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  • *Ecosystem  (3)
  • Carbon Dioxide  (3)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Springer Nature
  • 2005-2009  (5)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Springer Nature
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Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Oliver L -- Aragao, Luiz E O C -- Lewis, Simon L -- Fisher, Joshua B -- Lloyd, Jon -- Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela -- Malhi, Yadvinder -- Monteagudo, Abel -- Peacock, Julie -- Quesada, Carlos A -- van der Heijden, Geertje -- Almeida, Samuel -- Amaral, Ieda -- Arroyo, Luzmila -- Aymard, Gerardo -- Baker, Tim R -- Banki, Olaf -- Blanc, Lilian -- Bonal, Damien -- Brando, Paulo -- Chave, Jerome -- de Oliveira, Atila Cristina Alves -- Cardozo, Nallaret Davila -- Czimczik, Claudia I -- Feldpausch, Ted R -- Freitas, Maria Aparecida -- Gloor, Emanuel -- Higuchi, Niro -- Jimenez, Eliana -- Lloyd, Gareth -- Meir, Patrick -- Mendoza, Casimiro -- Morel, Alexandra -- Neill, David A -- Nepstad, Daniel -- Patino, Sandra -- Penuela, Maria Cristina -- Prieto, Adriana -- Ramirez, Fredy -- Schwarz, Michael -- Silva, Javier -- Silveira, Marcos -- Thomas, Anne Sota -- Steege, Hans Ter -- Stropp, Juliana -- Vasquez, Rodolfo -- Zelazowski, Przemyslaw -- Alvarez Davila, Esteban -- Andelman, Sandy -- Andrade, Ana -- Chao, Kuo-Jung -- Erwin, Terry -- Di Fiore, Anthony -- Honorio C, Euridice -- Keeling, Helen -- Killeen, Tim J -- Laurance, William F -- Pena Cruz, Antonio -- Pitman, Nigel C A -- Nunez Vargas, Percy -- Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma -- Rudas, Agustin -- Salamao, Rafael -- Silva, Natalino -- Terborgh, John -- Torres-Lezama, Armando -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1344-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; South America ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: The environmental conditions of Earth, including the climate, are determined by physical, chemical, biological, and human interactions that transform and transport materials and energy. This is the "Earth system": a highly complex entity characterized by multiple nonlinear responses and thresholds, with linkages between disparate components. One important part of this system is the iron cycle, in which iron-containing soil dust is transported from land through the atmosphere to the oceans, affecting ocean biogeochemistry and hence having feedback effects on climate and dust production. Here we review the key components of this cycle, identifying critical uncertainties and priorities for future research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jickells, T D -- An, Z S -- Andersen, K K -- Baker, A R -- Bergametti, G -- Brooks, N -- Cao, J J -- Boyd, P W -- Duce, R A -- Hunter, K A -- Kawahata, H -- Kubilay, N -- laRoche, J -- Liss, P S -- Mahowald, N -- Prospero, J M -- Ridgwell, A J -- Tegen, I -- Torres, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):67-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR47TJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; Desert Climate ; *Dust ; *Iron/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/physiology ; *Seawater ; Soil
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-05-10
    Description: Using genomic and mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods, we evaluated gene expression, identified key activities, and examined partitioning of metabolic functions in a natural acid mine drainage (AMD) microbial biofilm community. We detected 2033 proteins from the five most abundant species in the biofilm, including 48% of the predicted proteins from the dominant biofilm organism, Leptospirillum group II. Proteins involved in protein refolding and response to oxidative stress appeared to be highly expressed, which suggests that damage to biomolecules is a key challenge for survival. We validated and estimated the relative abundance and cellular localization of 357 unique and 215 conserved novel proteins and determined that one abundant novel protein is a cytochrome central to iron oxidation and AMD formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ram, Rachna J -- Verberkmoes, Nathan C -- Thelen, Michael P -- Tyson, Gene W -- Baker, Brett J -- Blake, Robert C 2nd -- Shah, Manesh -- Hettich, Robert L -- Banfield, Jillian F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 24;308(5730):1915-20. Epub 2005 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/*analysis/chemistry ; Bacteria/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*analysis/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; *Biofilms/growth & development ; Cytochromes/analysis/chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genome, Archaeal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron/metabolism ; Isoelectric Point ; Mass Spectrometry ; *Mining ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Folding ; Proteome ; *Proteomics ; Thermoplasmales/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: Novel, low-abundance microbial species can be easily overlooked in standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based surveys. We used community genomic data obtained without PCR or cultivation to reconstruct DNA fragments bearing unusual 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein-coding genes from organisms belonging to novel archaeal lineages. The organisms are minor components of all biofilms growing in pH 0.5 to 1.5 solutions within the Richmond Mine, California. Probes specific for 16S rRNA showed that the fraction less than 0.45 micrometers in diameter is dominated by these organisms. Transmission electron microscope images revealed that the cells are pleomorphic with unusual folded membrane protrusions and have apparent volumes of 〈0.006 cubic micrometer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Brett J -- Tyson, Gene W -- Webb, Richard I -- Flanagan, Judith -- Hugenholtz, Philip -- Allen, Eric E -- Banfield, Jillian F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1933-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Biofilms ; California ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Archaeal ; Databases, Genetic ; *Ecosystem ; *Euryarchaeota/genetics/physiology/ultrastructure ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, rRNA ; *Genome, Archaeal ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mining ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Phylogeny ; Pyrophosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: Hurricane Katrina's impact on U.S. Gulf Coast forests was quantified by linking ecological field studies, Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image analyses, and empirically based models. Within areas affected by relatively constant wind speed, tree mortality and damage exhibited strong species-controlled gradients. Spatially explicit forest disturbance maps coupled with extrapolation models predicted mortality and severe structural damage to approximately 320 million large trees totaling 105 teragrams of carbon, representing 50 to 140% of the net annual U.S. forest tree carbon sink. Changes in disturbance regimes from increased storm activity expected under a warming climate will reduce forest biomass stocks, increase ecosystem respiration, and may represent an important positive feedback mechanism to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chambers, Jeffrey Q -- Fisher, Jeremy I -- Zeng, Hongcheng -- Chapman, Elise L -- Baker, David B -- Hurtt, George C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1107.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 400 Lindy Boggs, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. chambers@tulane.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; *Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Disasters ; Ecosystem ; Southeastern United States ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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