smith, Craig -- Epstein, Jonathan H -- Wang, Hanzhong -- Crameri, Gary -- Hu, Zhihong -- Zhang, Huajun -- Zhang, Jianhong -- McEachern, Jennifer -- Field, Hume -- Daszak, Peter -- Eaton, Bryan T -- Zhang, Shuyi -- Wang, Lin-Fa -- R01-TW05869/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):676-9. Epub 2005 Sep 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; China/epidemiology ; Chiroptera/*virology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; *Coronavirus/classification ; Disease Outbreaks ; *Disease Reservoirs ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral ; Henipavirus/classification ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *SARS Virus/classification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; Vero Cells ; Viverridae/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The wakes of highly loaded axial compressor blades were often considered to be turbulent, unstructured flows. Recent work has suggested that the blade wakes are in fact dominated by a vortex street-like structure. The work on the wake structure at MIT is reviewed, the results of a viscous numerical simulation are presented, the blade wake vortices are compared to those shed from a cylinder, and the implications of the wake structure on compressor performance are discussed. In particular, a two-dimensional, time accurate, viscous calculation shows both a periodic wake structure and time variations in the passage shock strength. The numerical calculations are compared to laser anemometer and high frequency response probe data. The effect of the wake structure on the entropy production and apparent adiabatic efficiency of the compressor rotor is discussed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AGARD Transonic and Supersonic Phenomena in Turbomachines; 13 p
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: High-frequency response probes which had previously been used exclusively in the MIT Blowndown Facility were successfully employed in two conventional steady state axial flow compressor facilities to investigate the unsteady flowfields of highly loaded transonic compressors at design point operation. Laser anemometry measurements taken simultaneously with the high response data were also analyzed. The time averaged high response data of static and total pressure agreed quite well with the conventional steady state instrumentation except for flow angle which showed a large spread in values at all radii regardless of the type of instrumentation used. In addition, the time resolved measurements confirmed earlier test results obtained in the MIT Blowdown Facility for the same compressor. The results of these tests have further revealed that the flowfields of highly loaded transonic compressors are heavily influenced by unsteady flow phenomena. The high response measurements exhibited large variations in the blade to blade flow and in the blade passage flow. The observed unsteadiness in the blade wakes is explained in terms of the rotor blades' shed vorticity in periodic vortex streets. The wakes were modeled as two-dimensional vortex streets with finite size cores. The model fit the data quite well as it was able to reproduce the average wake shape and bi-modal probability density distributions seen in the laser anemometry data. The presence of vortex streets in the blade wakes also explains the large blade to blade fluctuations seen by the high response probes which is simply due to the intermittent sampling of the vortex street as it is swept past a stationary probe.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-176879 , NAS 1.26:176879
    Format: application/pdf
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