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  • Springer  (71)
  • 2005-2009  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (15)
  • 1990-1994  (34)
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
  • 1925-1929  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetostrictive and quadrupolar anisotropy in nuclear magnetic fcc systems (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 89 (1992), S. 305-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spin hamiltonian for nuclear magnetic order in copper is investigated with respect to magnetoelastic couplings to the lattice. These arise due to the dipolar, Ruderman Kittel and the quadrupolar interaction. While the latter is quenched for the ideal fcc-lattice, it is found that for copper it will dominate the magnetoelastic terms of the nuclear spin hamiltonian. The absolute size of the quadrupole contribution is determined by the effective charge and (anti-) shielding effects. This interaction can give rise to an effective anisotropy in the fcc-system which can be quite large compared to the small stabilisation energies for nuclear order in copper. Consequences for the nuclear ordering in copper are briefly discussed and compared to the available experimental and theoretical data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01318161
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction cross section measurements of the neutron-rich isotopes8,9,11Li at 80 MeV/nucleon (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 340 (1991), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.−k ; 27.20.+n ; 25.70.Np ; 21.10.Re
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Total interaction cross sections have been measured for8Li on C and Pb targets, for9Li on C, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb targets as well as for11Li on C, Sn and Pb targets. For each beam, we also used a plastic scintillator as target. The measurements with the scintillator targets are used to extract reduced nuclear radii of the lithium isotopes. These radii are then used for the calculation of the nuclear part of the total cross section for the other targets. The total electromagnetic-dissociation (EMD) cross sections have been deduced and are compared to different models. A strong target-charge-dependent EMD cross section is measured for11Li reaching 2.96 −0.82 +0.84 b for the Pb target. In the9Li case, a large EMD cross section for high-Z targets has been observed which amounts to 0.75 ± 0.45 b for the Pb target. The EMD cross sections of both,9Li and11Li, may be understood by the giantdipole-resonance model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01284479
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Besprechungen (1956)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 43 (1956), S. 167-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00623118
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface chemistry of Zn3P3 single crystals studied by XPS (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 81.60 ; 82.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to study the surface reaction of Zn3P2 single crystals. The spectra of crystals exposed to H2, O2, CO2, O2+H2O or CO2+H2O during a four week period were compared to the spectra of as-grown or in UHV scraped samples. For samples contaminated with the wet gases O2+H2O and CO2+H2O additional phosphorus core levels together with a shift of the zinc core levels were observed. For crystals exposed to atmosphere during several months no phosphorus could be detected on the gasgrown surface, whereas the stochiometry of Zn3P2 was maintained within the bulk. Crystals with scraped surfaces showed no moisture sensitivity. No surface contamination was also detected for Zn3P2 crystals deposited with up to 1000 L H2O or exposed to atmosphere during 30 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695623
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    True atomic resolution under ambient conditions obtained by atomic force microscopy in the contact mode (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 68 (1999), S. 399-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.16.Ch; 68.35.Bs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 ) has been investigated by contact-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) in air. Both the terraces and the monolayer step itself were reproducibly imaged at atomic resolution in the repulsive-force regime at forces between tip apex and sample of the order of 10-9 N. Several kinks were also imaged at atomic resolution. Details of the atomic registry of subsequent Se-Nb-Se sandwich layers as well as the arrangement of the individual atoms at the kink sites were resolved. The results are in perfect quantitative agreement with the lattice structure known from X-ray analysis and indicate that true atom-by-atom lateral resolution of microscopic defects is feasible by AFM in the contact mode and under ambient conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050912
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Work function and barrier heights of transition metal silicides (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The work function of 13 polycrystalline transition metal suicides was measured by photoemission in uhv. Their values are discussed in relationship to their Schottky barrier heights on n-Si. While there appears to be a weak correlation for a certain group of transition metal suicides, the values of the 5d-noble metal suicides including some of the lattice matched Ni suicides appear to be completely uncorrelated. Experimental values of work functions are compared to the values proposed previously by Freeouf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616480
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo-induced tunneling spectroscopy of ReS2: Dramatic increase of the quantum efficiency by chemical treatment (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 57 (1993), S. 221-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.65 ; 79.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this work we present a systematic study of the local photovoltaic properties of ReS2, using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The tunneling junction of the STM was optically illuminated during the tunneling process. The phase sensitive detected photo-induced tunneling current (PITC) was studied as a function of wavelength and surface topography. In order to improve the performance of ReS2 solar cells, the samples were treated with NaI/I2 and EDTA solutions. Relative to the untreated sample, the EDTA-treated samples show an increase in the photo-induced tunneling current by a factor of 8–10 in the whole spectral range, the NaI/I-treated samples by 2–3. Two dimensional mapping of the PITC was performed on an atomic scale and compared to the surface topography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332592
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflection-scanning near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy of opaque samples (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.60.Pb ; 07.65.Eh ; 78.65-s
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Opaque samples are imaged by Scanning Nearfield Optical Microscopy (SNOM) in reflection mode: A quartz glass fiber tip is used both to illuminate the sample and to collect light locally reflected from or emitted by the surface. The collected light is coupled out by a 2×2 fiber coupler and fed into a grating spectrometer for spectral analysis at each sampled point. The tip-sample distance is controlled by a shear-force feedback system. The simultaneous measurement of topography and optical signals allows an assessment of imaging artifacts, notably topography-induced intensity changes. It is demonstrated that an optical reflectance contrast not induced by topographic interference can be found on suitable samples. Local spectral analysis is shown in images of a photoluminescent layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332201
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CuGaSe2 solar cells with 9.7% power conversion efficiency (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 72.70; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Heterojunctions, such as ZnO/CdS/CuGaSe2, were fabricated for photovoltaic applications. Optimization of device structures based on monocrystalline CuGaSe2 led to the highest-to-date power conversion efficiencies for CuGaSe2 solar cells. At room temperature under 100 mW/cm2 AM1.5 illumination a maximum cell efficiency of 9.7% was achieved, given by an open-circuit voltage of 946 mV, a short circuit current density of 15.5 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 66.5%. Preparation and performance of the optimum device are described. Current voltage characteristics dependent on illumination intensity and temperature, spectral response and electron-beam-induced current measurements were performed to determine the device parameters as well as to analyse the current transport and loss mechanisms. Tunneling, assisted by defect levels in the CdS layer, seems to play a major role. High injection effects are observed at forward bias of V〉0.5 V or an illumination level of P〉10 mW/cm2. Under such conditions, as well as at low temperatures, the non-zero series resistance comes into play. Effects of the shunt resistance, however, are negligible in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050282
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CuGaSe2 solar cells with 9.7% power conversion efficiency (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.70 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Heterojunctions, such as ZnO/CdS/CuGaSe2, were fabricated for photovoltaic applications. Optimization of device structures based on monocrystalline CuGaSe2 led to the highest-to-date power conversion efficiencies for CuGaSe2 solar cells. At room temperature under 100 mW/cm2 AM1.5 illumination a maximum cell efficiency of 9.7% was achieved, given by an open-circuit voltage of 946 mV, a short circuit current density of 15.5 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 66.5%. Preparation and performance of the optimum device are described. Current voltage characteristics dependent on illumination intensity and temperature, spectral response and electron-beam-induced current measurements were performed to determine the device parameters as well as to analyse the current transport and loss mechanisms. Tunneling, assisted by defect levels in the CdS layer, seems to play a major role. High injection effects are observed at forward bias ofV 〉 0.5 V or an illumination level ofP 〉 10 mW/cm2. Under such conditions, as well as at low temperatures, the non-zero series resistance comes into play. Effects of the shunt resistance, however, are negligible in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575717
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