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  • Life Sciences (General)  (210)
  • Mutation  (115)
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  • 2005-2009  (78)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A summary is provided of the major operations required to conduct the wide range of primate experiments on the Bion 11 mission, which flew for 14 days beginning December 24, 1996. Information is given on preflight preparations, including flight candidate selection and training; attachment and implantation of bioinstrumentation; flight and ground experiment designs; onboard life support and test systems; ground and flight health monitoring; flight monkey selection and transport to the launch site; inflight procedures and data collection; postflight examinations and experiments; and assessment of results.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology (ISSN 1077-9248); Volume 7; 1; S9-17
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: The organization of chromatin affects all aspects of nuclear DNA metabolism in eukaryotes. H3.3 is an evolutionarily conserved histone variant and a key substrate for replication-independent chromatin assembly. Elimination of chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 in Drosophila embryos abolishes incorporation of H3.3 into the male pronucleus, renders the paternal genome unable to participate in zygotic mitoses, and leads to the development of haploid embryos. Furthermore, CHD1, but not ISWI, interacts with HIRA in cytoplasmic extracts. Our findings establish CHD1 as a major factor in replacement histone metabolism in the nucleus and reveal a critical role for CHD1 in the earliest developmental instances of genome-scale, replication-independent nucleosome assembly. Furthermore, our results point to the general requirement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-utilizing motor proteins for histone deposition in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konev, Alexander Y -- Tribus, Martin -- Park, Sung Yeon -- Podhraski, Valerie -- Lim, Chin Yan -- Emelyanov, Alexander V -- Vershilova, Elena -- Pirrotta, Vincenzo -- Kadonaga, James T -- Lusser, Alexandra -- Fyodorov, Dmitry V -- GM58272/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM74233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y 275/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1087-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Haploidy ; Histone Chaperones ; Histones/*metabolism ; Male ; Mutation ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Protamines/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The ALTEA project investigates the risks of functional brain damage induced by particle radiation in space. A modular facility (the ALTEA facility) is being implemented and will be operated in the International Space Station (ISS) to record electrophysiological and behavioral descriptors of brain function and to monitor their time dynamics and correlation with particles and space environment. The focus of the program will be on abnormal visual perceptions (often reported as "light flashes" by astronauts) and the impact on retinal and brain visual structures of particle in microgravity conditions. The facility will be made available to the international scientific community for human neurophysiological, electrophysiological and psychophysics experiments, studies on particle fluxes, and dosimetry. A precursor of ALTEA (the 'Alteino' project) helps set the experimental baseline for the ALTEA experiments, while providing novel information on the radiation environment onboard the ISS and on the brain electrophysiology of the astronauts during orbital flights. Alteino was flown to the ISS on the Soyuz TM34 as part of mission Marco Polo. Controlled ground experiments using mice and accelerator beams complete the experimental strategy of ALTEA. We present here the status of progress of the ALTEA project and preliminary results of the Alteino study on brain dynamics, particle fluxes and abnormal visual perceptions. c2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR); Volume 33; 8; 1352-7
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: To study the mechanisms underlying the high pathogenicity of Ebola virus, we have established a system that allows the recovery of infectious virus from cloned cDNA and thus permits genetic manipulation. We created a mutant in which the editing site of the gene encoding envelope glycoprotein (GP) was eliminated. This mutant no longer expressed the nonstructural glycoprotein sGP. Synthesis of GP increased, but most of it accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum as immature precursor. The mutant was significantly more cytotoxic than wild-type virus, indicating that cytotoxicity caused by GP is down-regulated by the virus through transcriptional RNA editing and expression of sGP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volchkov, V E -- Volchkova, V A -- Muhlberger, E -- Kolesnikova, L V -- Weik, M -- Dolnik, O -- Klenk, H D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1965-9. Epub 2001 Feb 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Virologie, Philipps-Universitat, Robert-Koch-Strasse 17, 35037 Marburg, Germany. viktor.volchkov@ens-lyon.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11239157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; DNA, Complementary ; Ebolavirus/*genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Glycoproteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/*genetics ; Mutation ; *RNA Editing ; Vero Cells ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; *Viral Proteins ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, Laura D -- Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Lin, Jimmy -- Sjoblom, Tobias -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Shen, Dong -- Boca, Simina M -- Barber, Thomas -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Szabo, Steve -- Dezso, Zoltan -- Ustyanksky, Vadim -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Karchin, Rachel -- Wilson, Paul A -- Kaminker, Joshua S -- Zhang, Zemin -- Croshaw, Randal -- Willis, Joseph -- Dawson, Dawn -- Shipitsin, Michail -- Willson, James K V -- Sukumar, Saraswati -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Park, Ben Ho -- Pethiyagoda, Charit L -- Pant, P V Krishna -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Sparks, Andrew B -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Douglas R -- Suh, Erick -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Buckhaults, Phillip -- Markowitz, Sanford D -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA109274/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA112828/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM070219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA43703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR017698/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1108-13. Epub 2007 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Databases, Genetic ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Rogers, Jeffrey -- Katze, Michael G -- Bumgarner, Roger -- Weinstock, George M -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Remington, Karin A -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Venter, J Craig -- Wilson, Richard K -- Batzer, Mark A -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Eichler, Evan E -- Hahn, Matthew W -- Hardison, Ross C -- Makova, Kateryna D -- Miller, Webb -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Palermo, Robert E -- Siepel, Adam -- Sikela, James M -- Attaway, Tony -- Bell, Stephanie -- Bernard, Kelly E -- Buhay, Christian J -- Chandrabose, Mimi N -- Dao, Marvin -- Davis, Clay -- Delehaunty, Kimberly D -- Ding, Yan -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fulton, Lucinda A -- Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha -- Garner, Toni T -- Godfrey, Jennifer -- Hawes, Alicia C -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Holder, Michael -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Khan, Ziad Mohid -- Kirkness, Ewen F -- Cree, Andrew -- Fowler, R Gerald -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Li, Zhangwan -- Liu, Yih-Shin -- Moore, Stephanie M -- Muzny, Donna -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Ngo, Dinh Ngoc -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Pai, Grace -- Parker, David -- Paul, Heidie A -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Pohl, Craig S -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Ruiz, San Juana -- Sabo, Aniko -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Schneider, Brian W -- Smith, Scott M -- Sodergren, Erica -- Svatek, Amanda F -- Utterback, Teresa R -- Vattathil, Selina -- Warren, Wesley -- White, Courtney Sherell -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Feng, Yucheng -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Hillier, Ladeana W -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Minx, Pat -- Nelson, Joanne O -- Pepin, Kymberlie H -- Qin, Xiang -- Sutton, Granger G -- Venter, Eli -- Walenz, Brian P -- Wallis, John W -- Worley, Kim C -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Jones, Steven M -- Marra, Marco A -- Rocchi, Mariano -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Baertsch, Robert -- Clarke, Laura -- Csuros, Miklos -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Harris, R Alan -- Havlak, Paul -- Jackson, Andrew R -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Liu, Yue -- Messina, David N -- Shen, Yufeng -- Song, Henry Xing-Zhi -- Wylie, Todd -- Zhang, Lan -- Birney, Ewan -- Han, Kyudong -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Lee, Jungnam -- Smit, Arian F A -- Ullmer, Brygg -- Wang, Hui -- Xing, Jinchuan -- Burhans, Richard -- Cheng, Ze -- Karro, John E -- Ma, Jian -- Raney, Brian -- She, Xinwei -- Cox, Michael J -- Demuth, Jeffery P -- Dumas, Laura J -- Han, Sang-Gook -- Hopkins, Janet -- Karimpour-Fard, Anis -- Kim, Young H -- Pollack, Jonathan R -- Vinar, Tomas -- Addo-Quaye, Charles -- Degenhardt, Jeremiah -- Denby, Alexandra -- Hubisz, Melissa J -- Indap, Amit -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Lahn, Bruce T -- Lawson, Heather A -- Marklein, Alison -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Vallender, Eric J -- Clark, Andrew G -- Ferguson, Betsy -- Hernandez, Ryan D -- Hirani, Kashif -- Kehrer-Sawatzki, Hildegard -- Kolb, Jessica -- Patil, Shobha -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Ren, Yanru -- Smith, David Glenn -- Wheeler, David A -- Schenck, Ian -- Ball, Edward V -- Chen, Rui -- Cooper, David N -- Giardine, Belinda -- Hsu, Fan -- Kent, W James -- Lesk, Arthur -- Nelson, David L -- O'brien, William E -- Prufer, Kay -- Stenson, Peter D -- Wallace, James C -- Ke, Hui -- Liu, Xiao-Ming -- Wang, Peng -- Xiang, Andy Peng -- Yang, Fan -- Barber, Galt P -- Haussler, David -- Karolchik, Donna -- Kern, Andy D -- Kuhn, Robert M -- Smith, Kayla E -- Zwieg, Ann S -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003068/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):222-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agibbs@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Male ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: In the Drosophila germline, repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) ensure genomic stability by silencing endogenous selfish genetic elements such as retrotransposons and repetitive sequences. Whereas small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derive from both the sense and antisense strands of their double-stranded RNA precursors, rasiRNAs arise mainly from the antisense strand. rasiRNA production appears not to require Dicer-1, which makes microRNAs (miRNAs), or Dicer-2, which makes siRNAs, and rasiRNAs lack the 2',3' hydroxy termini characteristic of animal siRNA and miRNA. Unlike siRNAs and miRNAs, rasiRNAs function through the Piwi, rather than the Ago, Argonaute protein subfamily. Our data suggest that rasiRNAs protect the fly germline through a silencing mechanism distinct from both the miRNA and RNA interference pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vagin, Vasily V -- Sigova, Alla -- Li, Chengjian -- Seitz, Herve -- Gvozdev, Vladimir -- Zamore, Phillip D -- GM62862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65236/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):320-4. Epub 2006 Jun 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Argonaute Proteins ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Male ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Ovary/cytology ; Peptide Initiation Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Periodic Acid/pharmacology ; Phosphates/analysis ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Antisense/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Terminal Repeat Sequences ; Testis/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: Degenerative disorders of motor neurons include a range of progressive fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Although the causative genetic alterations are known for some cases, the molecular basis of many SMA and SBMA-like syndromes and most ALS cases is unknown. Here we show that missense point mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain result in progressive motor neuron degeneration in heterozygous mice, and in homozygotes this is accompanied by the formation of Lewy-like inclusion bodies, thus resembling key features of human pathology. These mutations exclusively perturb neuron-specific functions of dynein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hafezparast, Majid -- Klocke, Rainer -- Ruhrberg, Christiana -- Marquardt, Andreas -- Ahmad-Annuar, Azlina -- Bowen, Samantha -- Lalli, Giovanna -- Witherden, Abi S -- Hummerich, Holger -- Nicholson, Sharon -- Morgan, P Jeffrey -- Oozageer, Ravi -- Priestley, John V -- Averill, Sharon -- King, Von R -- Ball, Simon -- Peters, Jo -- Toda, Takashi -- Yamamoto, Ayumu -- Hiraoka, Yasushi -- Augustin, Martin -- Korthaus, Dirk -- Wattler, Sigrid -- Wabnitz, Philipp -- Dickneite, Carmen -- Lampel, Stefan -- Boehme, Florian -- Peraus, Gisela -- Popp, Andreas -- Rudelius, Martina -- Schlegel, Juergen -- Fuchs, Helmut -- Hrabe de Angelis, Martin -- Schiavo, Giampietro -- Shima, David T -- Russ, Andreas P -- Stumm, Gabriele -- Martin, Joanne E -- Fisher, Elizabeth M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):808-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells/pathology ; Apoptosis ; *Axonal Transport ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Dimerization ; Dyneins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/pathology ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Lewy Bodies/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Neuron Disease/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Spinal Nerves/growth & development ; Tetanus Toxin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: The 2,272,351-base pair genome of Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58 (serogroup B), a causative agent of meningitis and septicemia, contains 2158 predicted coding regions, 1158 (53.7%) of which were assigned a biological role. Three major islands of horizontal DNA transfer were identified; two of these contain genes encoding proteins involved in pathogenicity, and the third island contains coding sequences only for hypothetical proteins. Insights into the commensal and virulence behavior of N. meningitidis can be gleaned from the genome, in which sequences for structural proteins of the pilus are clustered and several coding regions unique to serogroup B capsular polysaccharide synthesis can be identified. Finally, N. meningitidis contains more genes that undergo phase variation than any pathogen studied to date, a mechanism that controls their expression and contributes to the evasion of the host immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tettelin, H -- Saunders, N J -- Heidelberg, J -- Jeffries, A C -- Nelson, K E -- Eisen, J A -- Ketchum, K A -- Hood, D W -- Peden, J F -- Dodson, R J -- Nelson, W C -- Gwinn, M L -- DeBoy, R -- Peterson, J D -- Hickey, E K -- Haft, D H -- Salzberg, S L -- White, O -- Fleischmann, R D -- Dougherty, B A -- Mason, T -- Ciecko, A -- Parksey, D S -- Blair, E -- Cittone, H -- Clark, E B -- Cotton, M D -- Utterback, T R -- Khouri, H -- Qin, H -- Vamathevan, J -- Gill, J -- Scarlato, V -- Masignani, V -- Pizza, M -- Grandi, G -- Sun, L -- Smith, H O -- Fraser, C M -- Moxon, E R -- Rappuoli, R -- Venter, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1809-15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; Bacteremia/microbiology ; Bacterial Capsules/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology ; Meningococcal Infections/microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neisseria meningitidis/classification/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Open Reading Frames ; Operon ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Serotyping ; Transformation, Bacterial ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2008-08-12
    Description: A carotenoid-derived hormonal signal that inhibits shoot branching in plants has long escaped identification. Strigolactones are compounds thought to be derived from carotenoids and are known to trigger the germination of parasitic plant seeds and stimulate symbiotic fungi. Here we present evidence that carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 shoot branching mutants of pea are strigolactone deficient and that strigolactone application restores the wild-type branching phenotype to ccd8 mutants. Moreover, we show that other branching mutants previously characterized as lacking a response to the branching inhibition signal also lack strigolactone response, and are not deficient in strigolactones. These responses are conserved in Arabidopsis. In agreement with the expected properties of the hormonal signal, exogenous strigolactone can be transported in shoots and act at low concentrations. We suggest that endogenous strigolactones or related compounds inhibit shoot branching in plants. Furthermore, ccd8 mutants demonstrate the diverse effects of strigolactones in shoot branching, mycorrhizal symbiosis and parasitic weed interaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomez-Roldan, Victoria -- Fermas, Soraya -- Brewer, Philip B -- Puech-Pages, Virginie -- Dun, Elizabeth A -- Pillot, Jean-Paul -- Letisse, Fabien -- Matusova, Radoslava -- Danoun, Saida -- Portais, Jean-Charles -- Bouwmeester, Harro -- Becard, Guillaume -- Beveridge, Christine A -- Rameau, Catherine -- Rochange, Soizic F -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):189-94. doi: 10.1038/nature07271.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, Surface Cellulaire et Signalisation chez les Vegetaux, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18690209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/drug effects/genetics/growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Dioxygenases ; Genes, Plant/genetics ; Lactones/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Mutation ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Oxygenases/genetics/metabolism ; Peas/drug effects/growth & development/*metabolism/parasitology ; Phenotype ; Plant Growth Regulators/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Roots/drug effects/metabolism ; Plant Shoots/drug effects/*growth & development/*metabolism/parasitology ; Symbiosis ; Terpenes/analysis/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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