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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: CD4 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is thought to interact with nonpolymorphic determinants of class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. CD4 is also the receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), binding with high affinity to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120. Homolog-scanning mutagenesis was used to identify CD4 regions that are important in class II MHC binding and to determine whether the gp120 and class II MHC binding sites of CD4 are related. Class II MHC binding was abolished by mutations in each of the first three immunoglobulin-like domains of CD4. The gp120 binding could be abolished without affecting class II MHC binding and vice versa, although at least one mutation examined reduced both functions significantly. These findings indicate that, while there may be overlap between the gp120 and class II MHC binding sites of CD4, these sites are distinct and can be separated. Thus it should be possible to design CD4 analogs that can block HIV infectivity but intrinsically lack the ability to affect the normal immune response by binding to class II MHC molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamarre, D -- Ashkenazi, A -- Fleury, S -- Smith, D H -- Sekaly, R P -- Capon, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):743-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Recombinant ; HIV/*metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; HLA-DP Antigens/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Receptors, HIV ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Rosette Formation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyons, K B -- Fleury, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):767.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17791716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: The clock proteins PERIOD1 (PER1) and PERIOD2 (PER2) play essential roles in a negative transcriptional feedback loop that generates circadian rhythms in mammalian cells. We identified two PER1-associated factors, NONO and WDR5, that modulate PER activity. The reduction of NONO expression by RNA interference (RNAi) attenuated circadian rhythms in mammalian cells, and fruit flies carrying a hypomorphic allele were nearly arrhythmic. WDR5, a subunit of histone methyltransferase complexes, augmented PER-mediated transcriptional repression, and its reduction by RNAi diminished circadian histone methylations at the promoter of a clock gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Steven A -- Ripperger, Juergen -- Kadener, Sebastian -- Fleury-Olela, Fabienne -- Vilbois, Francis -- Rosbash, Michael -- Schibler, Ueli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):693-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR) Frontiers in Genetics, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland. steven.brown@molbio.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; *Circadian Rhythm ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/metabolism ; Immunoprecipitation ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1 ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2005-07-09
    Description: X-ray binaries are composed of a normal star in orbit around a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole. Radio and x-ray observations have led to the presumption that some x-ray binaries called microquasars behave as scaled-down active galactic nuclei. Microquasars have resolved radio emission that is thought to arise from a relativistic outflow akin to active galactic nuclei jets, in which particles can be accelerated to large energies. Very high energy gamma-rays produced by the interactions of these particles have been observed from several active galactic nuclei. Using the High Energy Stereoscopic System, we find evidence for gamma-ray emission of 〉100 gigaelectron volts from a candidate microquasar, LS 5039, showing that particles are also accelerated to very high energies in these systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aharonian, F -- Akhperjanian, A G -- Aye, K-M -- Bazer-Bachi, A R -- Beilicke, M -- Benbow, W -- Berge, D -- Berghaus, P -- Bernlohr, K -- Boisson, C -- Bolz, O -- Borrel, V -- Braun, I -- Breitling, F -- Brown, A M -- Bussons Gordo, J -- Chadwick, P M -- Chounet, L-M -- Cornils, R -- Costamante, L -- Degrange, B -- Dickinson, H J -- Djannati-Atai, A -- Drury, L O'c -- Dubus, G -- Emmanoulopoulos, D -- Espigat, P -- Feinstein, F -- Fleury, P -- Fontaine, G -- Fuchs, Y -- Funk, S -- Gallant, Y A -- Giebels, B -- Gillessen, S -- Glicenstein, J F -- Goret, P -- Hadjichristidis, C -- Hauser, M -- Heinzelmann, G -- Henri, G -- Hermann, G -- Hinton, J A -- Hofmann, W -- Holleran, M -- Horns, D -- Jacholkowska, A -- de Jager, O C -- Khelifi, B -- Komin, Nu -- Konopelko, A -- Latham, I J -- Le Gallou, R -- Lemiere, A -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Leroy, N -- Lohse, T -- Marcowith, A -- Martin, J-M -- Martineau-Huynh, O -- Masterson, C -- McComb, T J L -- de Naurois, M -- Nolan, S J -- Noutsos, A -- Orford, K J -- Osborne, J L -- Ouchrif, M -- Panter, M -- Pelletier, G -- Pita, S -- Puhlhofer, G -- Punch, M -- Raubenheimer, B C -- Raue, M -- Raux, J -- Rayner, S M -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Ripken, J -- Rob, L -- Rolland, L -- Rowell, G -- Sahakian, V -- Sauge, L -- Schlenker, S -- Schlickeiser, R -- Schuster, C -- Schwanke, U -- Siewert, M -- Sol, H -- Spangler, D -- Steenkamp, R -- Stegmann, C -- Tavernet, J-P -- Terrier, R -- Theoret, C G -- Tluczykont, M -- Vasileiadis, G -- Venter, C -- Vincent, P -- Volk, H J -- Wagner, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):746-9. Epub 2005 Jul 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16002580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-03-26
    Description: Very high energy gamma-rays probe the long-standing mystery of the origin of cosmic rays. Produced in the interactions of accelerated particles in astrophysical objects, they can be used to image cosmic particle accelerators. A first sensitive survey of the inner part of the Milky Way with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) reveals a population of eight previously unknown firmly detected sources of very high energy gamma-rays. At least two have no known radio or x-ray counterpart and may be representative of a new class of "dark" nucleonic cosmic ray sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aharonian, F -- Akhperjanian, A G -- Aye, K-M -- Bazer-Bachi, A R -- Beilicke, M -- Benbow, W -- Berge, D -- Berghaus, P -- Bernlohr, K -- Boisson, C -- Bolz, O -- Borgmeier, C -- Braun, I -- Breitling, F -- Brown, A M -- Gordo, J Bussons -- Chadwick, P M -- Chounet, L-M -- Cornils, R -- Costamante, L -- Degrange, B -- Djannati-Atai, A -- Drury, L O'C -- Dubus, G -- Ergin, T -- Espigat, P -- Feinstein, F -- Fleury, P -- Fontaine, G -- Funk, S -- Gallant, Y A -- Giebels, B -- Gillessen, S -- Goret, P -- Hadjichristidis, C -- Hauser, M -- Heinzelmann, G -- Henri, G -- Hermann, G -- Hinton, J A -- Hofmann, W -- Holleran, M -- Horns, D -- de Jager, O C -- Jung, I -- Khelifi, B -- Komin, Nu -- Konopelko, A -- Latham, I J -- Le Gallou, R -- Lemiere, A -- Lemoine, M -- Leroy, N -- Lohse, T -- Marcowith, A -- Masterson, C -- McComb, T J L -- de Naurois, M -- Nolan, S J -- Noutsos, A -- Orford, K J -- Osborne, J L -- Ouchrif, M -- Panter, M -- Pelletier, G -- Pita, S -- Puhlhofer, G -- Punch, M -- Raubenheimer, B C -- Raue, M -- Raux, J -- Rayner, S M -- Redondo, I -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Ripken, J -- Rob, L -- Rolland, L -- Rowell, G -- Sahakian, V -- Sauge, L -- Schlenker, S -- Schlickeiser, R -- Schuster, C -- Schwanke, U -- Siewert, M -- Sol, H -- Steenkamp, R -- Stegmann, C -- Tavernet, J-P -- Terrier, R -- Theoret, C G -- Tluczykont, M -- van der Walt, D J -- Vasileiadis, G -- Venter, C -- Vincent, P -- Visser, B -- Volk, H J -- Wagner, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1938-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15790849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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