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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (23)
  • Astrophysics  (18)
  • Astronomy  (13)
  • Optics
  • 2005-2009  (24)
  • 2000-2004  (34)
  • 1
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    Vorticity Transport and Wave Emission In A Protoplanetary Disk (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Higher order numerical algorithms (4th order in time, 3rd order in space) are applied to the Euler equations and are used to examine vorticity transport and wave motion in a non-self gravitating, initially isentropic Keplerian disk. In this talk we will examine the response of the disk to an isolated vortex with a circulation about equal to the rotation rate of Jupiter. The vortex is located on the 4 AU circle and the nebula is simulated from 1 to 24 AU. We show that the vortex emits pressure-supported density and Rossby-type wave packets before it decays within a few orbits. The acoustic density waves evolve into weak (non entropy preserving) shock waves that propagate over the entire disk. The Rossby waves remain in the vicinity of the initial vortex disturbance, but are rapidly damped. Temporal frequencies and spatial wavenumbers are derived from the nonlinear simulation data and correlated with analytical dispersion relations from the linearized Euler and energy equations.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: AGU Meeting; May 28, 2002 - May 31, 2002; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 2
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    The ultraviolet environment of Mars: biological implications past, present, and future (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A radiative transfer model is used to quantitatively investigate aspects of the martian ultraviolet radiation environment, past and present. Biological action spectra for DNA inactivation and chloroplast (photosystem) inhibition are used to estimate biologically effective irradiances for the martian surface under cloudless skies. Over time Mars has probably experienced an increasingly inhospitable photobiological environment, with present instantaneous DNA weighted irradiances 3.5-fold higher than they may have been on early Mars. This is in contrast to the surface of Earth, which experienced an ozone amelioration of the photobiological environment during the Proterozoic and now has DNA weighted irradiances almost three orders of magnitude lower than early Earth. Although the present-day martian UV flux is similar to that of early Earth and thus may not be a critical limitation to life in the evolutionary context, it is a constraint to an unadapted biota and will rapidly kill spacecraft-borne microbes not covered by a martian dust layer. Microbial strategies for protection against UV radiation are considered in the light of martian photobiological calculations, past and present. Data are also presented for the effects of hypothetical planetary atmospheric manipulations on the martian UV radiation environment with estimates of the biological consequences of such manipulations.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); Volume 146; 2; 343-59
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  • 3
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    Chandra Observations of Point Sources in Abell 2255 (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: In our search for "hidden" AGN we present results from a Chandra observation of the nearby cluster Abell 2255. Eight cluster galaxies are associated with point-like X-ray emission, and we classify these galaxies based on their X-ray, radio, and optical properties. At least three are associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN) with no optical signatures of nuclear activity, with a further two being potential AGN. Of the potential AGN, one corresponds to a galaxy with a post-starburst optical spectrum. The remaining three X-ray detected cluster galaxies consist of two starbursts and an elliptical with luminous hot gas. Of the eight cluster galaxies five are associated with luminous (massive) galaxies and the remaining three lie in much lower luminosity systems. We note that the use of X-ray to optical flux ratios for classification of X-ray sources is often misleading, and strengthen the claim that the fraction of cluster galaxies hosting an AGN based on optical data is significantly lower than the fraction based on X-ray and radio data.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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  • 4
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    XMM Observations of an IXO in NGC 2276 (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: We present the results from a approx. 53 ksec XMM observation of NGC 2276. This galaxy has an unusual optical morphology with the disk of this spiral appearing to be truncated along the western edge. This XMM observation shows that the X-ray source at the western edge is a bright Intermediate X-ray Object (IXO). Its spectrum is well fit by a multi-color disk blackbody model used to fit optically thick standard accretion disks around black holes. The luminosity derived for this IXO is 1.1 x 10(exp 41) erg/s in the 0.5 - 10 keV band making it one of the most luminous discovered to date. The large source luminosity implies a large mass black hole if the source is radiating at the Eddington rate. On the other hand, the inner disk temperature determined here is too high for such a massive object given the standard accretion disk model. In addition to the IXO we find that the nuclear source in this galaxy has dimmed by at least a factor of several thousand in the eight years since the ROSAT HRI observations.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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  • 5
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    Photometric observations of Neptune by the ISO long wavelength spectrometer: the He/H(sub 2) ratio and the effective temperature (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
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  • 6
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    Neptune's infrared spectrum from ISO LWS and SWS observations (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 26th General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society; Nice; France
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  • 7
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    Tracking the moving photocenters of active galaxies: binary black holes, accretion disks, and relativistic jets (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: SIM Science Team Meeting #10 December 16-18, 2003 Pasadena, California, USA.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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  • 8
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    Hinode Observations of the Onset Stage of a Solar Filament Eruption (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-12
    Description: We used Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) filtergraph (FG) Stokes-V magnetogram observations, to study the early onset of a solar eruption that includes an erupting filament that we observe in TRACE EUV images. The filament undergoes a slow rise for at least 20min prior to its fast eruption and strong soft X-ray (SXR) flaring; such slow rises have been previously reported, and the new Hinode data elucidate the physical processes occurring during this period. XRT images show that during the slow-rise phase, an SXR sigmoid forms from apparent reconnection low in the sheared core field traced by the filament, and there is a low-level intensity peak in both EUV and SXRs during the slow rise. MDI and SOT FG Stokes-V magnetograms show that the pre-emption filament is along a neutral line between opposing-polarity enhanced network cells, and the SOT magnetograms show that these opposing fields are flowing together and canceling for at least six hours prior to eruption. From the MDI data we measured the canceling network fields to be approx. 40 G, and we estimated that approx. 10(exp 19)Mx of flux canceled during the five hours prior to eruption; this is only approx.5% of the total flux spanned by the eruption and flare, but apparently its tether-cutting cancellation was enough to destabilize the sigmoid field holding the filament and resulted in that field's eruption.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan; Volume 59; S823-S829
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  • 9
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    Testing the Reliability of Cluster Mass Indicators with a Systematics Limited Dataset (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: We present the mass X-ray observable scaling relationships for clusters of galaxies using the XMM-Newton cluster catalog of Snowden et al. Our results are roughly consistent with previous observational and theoretical work, with one major exception. We find 2-3 times the scatter around the best fit mass scaling relationships as expected from cluster simulations or seen in other observational studies. We suggest that this is a consequence of using hydrostatic mass, as opposed to virial mass, and is due to the explicit dependence of the hydrostatic mass on the gradients of the temperature and gas density profiles. We find a larger range of slope in the cluster temperature profiles at radii 500 than previous observational studies. Additionally, we find only a weak dependence of the gas mass fraction on cluster mass, consistent with a constant. Our average gas mass fraction results also argue for a closer study of the systematic errors due to instrumental calibration and modeling method variations between analyses. We suggest that a more careful study of the differences between various observational results and with cluster simulations is needed to understand sources of bias and scatter in cosmological studies of galaxy clusters.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 10
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    A Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Observed by XMM-Newton (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Images and the radial profiles of the temperature, abundance, and brightness for 70 clusters of galaxies observed by XMM-Newton are presented along with a detailed discussion of the data reduction and analysis methods, including background modeling, which were used in the processing. Proper consideration of the various background components is vital to extend the reliable determination of cluster parameters to the largest possible cluster radii. The various components of the background including the quiescent particle background, cosmic diffuse emission, soft proton contamination, and solar wind charge exchange emission are discussed along with suggested means of their identification, filtering, and/or their modeling and subtraction. Every component is spectrally variable, sometimes significantly so, and all components except the cosmic background are temporally variable as well. The distributions of the events over the FOV vary between the components, and some distributions vary with energy. The scientific results from observations of low surface brightness objects and the diffuse background itself can be strongly affected by these background components and therefore great care should be taken in their consideration.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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