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  • 1
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    Small-scale cloud processes and climate (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Marcia B -- Peter, Thomas -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 17;451(7176):299-300. doi: 10.1038/nature06594.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. marcia@ess.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Metasomatized lithosphere and the origin of alkaline lavas (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Recycled oceanic crust, with or without sediment, is often invoked as a source component of continental and oceanic alkaline magmas to account for their trace-element and isotopic characteristics. Alternatively, these features have been attributed to sources containing veined, metasomatized lithosphere. In melting experiments on natural amphibole-rich veins at 1.5 gigapascals, we found that partial melts of metasomatic veins can reproduce key major- and trace-element features of oceanic and continental alkaline magmas. Moreover, experiments with hornblendite plus lherzolite showed that reaction of melts of amphibole-rich veins with surrounding lherzolite can explain observed compositional trends from nephelinites to alkali olivine basalts. We conclude that melting of metasomatized lithosphere is a viable alternative to models of alkaline basalt formation by melting of recycled oceanic crust with or without sediment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pilet, Sebastien -- Baker, Michael B -- Stolper, Edward M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):916-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1156563.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. sebastien.pilet@unil.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Atmosphere. When dry air is too humid (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peter, Thomas -- Marcolli, Claudia -- Spichtinger, Peter -- Corti, Thierry -- Baker, Marcia B -- Koop, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1399-402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. thomas.peter@ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: C57BL/6J mice with a mutation in the obese (ob) gene are obese, diabetic, and exhibit reduced activity, metabolism, and body temperature. Daily intraperitoneal injection of these mice with recombinant OB protein lowered their body weight, percent body fat, food intake, and serum concentrations of glucose and insulin. In addition, metabolic rate, body temperature, and activity levels were increased by this treatment. None of these parameters was altered beyond the level observed in lean controls, suggesting that the OB protein normalized the metabolic status of the ob/ob mice. Lean animals injected with OB protein maintained a smaller weight loss throughout the 28-day study and showed no changes in any of the metabolic parameters. These data suggest that the OB protein regulates body weight and fat deposition through effects on metabolism and appetite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelleymounter, M A -- Cullen, M J -- Baker, M B -- Hecht, R -- Winters, D -- Boone, T -- Collins, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):540-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/drug effects ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Body Composition/drug effects ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drinking/drug effects ; Eating/*drug effects ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Female ; Insulin/blood ; Leptin ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Obesity/genetics/*physiopathology ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Proteins/genetics/*pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Weight Loss/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Why is climate sensitivity so unpredictable? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: Uncertainties in projections of future climate change have not lessened substantially in past decades. Both models and observations yield broad probability distributions for long-term increases in global mean temperature expected from the doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide, with small but finite probabilities of very large increases. We show that the shape of these probability distributions is an inevitable and general consequence of the nature of the climate system, and we derive a simple analytic form for the shape that fits recent published distributions very well. We show that the breadth of the distribution and, in particular, the probability of large temperature increases are relatively insensitive to decreases in uncertainties associated with the underlying climate processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roe, Gerard H -- Baker, Marcia B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):629-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. gerard@ess.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositions of near-solidus peridotite melts from experiments and thermodynamic calculations (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 375 (1995), S. 308-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The peridotite composition used in our experiments (Table 1) approximates 'primitive' upper mantle6 and was made from cleaned mineral separates (olivine (ol), orthopyroxene (opx), cpx and spinel (sp); all ^13 um in size). Design of the single-stage and two-stage ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375308a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quests for low-degree mantle melts (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 381 (1996), S. 286-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BAKER ET AL. REPLY - Falloon et al assert that the melts generated in our near-solidus two-stage diamond-aggregate experiments1 represent disequilibrium liquids. Although space limitations prevent us from describing our current experimental work, we address each of their points below. (1) At ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381286a0
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  • 8
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    Graft-versus-host-disease-associated lymphoid hypoplasia and B cell dysfunction is dependent upon donor T cell-mediated Fas-ligand function, but not perforin function (1997)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-18
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Nucleation in the atmosphere (2009)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-22
    Print ISSN: 0034-4885
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6633
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 10
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    A modelling study of the impact of cirrus clouds on the moisture budget of the upper troposphere (2006)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-04
    Description: We present a modelling study of the effect of cirrus clouds on the moisture budget of the layer wherein the cloud formed. Our framework simplifies many aspects of cloud microphysics and collapses the problem of sedimentation onto a 0-dimensional box model, but retains essential feedbacks between saturation mixing ratio, particle growth, and water removal through particle sedimentation. The water budget is described by two coupled first-order differential equations for dimensionless particle number density and saturation point temperature, where the parameters defining the system (layer depth, reference temperature, amplitude and time scale of temperature perturbation and inital particle number density, which may or may not be a function of reference temperature and cooling rate) are encapsulated in a single coefficient. This allows us to scale the results to a broad range of atmospheric conditions, and to test sensitivities. Results of the moisture budget calculations are presented for a range of atmospheric conditions (T: 238–205 K; p: 325–180 hPa) and a range of time scales τT of the temperature perturbation that induces the cloud formation. The cirrus clouds are found to efficiently remove water for τT longer than a few hours, with longer perturbations (τT≳10 h) required at lower temperatures (T≲210 K). Conversely, we find that temperature perturbations of duration order 1 h and less (a typical timescale for e.g., gravity waves) do not efficiently dehydrate over most of the upper troposphere. A consequence is that (for particle densities typical of current cirrus clouds) the assumption of complete dehydration to the saturation mixing ratio may yield valid predictions for upper tropospheric moisture distributions if it is based on the large scale temperature field, but this assumption is not necessarily valid if it is based on smaller scale temperature fields.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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